KSPPINM	19c 19.3.0.0.0	21c 21.3.0.0.0	KSPDESC	New description
DBFIPS_140	○	○	Enable use of crypographic libraries in FIPS mode, public
_4030_dump_bitvec	○	○	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
_4031_dump_bitvec	○	○	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
_4031_dump_interval	○	○	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
_4031_max_dumps	○	○	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
_4031_sga_dump_interval	○	○	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
_4031_sga_max_dumps	○	○	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
_AllowMultInsteadofDDLTrigger	○	○	Oracle internal parameter to allow multiple instead of DDL triggers
_EnableDDLTtriggerTracing	○	○	enable ddl trigger tracing
_EnableShadowTypes	○	○	enable shadow types
_ILM_FILTER_TIME	○	○	Upper filter time for ILM block compression
_ILM_FILTER_TIME_LOWER	○	○	Lower filter time for ILM block compression
_ILM_POLICY_NAME	○	○	User specified ILM policy name
_NUMA_bind_mode	○	○	Numa bind mode
_NUMA_float_spawner	○	○	float process spawner
_NUMA_instance_mapping	○	○	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
_NUMA_pool_size	○	○	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
_PX_use_large_pool	○	○	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
_REMOVE_INACTIVE_STANDBY_TDE_MASTER_KEY	○	○	Remove Inactive Standby TDE Master Key
_REMOVE_STDBY_OLD_KEY_AFTER_CHECKPOINT_SCN	○	○	Remove standby old key after checkpoint SCN
_STFForceTranslateOracleSQL	n/a	○	if TRUE translation profile will translate Oracle SQL statements
_STFTranslateDynamicSQL	○	○	if TRUE translation profile will translate dynamic SQL statements
_VIEW_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY	○	○	View Dictionary Accessibility Support
__asm_max_connected_clients	○	○	The high water mark value for connected clients
__data_transfer_cache_size	○	○	Actual size of data transfer cache
__db_16k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata for 16k buffer pool
__db_2k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata for 2k buffer pool
__db_32k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata for 32k buffer pool
__db_4k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata for 4k buffer pool
__db_8k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata for 8k buffer pool
__db_cache_size	○	○	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__db_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended memory metadata of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__db_keep_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__db_pmem_direct_map_size_metadata	n/a	○	Size of PMEM memory metadata of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__db_recycle_cache_xmem_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended memory metadata of recycle buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__dg_broker_service_names	○	○	service names for broker use
__inmemory_ext_roarea	○	○	Actual size in bytes of inmemory ro extension area
__inmemory_ext_rwarea	○	○	Actual size in bytes of inmemory rw extension area
__java_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of java pool
__large_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of large pool
__latch_test_param	○	○	latch test parameter
__maintenance_is_planned	○	○	Is maintenance scheduled soon?
__memoptimize_xmem_pool_size_metadata	○	○	Size of extended cache metadata of MEMOPTIMIZE buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__oracle_base	○	○	ORACLE_BASE
__persistent_cl2_slave_size	○	○	Actual size of slave cluster flash cache for default block size
__pga_aggregate_target	○	○	Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed
__reload_lsnr	○	○	reload listener
__sess_template_test_attrs	n/a	○	session template: include test attributes
__sga_current_size	○	○	Current size for PDB SGA
__sga_target	○	○	Actual size of SGA
__shared_io_pool_size	○	○	Actual size of shared IO pool
__shared_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of shared pool
__streams_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of streams pool
__unified_pga_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of unified pga pool
__wait_test_param	○	○	wait test parameter
_abort_on_mrp_crash	○	○	abort database instance when MRP crashes
_abort_recovery_on_join	○	○	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
_ac_enable_dscn_in_rac	○	○	Enable Dependent Commit SCN tracking
_ac_strict_SCN_check	○	○	enforce strict SCN check for AC replay across DG failover
_accept_versions	○	○	List of parameters for rolling operation
_actgrp_spawn_offload	n/a	○	action group spawn offload
_active_instance_count	○	○	number of active instances in the cluster database
_active_session_idle_limit	○	○	active session idle limit
_active_session_legacy_behavior	○	○	active session legacy behavior
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	○	○	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
_adaptive_direct_read	○	○	Adaptive Direct Read
_adaptive_direct_write	○	○	Adaptive Direct Write
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	○	○	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
_adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold	○	○	Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per minute)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness	○	○	Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0, aggressive=100)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sampling_count	○	○	Evaluate post/wait versus polling every N writes
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sampling_time	○	○	Evaluate post/wait versus polling every N seconds
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window	○	○	Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling delay
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold	○	○	Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a percentage
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold	○	○	Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold_aging	○	○	Permille of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_disable_worker_threshold	○	○	Percentage of overlap across multiple outstanding writes
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_aging	○	○	Per million of redo gen rate when LGWR workers were last used
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_threshold	○	○	Increase in redo generation rate as a percentage
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_evaluation_fraction	n/a	○	Serial/parallel log writer evaluation fraction (in 10000ths)
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_evaluation_interval	n/a	○	Serial/parallel log writer evaluation interval (in seconds)
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_sampling_count	○	○	Evaluate single versus scalable LGWR every N writes
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_sampling_time	○	○	Evaluate single versus scalable LGWR every N seconds
_adaptive_window_consolidator_enabled	○	○	enable/disable adaptive window consolidator PX plan
_add_col_optim_enabled	○	○	Allows new add column optimization
_add_nullable_column_with_default_optim	○	○	Allows add of a nullable column with default optimization
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	○	○	add stale mv to dependency list
_add_trim_for_nlssort	○	○	add trimming for fixed char semantics
_addm_auto_actions_enabled	○	○	determines if ADDM can automatically implement its recommendations
_addm_auto_enable	○	○	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
_addm_skiprules	○	○	comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	○	○	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
_adg_adt_redirect_apply_lag_threshold	○	○	Maximum centi-secends of apply lag threshold
_adg_adt_redirect_catchup_wait_time	○	○	Maximum centi-secends for standby to catch up
_adg_auto_close_pdb	○	○	ADG recovery auto close PDB upon PDB drop/unplug/rename marker
_adg_count_beyond_limit	○	○	Count the total number of objects if beyond redo marker length.
_adg_defer_segstat	○	○	Defer the segment statistics update on standby.
_adg_distributed_lockmaster	○	○	standby runs under ADG distributed lockmaster mode
_adg_influx_qscn_gap	○	○	maximium time gap between influx scn and qscn update in seconds
_adg_instance_recovery	○	○	enable ADG instance recovery
_adg_objectlock_attempts	○	○	Maximum attemps for objectlock get on ADG
_adg_objectlock_maxnum	○	○	The maximum limit of the objectlock number on ADG
_adg_objectlock_timeout	○	○	timeout for objectlock get on ADG in centiseconds
_adg_parselock_timeout	○	○	timeout for parselock get on ADG in centiseconds
_adg_parselock_timeout_sleep	○	○	sleep duration after a parselock timeout on ADG in milliseconds
_adg_redirect_upd_to_primary_max_retries	○	○	max retries for ADT redirect to Primary from ADG
_adjust_literal_replacement	○	○	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
_adr_migrate_runonce	○	○	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
_advanced_index_compression_cmp_options	○	○	advanced index compression cmp options
_advanced_index_compression_opt_options	○	○	advanced index compression opt options
_advanced_index_compression_options	○	○	advanced index compression options
_advanced_index_compression_options_value	○	○	advanced index compression options2
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_crsz	○	○	advanced index compression limit recomp cr
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_cusz	○	○	advanced index compression limit recomp cu
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_nprg	○	○	advanced index compression limit recomp pu
_advanced_index_compression_trace	○	○	advanced index compression trace
_advanced_index_compression_tst_options	○	○	advanced index compression tst options
_advanced_index_compression_umem_options	○	○	advanced index compression umem options
_afd_disable_fence	○	○	Disable AFD fencing	Disable AFD fencing
_affinity_on	○	○	enable/disable affinity at run time
_age_block_batch_timeout_ms	n/a	○	timeout before shipping out the batched age blockmessages in milliseconds
_aged_out_cursor_cache_time	○	○	number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor stay in cache
_aggregation_optimization_settings	○	○	settings for aggregation optimizations
_aiowait_timeouts	○	○	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
_alert_expiration	○	○	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
_alert_message_cleanup	○	○	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
_alert_message_purge	○	○	Enable Alert Message Purge
_alert_post_background	○	○	Enable Background Alert Posting
_alert_segment_size	n/a	○	Alert-log segment size in MBs (1024*1024)
_alert_segment_textfile	n/a	○	Alert-log text-file also to be segmented
_alert_segments_max	n/a	○	Alert-log max segments to retain, 0 for unlimited
_all_shared_dblinks	○	○	treat all dblinks as shared
_alloc_perm_as_free	○	○	allocate permanent chunks as freeable
_allocate_creation_order	○	○	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
_allocate_flashback_buffer	○	○	Allocate flashback buffer at mount time even if flashback is off
_allocation_update_interval	○	○	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	○	○	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
_allow_commutativity	○	○	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
_allow_compatibility_adv_w_grp	○	○	allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed restore points
_allow_convert_to_standby	○	○	allow convert to standby to go through
_allow_cross_endian_dictionary	○	○	Allow cross-endian data dictionary
_allow_cross_version_chunk_move	n/a	○	Oracle internal parameter
_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	○	○	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point
_allow_drop_ts_with_grp	○	○	Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points
_allow_error_simulation	○	○	Allow error simulation for testing
_allow_fallback_to_dbkey	n/a	○	if TRUE, allow fallback to dbkey
_allow_file_1_offline_error_1245	○	○	don't signal ORA-1245 due to file 1 being offline
_allow_insert_with_update_check	○	○	Allow INSERT as statement_types when update_check is FALSE
_allow_level_without_connect_by	○	○	allow level without connect by
_allow_privileged_session_dblink_conn	n/a	○	Allow privileged session for dblink connection
_allow_read_only_corruption	○	○	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	○	○	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
_allow_synonym_for_credential	n/a	○	Allow public/private synonym for scheduler credential
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	○	○	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
_allow_triggers_on_vpd_table	n/a	○	Allow triggers on VPD protected table in DML
_allow_xdb_anonymous_logon	n/a	○	Allow XDB anonymous logon
_allowed_pvf_owners	n/a	○	List of schemas allowed to own password verification function
_alter_adg_redirect_behavior	○	○	Alter ADG's Redirection behavior
_alter_upgrade_signature_only	○	○	alter table upgrade only sets signature
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	○	○	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
_always_anti_join	○	○	always use this method for anti-join when possible
_always_semi_join	○	○	always use this method for semi-join when possible
_always_star_transformation	○	○	always favor use of star transformation
_always_vector_transformation	○	○	always favor use of vector transformation
_analyze_comprehensive	○	○	Analyze comprehensive mode
_and_pruning_enabled	○	○	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
_app_container_debug	○	○	Enable Debug tracing in Application container
_app_default_containers	○	○	containers_default and container_map enabled by default on MDL application object
_app_ignore_errors	○	○	ignore errors during containers() on application object
_app_replay_silent_errors	○	○	silently ignore all errors during application sync
_application_purge_enabled	○	○	Is an application purge allowed
_application_script	○	○	Running an application script
_apppdb_multi_slave_sync	○	○	Multiple slaves used during Application sync
_appqos_cdb_setting	○	○	QoSM CDB Performance Class Setting
_appqos_po_multiplier	○	○	Multiplier for PC performance objective value
_appqos_qt	○	○	System Queue time retrieval interval
_approx_cnt_distinct_gby_pushdown	○	○	perform group-by pushdown for approximate distinct count query
_approx_cnt_distinct_optimization	○	○	settings for approx_count_distinct optimizations
_approx_perc_sampling_err_rate	○	○	error rate percentage of approximate percentile using sampling
_approx_percentile_optimization	○	○	settings for approx_percentile optimization
_apx_root_directory	○	○	APX default root directory
_aq_Txn_ht_sz	○	○	Message cache Txn Hash table size
_aq_addpt_batch_size	○	○	Add PT batch Size
_aq_dly_bkt	○	○	Delay Bucket Size
_aq_dq_prefetch_Siz	○	○	AQ PT DQ prefech Size
_aq_dqblocks_in_cache	○	○	deq blocks in cache
_aq_droppt_batch_size	○	○	Drop PT batch Size
_aq_free_list_pools	○	○	state object and transaction memory pools
_aq_init_shards	○	○	Minimum enqueue shards per queue at an instance
_aq_ipc_max_slave	○	○	maximum number of slaves for knlpipcm
_aq_latency_absolute_threshold	○	○	Absolute threshold greater than average latency
_aq_latency_relative_threshold	○	○	Relative threshold of average latency
_aq_lb_cycle	○	○	Time(seconds) between consecutive AQ load balancing efforts
_aq_lb_garbage_col_interval	○	○	AQ LB garbage collect interval
_aq_lb_stats_collect_cycle	○	○	Time(seconds) between consecutive AQ load statistics collection
_aq_lb_subht_bkt_ltch	○	○	AQ LB subscriber ht bucket latches
_aq_lb_subht_elm_ltch	○	○	AQ LB subscriber ht element latches
_aq_lookback_size	○	○	AQ PT Look Back Size
_aq_max_pdb_close_msg	○	○	Max Number of AQ Recovery Messages when pdb is closed
_aq_max_scan_delay	○	○	Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs
_aq_opt_background_enabled	○	○	AQ: OPT Operations Background enabled
_aq_opt_enabled	○	○	AQ: OPT Operations enabled
_aq_opt_fudge_factor	○	○	AQ: OPT Fudge Factor for pre-fretching
_aq_opt_min_evict_memory	○	○	AQ: OPT LWM memory for eviction to stop
_aq_opt_preevict_dop	○	○	AQ: OPT Background: PreEvict Degree Of Parallelism
_aq_opt_prefetch_dop	○	○	AQ: OPT Background: Prefetch Degree Of Parallelism
_aq_opt_prefetch_horizon	○	○	AQ: OPT horizon for pre-fretching
_aq_opt_stat_window	○	○	AQ: OPT Subscriber Statistics Window Size
_aq_opt_stop_stat	○	○	AQ: OPT Stop Collection of Subscriber Statistics
_aq_pt_processes	○	○	Partition background processes
_aq_pt_shrink_frequency	○	○	PT shrink window Size
_aq_pt_statistics_window	○	○	PT statistics sample window Size
_aq_qt_prefetch_Size	○	○	AQ PT QT prefech Size
_aq_queue_global_service	n/a	○	AQ queue global service
_aq_retry_timeouts	○	○	retry timeouts
_aq_scrambled_deqlog	○	○	scrambled deqlog
_aq_shard_bitmap_child_latches	○	○	Bitmap child latches
_aq_shard_child_latches	○	○	Shard child latches
_aq_shard_prty_latches	○	○	Shard priority child latches
_aq_shard_retry_child_latches	○	○	Retry child latches
_aq_shard_sub_child_Elem_latches	○	○	Subscriber Element child latches
_aq_shard_sub_child_latches	○	○	Subscriber child latches
_aq_shard_txn_child_latches	○	○	Txn child latches
_aq_stop_backgrounds	○	○	Stop all AQ background processes
_aq_streaming_threshold	○	○	large payload threshold size
_aq_subshard_Size	○	○	Sub Shard Size
_aq_subshards_per_dqpartition	○	○	SubShards Per Deq Partition
_aq_subshards_per_qpartition	○	○	SubShards Per Q Partition
_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	○	○	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS
_aq_tm_processes_dump_interval	n/a	○	Time(minutes) between consecutive Dumps in alert log
_aq_tm_scanlimit	○	○	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
_aq_tm_statistics_duration	○	○	statistics collection window duration
_aq_truncpt_batch_size	○	○	Trunc PT batch Size
_aq_uncached_stats	○	○	Uncached Stats
_aq_x_mode	○	○	AQ - cross mode
_aq_x_msg_size	○	○	AQ cross single message buffer size
_aqsharded_cache_limit	○	○	Limit for cached enqueue/dequeue operations
_aqsharded_cached_hint	n/a	○	sharded queue cached hint
_aqsharded_enq_fresh_ptn_reload	n/a	○	start enqueueing to a fresh partition on reload
_aqsharded_lowmem_timeout	n/a	○	sharded queue low mem timeout (in centiseconds)
_aqsharded_reload_tune	n/a	○	sharded queue tune reload behaviour
_arch_comp_dbg_scan	○	○	archive compression scan debug
_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	○	○	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping
_arch_compress_checksums	○	○	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks
_arch_compression	○	○	archive compression enabled
_arch_io_slaves	○	○	ARCH I/O slaves
_arch_sim_mode	○	n/a	Change behavior of local archiving
_array_cdb_view_enabled	○	○	array mode enabled for CDB views
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	○	○	Enable array update vector read
_ash_compression_enable	○	○	To enable or disable string compression in ASH
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	○	○	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
_ash_disk_write_enable	○	○	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
_ash_dummy_test_param	○	○	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
_ash_eflush_trigger	○	○	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
_ash_enable	○	○	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
_ash_min_mmnl_dump	○	○	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
_ash_progressive_flush_interval	○	○	ASH Progressive Flush interval in secs
_ash_sample_all	○	○	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
_ash_sampling_interval	○	○	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
_ash_size	○	○	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
_asm_access	○	○	ASM File access mechanism
_asm_access_assume_local	○	○	Assume IOS client is in the same cluster as IOS
_asm_acd_chunks	○	○	initial ACD chunks created
_asm_admin_with_sysdba	○	○	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?
_asm_allow_appliance_dropdisk_noforce	○	○	Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_appliance_offlineonline	n/a	○	Allow OFFLINE/ONLINE DISK/FAILUREGROUP on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_dangerous_unprotected_volumes	○	○	Disable checking for unprotected volumes in mirrored disk groups
_asm_allow_dgname_special_chars	○	○	Enable the use of special characters in diskgroup names
_asm_allow_foreign_siteguids	○	○	Disable checking for foreign siteguid on a given node
_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	○	○	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_allow_older_clients	○	○	Allow older clients to connect to the ASM server
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	○	○	Discovery only raw devices
_asm_allow_prepare_split	○	○	Allow database prepare and split in non-appliance mode
_asm_allow_small_memory_target	○	○	Allow a small memory_target for ASM instances
_asm_allow_system_alias_rename	○	○	if system alias renaming is allowed
_asm_allow_unsafe_reconnect	○	○	attempt unsafe reconnect to ASM
_asm_allowdegeneratemounts	○	○	Allow force-mounts of DGs w/o proper quorum
_asm_appliance_config_file	○	○	Appliance configuration file name
_asm_appliance_disable_fg_check	○	○	Disable failure group check
_asm_appliance_ignore_oak	○	○	Ignore OAK appliance library
_asm_appliance_slot_from_path	○	○	Get appliance disk slot from disk path
_asm_asmb_max_wait_timeout	○	○	timeout before processes are signaled with network interrupt
_asm_asmb_rcvto	○	○	Receive timeout for ASMB in seconds
_asm_async_scrub_reap_wait	○	○	Async scrubbing reaping IO wait in microseconds
_asm_audit_sp_param	○	○	ASM audit spare parameter
_asm_ausize	○	○	allocation unit size
_asm_auto_online_interval	○	○	auto online interval
_asm_automatic_rezone	○	○	automatically rebalance free space across zones
_asm_avoid_pst_scans	○	○	Avoid PST Scans
_asm_blksize	○	○	metadata block size
_asm_br_listener_port	○	○	Bitrotter listener port for testing purpose
_asm_brfuzz_ios_lsnrport	○	○	IOS listener port for fuzzing with Bitrotter
_asm_buffer_overlap_tracer	n/a	○	Enables kfioBufOverlapTracer
_asm_cancel_alert_time	○	○	Wait time for I/O cancel alert message (in seconds)
_asm_cancel_delta	○	○	Delta timeout for blocking big writes in milliseconds
_asm_cclient_cleanup_timeout	○	○	timeout before cleaning up remote cluster clients
_asm_check_for_misbehaving_cf_clients	○	○	check for misbehaving CF-holding clients
_asm_compatibility	○	○	default ASM compatibility level
_asm_dba_batch	○	○	ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size
_asm_dba_spcchk_thld	○	○	ASM Disk Based Allocation Space Check Threshold
_asm_dba_threshold	○	○	ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold
_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	○	○	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
_asm_dependency_under_cfenqueue	○	○	Send dependency request if holding CF enqueue
_asm_diag_dead_clients	○	○	diagnostics for dead clients
_asm_direct_con_expire_time	○	○	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
_asm_disable_amdu_dump	○	○	Disable AMDU dump
_asm_disable_async_msgs	○	○	disable async intra-instance messaging
_asm_disable_dangerous_failgroup_checking	○	○	Disable checking for dubious failgroup configurations
_asm_disable_failgroup_count_checking	○	○	Disable checking for failure group count
_asm_disable_failgroup_size_checking	○	○	Disable checking for failure group size
_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	○	○	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node
_asm_disable_patch_compat	○	○	disable DG patch compatibility checks
_asm_disable_proact_client_cleanup	○	○	disable proactive client cleanup
_asm_disable_profilediscovery	○	○	disable profile query for discovery
_asm_disable_request_tracer	○	○	Disable kfioRqTracer
_asm_disable_smr_creation	○	○	Do Not create smr
_asm_disable_ufg_dump	○	○	disable terminated umbilicus diagnostic
_asm_disable_ufgmemberkill	○	○	disable ufg member kill
_asm_disable_vtoc_check	○	○	Disable vtoc/sector 0 check
_asm_disable_vxn_map_messages	○	○	disable using vxn map messages
_asm_disk_repair_time	○	○	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
_asm_diskerr_traces	○	○	Number of read/write errors per disk a process can trace
_asm_diskgroup_renew_timeout	n/a	○	timeout FENC will give former ASMB group owner to renew
_asm_diskgroups2	○	○	disk groups to mount automatically set 2
_asm_diskgroups3	○	○	disk groups to mount automatically set 3
_asm_diskgroups4	○	○	disk groups to mount automatically set 4
_asm_dump_split_pw	n/a	○	Seconds to wait before requesting dump of split pending writes
_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	○	○	Emulate NFS disk test event
_asm_emulmax	○	○	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I /O errors
_asm_emultimeout	○	○	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
_asm_enable_batch_scrub	○	○	Allow scrubbing verification to run in batch mode
_asm_enable_kfios	○	○	Enable KFIOS module
_asm_enable_kfks	○	○	Enable KFKS module
_asm_enable_lostwrite_scrub	○	○	Allow lost write detection in scrubbing
_asm_enable_map_share	n/a	○	Enable ASM extent map share
_asm_enable_multiple_asmb	○	○	Allow the ASM client to have multiple ASMB background processes
_asm_enable_parity_datafile_creation	○	n/a	Enable parity datafiles creation
_asm_enable_parity_scrub	○	○	Allow scrubbing parity files
_asm_enable_parityfile_creation	○	○	Enable parity files creation
_asm_enable_repair_lostwrite_scrub	○	○	Allow repairing lost write in scrubbing
_asm_enable_vfreloc_on_rm	n/a	○	Enable voting file relocation on rolling migration
_asm_enable_xrov	○	○	Enable XROV capability
_asm_evenread	○	○	ASM Even Read level
_asm_evenread_alpha	○	○	ASM Even Read Alpha
_asm_evenread_alpha2	○	○	ASM Even Read Second Alpha
_asm_evenread_faststart	○	○	ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold
_asm_fail_random_rx	○	○	Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets
_asm_fd_cln_idle_sess_twait	○	○	Idle session time wait to run ASM FD cleanup
_asm_fd_cln_on_fg	○	○	ASM stale FD cleanup on foregrounds
_asm_fob_tac_frequency	○	○	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
_asm_force_parity_extent_check	○	○	Force parity extent integrity check
_asm_force_paritycheck_rebalance	○	○	Force parity extent integrity check during rebalance
_asm_force_quiesce	○	○	Force diskgroup quiescing
_asm_force_vam	○	○	force VAM for external redundancy
_asm_frag_threshold	n/a	○	Percentage threshold before disk/diskgroup is deemed fragmented
_asm_global_dump_level	○	○	System state dump level for ASM asserts
_asm_hard_check	n/a	○	H.A.R.D. check buffer before write operation
_asm_hbeatiowait	○	○	number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return
_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	○	○	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check
_asm_healthcheck_timeout	○	○	seconds until health check takes action
_asm_idn_processes	○	○	number of global open processes
_asm_imbalance_tolerance	○	○	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate
_asm_instlock_quota	○	○	ASM Instance Lock Quota
_asm_ios_network_domains	○	○	number of domains in ASM IOSERVER instance
_asm_ios_network_processes	○	○	number network processes per domain in ASM IOSERVER instance
_asm_iosconnect_timeout	○	○	Time (in 3secs multiples) before db gives up on connecting to IOS
_asm_iosfailover_freq	n/a	○	Frequency limit after which db gives up on failing over to IOS
_asm_iosfailover_timeout	n/a	○	Time window within which db tries to failover to IOS
_asm_iostat_latch_count	○	○	ASM I/O statistics latch count
_asm_iowp_max_async	○	○	maximum async IOs per IO worker process
_asm_kfdpevent	○	○	KFDP event
_asm_kill_unresponsive_clients	○	○	kill unresponsive ASM clients
_asm_libraries	○	○	library search order for discovery
_asm_log_scale_rebalance	○	○	Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale
_asm_lsod_bucket_size	○	○	ASM lsod bucket size
_asm_max_aux_cods	○	○	maximum number of auxiliary cods in sparse disk groups
_asm_max_clients	○	○	maximum number of clients this IOS instance can service
_asm_max_cod_strides	○	○	maximum number of COD strides
_asm_max_connected_clients	○	○	The high water mark value for connected clients
_asm_max_kfsg_free_heap_perc	n/a	○	Max percentage of SGA memory reserved for kfsga free heap
_asm_max_kfsg_free_heap_size	n/a	○	Max buffer size reserved for kfsga free heap
_asm_max_occupied	n/a	○	Maximum percentage of disk occupied to check for fragmentation
_asm_max_parallelios	○	○	Maximum simultaneous outstanding IOs
_asm_max_redo_buffer_size	○	○	asm maximum redo buffer size
_asm_maxio	○	○	Maximum size of individual I/O request
_asm_min_compatibility	○	○	default mininum ASM compatibility level
_asm_min_occupied	n/a	○	Minimum percentage of disk occupied to check for fragmentation
_asm_netp_factor	○	○	number of network processes per net
_asm_netp_iosize	○	○	maximum io size
_asm_network_timeout	○	○	Keepalive timeout for ASM network connections
_asm_networks	○	○	ASM network subnet addresses
_asm_node_number	n/a	○	ASM node number
_asm_node_site_guid	○	○	ASM site GUID of node
_asm_nodekill_escalate_time	○	○	secs until escalating to nodekill if fence incomplete
_asm_noevenread_diskgroups	○	○	List of disk groups having even read disabled
_asm_oda_type	○	○	ODA Type
_asm_odapremchk	○	○	Check premature storage for ODA
_asm_offline_wait_timeout	n/a	○	Timeout for offline wait
_asm_offload_all	○	○	Offload all write operations to Exadata cells, when supported
_asm_ownerid_trace_timeout	n/a	○	ownerid tracing threshold in seconds
_asm_partner_target_disk_part	○	○	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	○	○	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering
_asm_primary_load	○	○	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
_asm_primary_load_cycles	○	○	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_procs_trace_diskerr	○	○	Number of processes allowed to trace a disk failure
_asm_proxy_online_restart	○	○	Allow patching while ADVM volumes are online
_asm_proxy_startwait	○	○	Maximum time to wait for ASM proxy connection
_asm_pst_rsinfo	n/a	○	file redundancies to consider during PST liveness checks
_asm_pstonpartners	○	○	Select ideal PST disks following partnership
_asm_random_zone	○	○	Random zones for new files
_asm_read_cancel	○	○	Read cancel timeout in milliseconds
_asm_read_cancel_back_out	○	○	Time period in milliseconds when no reads are issued to a disk after a read is cancelled
_asm_rebalance_estimates_process	○	○	Perform rebalance estimates in ARB-A process
_asm_rebalance_plan_size	○	○	maximum rebalance work unit
_asm_rebalance_space_errors	○	○	number of out of space errors allowed before aborting rebalance
_asm_reloc_cic	○	○	Allow relocation during rolling migration
_asm_relocation_async_lock_count	○	○	limit of asynchronous map locks during relocation
_asm_relocation_ignore_hard_failure	○	○	ignore HARD for relocation
_asm_relocation_scheme	○	○	ASM allocation / relocation scheme
_asm_relocation_trace	○	○	enable extent relocation tracing
_asm_remote_client_timeout	○	○	timeout before killing disconnected remote clients
_asm_repairquantum	○	○	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop
_asm_reserve_slaves	○	○	reserve ASM slaves for CF txns
_asm_resyncCkpt	○	○	number of extents to resync before flushing checkpoint
_asm_root_directory	○	○	ASM default root directory
_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	○	○	runtime capability for volume support returns supported
_asm_scrub_async	○	○	Enable asynchronous scrubbing
_asm_scrub_disable_cod	○	○	Disable scrubbing COD
_asm_scrub_limit	○	○	ASM disk scrubbing power
_asm_scrub_max_cod_wait	n/a	○	Number of minutes to delay scrub COD recovery
_asm_scrub_strict	○	○	Enable strict scrubbing mode
_asm_scrub_unmatched_dba	○	○	Scrub maximum number of blocks with unmatched DBA
_asm_secondary_load	○	○	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
_asm_secondary_load_cycles	○	○	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	○	○	Serialize volume rebalance
_asm_shadow_cycle	○	○	Inverse shadow cycle requirement
_asm_shared_pool_latch_timeout	n/a	○	seconds before terminating inst if ASMB is waiting for shared pool latch during shutdown
_asm_showpdb_asmtbl	n/a	○	Allow asm table values to be shown in pdb
_asm_skip_dbfile_ios	○	○	Skip I/Os to database files (do only ASM metadata I/O)
_asm_skip_diskval_check	○	○	skip client side discovery for disk revalidate
_asm_skip_rename_check	○	○	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename
_asm_skip_resize_check	○	○	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
_asm_slow_client_timeout_percentage	n/a	○	Percentage of the write cancel timeout to detect slow client.
_asm_storagemaysplit	○	○	PST Split Possible
_asm_stripesize	○	○	ASM file stripe size
_asm_stripewidth	○	○	ASM file stripe width
_asm_sync_rebalance	○	○	Rebalance uses sync I/O
_asm_tcp_user_timeout	○	○	TCP_USER_TIMEOUT in minutes
_asm_trace_limit_timeout	○	○	Time-out in milliseconds to reset the number of traces per disk and the number of processes allowed to trace
_asm_ufg_nw_wait_timeout	○	○	seconds to start health check on unresponsive clients
_asm_usd_batch	○	○	ASM USD Update Max Batch Size
_asm_wait_time	○	○	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
_asm_write_badfdata_in_contentcheck	○	○	Write BADFDA7A in content check
_asm_write_cancel	○	○	Write timeout in milliseconds
_asm_write_cancel_timeout_percentage	n/a	○	Percentage of the write timeout to wait before optional offline
_asm_xrov_cachelgio	n/a	○	ADVM cache large IO
_asm_xrov_nstats	○	○	Specify number of IOs before stats
_asm_xrov_nvios	○	○	Specify number of VIO processes
_asm_xrov_rsnmod	○	○	Specify 'reason' mode
_asm_xrov_single	○	○	Enable single issues of IOs
_asm_zero_power_limit	○	○	allow setting zero power limit
_asmsid	○	○	ASM instance id
_assert_encrypted_tablespace_blocks	○	○	if TRUE, assert encrypted tablespace blocks must be encrypted
_assert_single_current_buffer	n/a	○	if TRUE, check and assert only one current buffer
_assm_auto_tracing_threshold	n/a	○	ASSM threshold to start space search tracing
_assm_default	○	○	ASSM default
_assm_examination_blocks_threshold	○	○	ASSM get space number of fuzzy blocks to examine
_assm_examination_enable_sla	○	○	ASSM get space enable examination limits
_assm_examination_time_threshold	○	○	ASSM get space examination time threshold in seconds
_assm_force_fetchmeta	○	○	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
_assm_high_gsp_threshold	○	○	Number of blocks rejected before growing segment
_assm_l1cleanout_throttle_time	○	○	L1 bitmap block cleanout throttle time in seconds
_assm_latency_sampling_frequency	○	○	ASSM Latency sampling frequency in seconds
_assm_low_gsp_threshold	○	○	Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats
_assm_segment_extension_percent	○	○	Percent of full blocks after which segment is extended
_assm_segment_repair_bg	○	○	ASSM Segment repair: bg enable
_assm_segment_repair_fg	○	○	ASSM Segment repair: fg
_assm_segment_repair_maxblks	○	○	ASSM Segment repair: Max blocks per slave
_assm_segment_repair_timelimit	○	○	ASSM Segment repair: Max time in seconds per slave
_assm_space_cache_hb_expire	○	○	Seconds after which higher order bitmaps expire from space cache
_assm_space_cache_max_segments	○	○	ASSM Maximum Segments to Track
_assm_test_force_rej	○	○	assm min number of blocks to cbk-reject
_assm_test_force_rej2	○	○	assm min number of blocks to kdt-reject
_assm_test_reentrant_gsp	○	○	assm test reentrant gsp
_async_recovery_claims	○	○	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
_async_recovery_reads	○	○	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
_async_rta_broadcast	○	○	asynchronously broadcast RTA boundary
_async_scn_sync	○	○	Asynchronous SCN Sync Setting
_async_ts_threshold	○	○	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
_atp_block_size_default	○	○	ATP setting block size to 8K
_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	○	○	auto assign CGs for sessions
_auto_bmr	○	○	enable/disable Auto BMR
_auto_bmr_bg_time	○	○	Auto BMR Process Run Time
_auto_bmr_fc_time	○	○	Auto BMR Flood Control Time
_auto_bmr_file_header	○	○	Enable Auto BMR for file header fix
_auto_bmr_max_rowno	○	○	x$krbabrstat Max number of rows
_auto_bmr_noretry_window	○	○	Auto BMR NoRetry Window
_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	○	○	Auto BMR Publish Timeout
_auto_bmr_req_timeout	○	○	Auto BMR Requester Timeout
_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	○	○	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	○	○	Auto BMR Request System Threshold
_auto_dismount_on_pdb_close	○	○	Enable implicit PDB dismount on PDB close
_auto_export_preplugin_backup	○	○	auto export pre-plugin backup
_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	○	○	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE
_auto_manage_enable_smart_rebalance	○	○	OFFLINE instead of DROP disk(s) when free space is not enough for rebalance
_auto_manage_exadata_disks	○	○	Automate Exadata disk management
_auto_manage_infreq_tout	○	○	TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this interval, unit is seconds
_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	○	○	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications
_auto_manage_max_online_tries	○	○	Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk
_auto_manage_num_pipe_msgs	○	○	Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe
_auto_manage_num_tries	○	○	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
_auto_manage_online_tries_expire_time	○	○	Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after lapsing this time (unit in seconds)
_auto_manage_smart_rebalance_grace_period_in_min	○	○	Number of minutes waited after ASM diskgroup free space increases and becomes sufficient for rebalance before dropping an ASM disk offlined due to insufficient free space
_auto_manage_smart_rebalance_space_threshold	○	○	Percentage of ASM diskgroup free space required for rebalance
_auto_mv_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable Auto MV logic in the sql access advisor
_auto_rcv_pdb_open	○	○	enable automatic recovery during pdb open
_auto_rekey_during_mrcv	○	○	enable automatic rekey during media recovery
_auto_start_pdb_services	○	n/a	Automatically start all PDB services on PDB Open
_automatic_maintenance_test	○	○	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
_automemory_broker_interval	○	○	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory
_autoptn_costing	n/a	○	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION is compiling query for cost estimates
_autoptn_flags	n/a	○	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION flags
_autoptn_translate_table_name	n/a	○	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION table name translation
_autoptn_workload_id	n/a	○	DBMS_AUTO_PARTITION workload id
_autosts_capture_control	n/a	○	internal controls for auto STS capture
_autosts_long_interval	n/a	○	Auto STS long flush interval
_autosts_retention_interval	n/a	○	Auto STS retention interval
_autosts_short_interval	n/a	○	Auto STS short flush interval
_autotask_max_window	○	○	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_min_window	○	○	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_test_action	○	○	test action parameter for AUTOTASK
_autotask_test_name	○	○	Name of current Autotask Test (or test step)
_autotbs_management_enabled	○	○	allow automatic tablespace management
_autotune_gtx_idle_time	○	○	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process
_autotune_gtx_interval	○	○	interval to autotune global transaction background processes
_autotune_gtx_threshold	○	○	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency
_aux_dfc_keep_time	○	○	auxiliary datafile copy keep time in minutes
_aux_storage_size	n/a	○	Auxillary storage for PDB.
_available_core_count	○	○	number of cores for this instance
_avoid_scn_growth	○	○	enable scn growth optimizations
_awr_cdbperf_threshold	○	○	Setting for AWR CDBPERF Threshold
_awr_corrupt_mode	○	○	AWR Corrupt Mode
_awr_data_masking	n/a	○	Enable/Disable AWR data masking functionality
_awr_disabled_flush_tables	○	○	Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_disabled_purge_tables	○	○	Disable purging of specified AWR tables
_awr_enable_pdb_snapshots	○	○	Enable/Disable AWR PDB level snapshots
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	○	○	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	○	○	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_incremental_flush_enabled	○	○	Enable/Disable AWR automatic incremental flushing
_awr_metrics_use_mmnl	○	○	Use MMNL or other background process for AWR metrics
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	○	○	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_all_expired	○	○	Allows deep purge to purge AWR data for all expired snapshots
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	○	○	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	○	○	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	○	○	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run
_awr_partition_interval	○	○	Setting for AWR Partition Interval
_awr_pdb_registration_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable AWR PDB Registration
_awr_restrict_mode	○	○	AWR Restrict Mode
_awr_snapshot_level	○	○	Set Default AWR snapshot level
_awr_sql_child_limit	○	○	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
_awr_warehouse_enabled	○	○	Enable/Disable AWR warehouse functionality
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	○	○	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
_ba_cf_trace_buffer_size	○	○	size of per-process I/O KBC trace buffer
_ba_container_filesystem_ausize	○	○	allocation unit size for Backup Appliance containers
_ba_max_containers	○	○	maximum number of Backup Appliance containers
_ba_max_groups	○	○	maximum number of Backup Appliance container groups
_ba_max_seg_bytes	○	○	maximum number of bytes per array segment
_ba_timeouts_enabled	○	○	enable timeouts
_background_process_opts	○	○	Misc BG procs parameter
_backup_align_write_io	○	○	align backup write I/Os
_backup_appliance_enabled	○	○	Backup Appliance Enabled
_backup_automatic_retry	○	○	automatic retry on backup write errors
_backup_block0	○	○	backup block0
_backup_bool_spare1	○	○	backup bool spare1
_backup_bool_spare2	○	○	backup bool spare2
_backup_bool_spare3	○	○	backup bool spare3
_backup_bool_spare4	○	○	backup bool spare4
_backup_compress	○	○	turn on backup compression always
_backup_disk_bufcnt	○	○	number of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_bufsz	○	○	size of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_io_slaves	○	○	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
_backup_dynamic_buffers	○	○	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	○	○	specifies encryption block optimization mode
_backup_file_bufcnt	○	○	number of buffers used for file access
_backup_file_bufsz	○	○	size of buffers used for file access
_backup_int_spare1	○	○	backup int spare1
_backup_int_spare2	○	○	backup int spare2
_backup_int_spare3	○	○	backup int spare3
_backup_int_spare4	○	○	backup int spare4
_backup_interrupt_wait_time	n/a	○	specifies interrupt wait time in centi seconds
_backup_io_pool_size	○	○	memory to reserve from the large pool
_backup_kgc_bz2_bufsz	○	○	specifies buffer size to be used by BZ2 compression
_backup_kgc_bz2_niters	○	○	specifies number of iterations done by BZ2 compression
_backup_kgc_bz2_type	○	○	specifies type used by BZ2 compression
_backup_kgc_bzip2_blksiz	○	○	specifies buffer size to be used by BZIP2 compression
_backup_kgc_lzo_bufsz	○	○	specifies buffer size to be used by LZO compression
_backup_kgc_medium_scheme	○	○	specifies medium compression scheme
_backup_kgc_scheme	○	○	specifies compression scheme
_backup_kgc_zlib_complevel	○	○	specifies compression (performance) level for ZLIB compression
_backup_kgc_zlib_memlevel	○	○	specifies memory level for ZLIB compression
_backup_kgc_zlib_windowbits	○	○	specifies window size for ZLIB compression
_backup_kgc_zstd_bufsz	○	○	specifies buffer size to be used by ZSTD compression
_backup_kgc_zstd_complevel	○	○	specifies compression (performance) level for ZSTD compression
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	○	○	number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufmem_max	○	○	maximum amount of memory (in bytes) used for buffers for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	○	○	size of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_max_gap_size	○	○	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
_backup_max_wallet_session	○	○	specifies maximum wallet session for backup
_backup_min_ct_unused_optim	○	○	mimimun size in bytes of change tracking to apply unused space optimuzation
_backup_seq_bufcnt	○	○	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_seq_bufsz	○	○	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_text_spare1	○	○	backup text spare1
_backup_text_spare2	○	○	backup text spare2
_backup_text_spare3	○	○	backup text spare3
_backup_text_spare4	○	○	backup text spare4
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	○	○	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	○	○	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	○	○	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	○	○	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
_bct_chunk_size	○	○	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
_bct_crash_reserve_size	○	○	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
_bct_file_block_size	○	○	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_file_extent_size	○	○	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_fixtab_file	○	○	change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_health_check_interval	○	○	CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	○	○	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
_bct_mrp_timeout	○	○	CTWR MRP wait timeout (seconds), zero to wait forever
_bct_public_dba_buffer_dynresize	○	○	allow dynamic resizing of public dba buffers, zero to disable
_bct_public_dba_buffer_dynresize_delay	n/a	○	control frequency of dynamic resizing of public dba buffers
_bct_public_dba_buffer_maxsize	○	○	max buffer size permitted for public dba buffers, in bytes
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	○	○	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
_bequeath_via_broker	○	○	Bequeath connections via broker
_bg_spawn_diag_opts	○	○	background processes spawn diagnostic options
_big_scn_test_mode	○	○	testing mode for BigSCN
_bigdata_external_table	○	○	enables use of ORACLE_HIVE and ORACLE_HDFS access drivers
_bigdata_offload_flag	n/a	○	BigDataSQL offload flag
_bigram_dependency_percentage	○	○	Bigram dependency percentage
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	○	○	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_block_change_tracking_file	n/a	○	file location for broker to reenable BCT
_block_dump_assert	○	○	Encrypted block dump assert
_block_level_offload_high_lat_thresh	○	○	High Latency Threshold for Block Level Offload operations
_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	○	○	controls readahead value during block sampling
_blockchainHeapSize	n/a	○	Set the heap size in bytes for blockchain
_blockchainTracing	n/a	○	Set tracing for blockchain
_blockchain_forced_off	n/a	○	force off blockchain
_blockchain_txn_apis_enabled	n/a	○	If true, the txn layer blockchain API'S kick in
_blockchain_txn_test_lvl	n/a	○	blockchain txn test lvl
_blockhm_flush_period	○	○	Block heat map background flush period
_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size	○	○	blocking session graph cache size in bytes
_blocks_per_cache_server	○	○	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
_bloom_extent_size	○	○	bloom filter extent size in bytes	bloom filter extent size in bytes
_bloom_filter_debug	○	○	debug level for bloom filtering
_bloom_filter_enabled	○	○	enables or disables bloom filter
_bloom_filter_ratio	○	○	bloom filter filtering ratio
_bloom_filter_setops_enabled	○	○	Allow bloom filter to be pushed through set operations
_bloom_filter_size	○	○	bloom filter vector size (in KB)
_bloom_folding_density	○	○	bloom filter folding density lower bound
_bloom_folding_enabled	○	○	Enable folding of bloom filter
_bloom_folding_min	○	○	bloom filter folding size lower bound (in KB)
_bloom_max_size	○	○	maximum bloom filter size (in KB)
_bloom_max_wait_time	○	○	bloom filter wait time upper bound (in ms)
_bloom_minmax_enabled	○	○	enable or disable bloom min max filtering
_bloom_predicate_enabled	○	○	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
_bloom_predicate_offload	○	○	enables or disables bloom filter predicate offload to cells
_bloom_pruning_enabled	○	○	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
_bloom_pruning_setops_enabled	○	○	Allow bloom pruning to be pushed through set operations
_bloom_pushing_max	○	○	bloom filter pushing size upper bound (in KB)
_bloom_pushing_total_max	○	○	bloom filter combined pushing size upper bound (in KB)
_bloom_rm_filter	○	○	remove bloom predicate in favor of zonemap join pruning predicate
_bloom_serial_filter	○	○	enable serial bloom filter on exadata
_bloom_sm_enabled	○	○	enable bloom filter optimization using slave mapping
_bloom_use_shared_pool	○	○	use shared pool for bloom filter
_bloom_wait_on_rac	○	○	enables bloom filter (with hash hash distribution) wait on RAC
_boc_mode	n/a	○	Broadcast-on-commit mode
_boc_rdma_wait_time	n/a	○	BOC RDMA busy wait time (microseconds)
_bps_sanity_checks	○	○	enable BPS sanity checks
_branch_tagging	○	○	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
_broadcast_scn_mode	○	○	broadcast-on-commit scn mode
_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	○	○	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	○	○	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	○	○	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
_buddy_instance	○	○	buddy instance control
_buddy_instance_num_read_buffers	○	○	Num of Read Buffers to scan everytime in Buddy Instance feature
_buddy_instance_scan_phase_threshold	○	○	Threshold (in secs) to let RMS0 construct the recovery set
_buddy_instance_start_rba_timeout	○	○	Time-out for re-computing Start RBA in Buddy Instance feature
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	○	○	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
_buffer_requests_to_drain	n/a	○	Buffer for requests to drain before planned failover
_buffered_message_spill_age	○	○	Buffered message spill age
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	○	○	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
_bufq_stop_flow_control	○	○	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
_bug29274428_modsvc_call_out_enabled	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-forty-third spare parameter - boolean
_bug30932330_forceopen_bind_undotbs	n/a	○	one-hundred-and-forty-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_bug31789178_asm_quorum_hb	n/a	○	Allow Quorum Disk Heartbeat
_bug31828999_lm_nodrm_service_pct	n/a	○	minimum nonsingleton service access percentage to disable drm
_bug31918168_keusp_stream_batch_size	n/a	○	Number of KEUSP buffers to flush in a stream batch
_bug31990919_keusp_max_num_alloc_buf	n/a	○	Maximum number of KEUSP buffers in shared memory
_bug32093558_j0_deq_maxwait_time	n/a	○	eighth spare parameter - integer
_bug32093558_srvntfn_max_job_time	n/a	○	seventh spare parameter - integer
_bug32171622_asm_reloc_restart_timeout	n/a	○	csecs before signaling ORA-15424 when waiting for orphans
_bug32183142_hang_fast_track_progressing_sessions	n/a	○	Hang Management fast-track progressing sessions enabled
_bug32498459_max_small_page_sga_size	n/a	○	Maximum SGA size with small pages
_bug32533019_DON_for_update_enabled	n/a	○	Default on null for update feature enabled
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	○	○	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
_bump_highwater_mark_count	○	○	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	○	○	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
_bypass_sensitive_context	n/a	○	bypass sensitive handling for specific SYS_CONTEXT() parameters
_bypass_srl_for_so_eor	○	○	bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs
_bypass_xplatform_error	○	○	bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors
_c3_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	○	○	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_cache_fusion_pipelined_updates	○	○	Block ping without wait for log force	Configure smart fusion block transfer
_cache_fusion_pipelined_updates_enable	n/a	○	Enable smart fusion block transfer
_cache_orl_during_open	○	○	cache online logs
_cache_stats_monitor	○	○	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
_capability_simulate	○	○	Simulate the capabilities for testing
_capture_buffer_size	○	○	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
_capture_pgadep	○	○	capture statements at this pgadep
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	○	○	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
_case_sensitive_logon	○	○	case sensitive logon enabled
_catalog_foreign_restore	○	○	catalog foreign file restore
_causal_standby_wait_timeout	○	○	Causal standby wait timeout
_cdb_compatible	○	○	CDB Compatible
_cdb_cross_container	○	○	Debug flag for cross container operations
_cdb_disable_pdb_limit	○	○	CDB Compatible
_cdb_fleet_sync_timeout	○	○	Time in minutes to wait for sync of stub entry in CDB Fleet
_cdb_init_batch_size	n/a	○	Batch size for reading pdb info during CDB mount
_cdb_port	○	○	Port number for CDB	Port number for CDB Servlet
_cdb_rac_affinity	○	○	rac affinity for parallel cdb operations
_cdb_special_old_xplan	○	○	display old-style plan for CDB special fixed table
_cdb_spfile_inherit	○	○	Inherit CDB Spfile enabled/disabled in a PDB
_cdb_svlt_use_tcps	n/a	○	Use TCPS for CDB Servlet
_cdb_view_no_skip_migrate	○	○	do not skip OPEN MIGRATE PDBs from results of CONTAINERS()
_cdb_view_no_skip_restricted	○	○	do not skip RESTRICTED mode PDBs from results of CONTAINERS()
_cdb_view_parallel_degree	○	○	Parallel degree for a CDB view query
_cdb_view_prefetch_batch_size	○	○	Batch Size for Prefetch for a CDB view query
_cdb_view_rc_shelflife	○	○	Result Cache Shelflife for a CDB view query
_cdb_view_recursive_px_enabled	○	○	enable parallelism of recursive SQL under CONTAINERS()
_cdc_subscription_owner	○	○	Change Data Capture subscription_owner
_cdmp_diagnostic_level	○	○	cdmp directory diagnostic level
_cell_fast_file_create	○	○	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
_cell_fast_file_restore	○	○	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
_cell_file_format_chunk_size	○	○	Cell file format chunk size in MB
_cell_index_scan_enabled	○	○	enable CELL processing of index FFS
_cell_materialize_all_expressions	○	○	Force materialization of all offloadable expressions on the cells
_cell_materialize_virtual_columns	○	○	enable offload of expressions underlying virtual columns to cells
_cell_metadata_compression	n/a	○	Cell metadata compression strategy
_cell_object_expiration_hours	○	○	flashcache object expiration timeout
_cell_offload_backup_compression	○	○	enable offload of backup compression to cells
_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	○	○	specifies capability table to load
_cell_offload_complex_processing	○	○	enable complex SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_expressions	○	○	enable offload of expressions to cells
_cell_offload_grand_total	○	○	allow offload of grand total aggregations
_cell_offload_hybrid_processing	○	○	enable hybrid SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	○	○	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata
_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	○	○	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_sys_context	○	○	enable offload of SYS_CONTEXT evaluation to cells
_cell_offload_timezone	○	○	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_vector_groupby	○	○	enable SQL processing offload of vector group by
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_external	n/a	○	enable cell offload of vector group by with external tables
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_fact_key	○	○	enable cell offload of vector group by with fact grouping keys
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_force	○	○	force offload of vector group by
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_withnojoin	○	○	allow offload of vector group by without joins
_cell_offload_virtual_columns	○	○	enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to cells
_cell_range_scan_enabled	○	○	enable CELL processing of index range scans
_cell_storidx_minmax_enabled	○	○	enable Storage Index Min/Max optimization on the cells
_cell_storidx_mode	○	○	Cell Storage Index mode
_cellcache_clause_default	○	○	Default cellcache clause for new tables
_cellcache_default_flags	○	○	Default flags based on cellcache_clause_default
_cellcache_default_new	○	○	Force cellcache on new tables
_cgs_allgroup_poll_time	○	○	CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_big_group_enabled	○	○	big group membership support
_cgs_clscevents_dumpinterval	n/a	○	cgs clsce events statistics dump interval in seconds
_cgs_combine_css_events	○	○	CGS registration flags for CSS event combining
_cgs_comm_readiness_check	○	○	CGS communication readiness check
_cgs_dball_group_registration	○	○	CGS DBALL group registration type
_cgs_dbgroup_poll_time	○	○	CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_health_check_in_reconfig	○	○	CGS health check during reconfiguration
_cgs_memberkill_from_rim_instance	○	○	allow a RIM instance to issue a CSS member kill
_cgs_msg_batch_size	○	○	CGS message batch size in bytes
_cgs_msg_batching	○	○	CGS message batching
_cgs_node_kill_escalation	○	○	CGS node kill escalation to CSS
_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	○	○	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
_cgs_os_level_connection_check	○	○	allow OS level connection and interface check
_cgs_os_level_connection_dynamicthread	○	○	allow oraping to spawn more threads than the default.
_cgs_os_level_connection_reqno	○	○	number of ping rqst to process at once, threads created
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chm	○	○	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for CHM
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chmjf	n/a	○	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for CHM with CHM'S JASON format
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chmjf_batchsz	n/a	○	batch size of cgs events publishing to CHM in json format via clsce event stream
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_haip	○	○	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for HAIP
_cgs_query_net_interface	n/a	○	api to query network interface
_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	○	○	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	○	○	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
_cgs_send_timeout	○	○	CGS send timeout value
_cgs_support_rim_disc	○	○	rim instance disconnect and reconnect event support
_cgs_ticket_sendback	○	○	CGS ticket active sendback percentage threshold
_cgs_tickets	○	○	CGS messaging tickets
_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	○	○	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
_change_vector_buffers	○	○	Number of change vector buffers for media recovery
_change_vector_read_sample_ratio	○	○	Sample ratio of change vector read timestamp on ADG
_check_block_after_checksum	○	○	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on	check block before write irrespective of db_block_checking
_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	○	○	check block new invariant for flashback
_check_column_length	○	○	check column length
_check_pdbid_in_redo	○	○	Enable checking of pluggable database ID in redo
_check_ts_threshold	○	○	check tablespace thresholds
_child_read_ahead_dba_check	○	○	if TRUE, assert child read ahead dba to be continuous of parent
_cleanout_shrcur_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, cleanout shrcur buffers
_cleanup_rollback_entries	○	○	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
_cleanup_timeout	○	○	timeout value for PMON cleanup
_cleanup_timeout_flags	○	○	flags for PMON cleanup timeout
_clear_buffer_before_reuse	○	○	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
_clear_preserved_buffers	○	○	Clear preserved buffers before DB reopen after switchover
_cli_cachebktalloc	○	○	Percentage of memory to allocate
_client_enable_auto_unregister	○	○	enable automatic unregister after a send fails with timeout
_client_features_tracking_enable	○	○	track client feature uage
_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	○	○	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats
_client_ntfn_pinginterval	○	○	time between pings to unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingretries	○	○	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	○	○	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
_client_result_cache_bypass	○	○	bypass the client result cache
_client_result_cache_ramthreshold	○	○	client_result_cache_ramthreshold
_client_result_set_threshold	○	○	client_result_set_threshold
_client_tstz_error_check	○	○	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations
_clone_during_split	○	○	if TRUE, clone buffer during index split
_clone_one_pdb_recovery	○	○	Recover ROOT and only one PDB in clone database
_close_cached_open_cursors	○	○	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
_close_deq_by_cond_curs	○	○	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
_cloud_mandatory_profile_setup	n/a	○	Mandatory Profile Setup for Multitenant Cloud Environment
_cloud_name	○	○	gsm cloud name
_cloud_service_sim	○	○	simulate cloud services in Database
_cloud_service_type	○	○	cloud service type
_cloudsql_offload_enabled	n/a	○	enable CloudSQL cell offload support
_cluster_database_instances	n/a	○	number of instances to use for sizing cluster db SGA structures
_cluster_flash_cache_slave_file	○	○	cluster flash cache slave file for default block size
_cluster_flash_cache_slave_size	○	○	cluster flash cache slave file size for default block size
_cluster_instances_number	○	○	number of instances to calculate number of resource buckets
_cluster_library	○	○	cluster library selection
_clusterwide_global_transactions	○	○	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
_collapse_wait_history	○	○	collapse wait history
_collect_tempundo_stats	○	○	Collect Statistics v$tempundostat
_collect_undo_stats	○	○	Collect Statistics v$undostat
_column_compression_factor	○	○	Column compression ratio
_column_elimination_off	○	○	turn off predicate-only column elimination
_column_level_stats	○	○	Turn column statistics collection on or off
_column_stats_flush_interval	○	○	column-level statistics flush to disk interval
_column_stats_max_entries_per_stat	○	○	column-level statistics max entries saved per stat type
_column_stats_mem_limit	○	○	percentage of the max shared pool column-level statistics can use - internal
_column_tracking_level	○	○	column usage tracking
_common_data_view_enabled	○	○	common objects returned through dictionary views
_common_user_prefix	○	○	Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common User/Role/Profile name
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	○	○	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
_complex_view_merging	○	○	enable complex view merging
_component_timing	○	○	Oracle parameter used for component tracking and timing
_composite_interval_partition_creation_opt_enabled	○	○	when creating interval/auto list partitions, defer subpartition segment creation until a row for the subpartition is inserted
_compression_above_cache	○	○	number of recompression above cache for sanity check
_compression_advisor	○	○	Compression advisor
_compression_chain	○	○	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
_compression_compatibility	○	○	Compression compatibility
_con_map_sql_enforcement	○	○	disable container map SQL enforcement
_concurrency_chosen	○	○	what is the chosen value of concurrency
_connect_by_use_union_all	○	○	use union all for connect by
_connect_string_params_after_logon_triggers	○	n/a	set connect string session parameters after logon triggers
_connect_string_params_unalterable	○	n/a	make connect string session parameters unalterable
_connect_string_settings_after_logon_triggers	n/a	○	set connect string session settings after logon triggers
_connect_string_settings_unalterable	n/a	○	make connect string session settings unalterable
_connection_broker_handout_accept	○	○	connection broker accepts prior to handout
_connection_broker_host	○	○	connection broker host for listen address
_connstr_test_param	n/a	○	connect string workload behavior spare param
_consensus_follower_election_timeout	n/a	○	consensus follower's election timeout
_consensus_leader_heartbeat_interval	n/a	○	consensus leader's heartbeat interval
_consensus_leader_maximum_heartbeats	n/a	○	consensus leader's maximum heartbeats
_consensus_queue_maximum_elements	n/a	○	consensus queue maximum elements
_consensus_slaves_maximum_count	n/a	○	consensus slaves maximum count
_containers_multiple_ptn_key	○	○	enable multiple partition keys for container views
_controlfile_auto_convert_behaviour	○	○	controlfile auto convert behavior for a mixed platform dataguard.
_controlfile_autobackup_delay	○	○	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups
_controlfile_backup_copy_check	○	○	enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile backup copy
_controlfile_block_size	○	○	control file block size in bytes
_controlfile_cell_flash_caching	○	○	Flash cache hint for control file accesses
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	○	○	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	○	○	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	○	○	control file enqueue holding time tracking size
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	○	○	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
_controlfile_section_init_size	○	○	control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand	○	○	control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_split_brain_check	○	○	Check for a split-brain in distributed lock manager domain
_controlfile_update_check	○	○	controlfile update sanity check
_controlfile_verify_on_mount	○	○	Verify control file blocks on header error during mount
_convert_set_to_join	○	○	enables conversion of set operator to join
_coord_message_buffer	○	○	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
_corrupted_rollback_segments	○	○	corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	○	○	enables costing of equality semi-join
_cp_del_free_sess	n/a	○	connection pool: delete free sessions when at PDB limit
_cp_del_free_sess_limit_secs	n/a	○	connection pool: delete free sessions time limit (in seconds)
_cp_num_hash_latches	○	○	connection pool number of hash latches
_cpu_count_startup	○	○	Startup number of CPUs for this instance
_cpu_eff_thread_multiplier	○	○	CPU effective thread multiplier
_cpu_to_io	○	○	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
_cpu_util_adj_force	○	○	force cpu util adjustment
_cpu_util_adj_target	○	○	cpu utilization adjustment target
_cputime_limit_parallel_fptr	n/a	○	CPU-time limit for for parallel first-pass recovery
_cr_grant_global_role	○	○	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
_cr_grant_local_role	○	○	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_cr_grant_only	○	○	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block
_cr_multiblock_grant_only	○	○	if TRUE, grant locks for multiblock read when possible and do not send the block
_cr_server_log_flush	○	○	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
_cr_trc_buf_size	○	○	size of cr trace buffer
_crash_domain_on_exception	○	○	allow domain to exit for exceptions in any thread
_create_idx_from_constraint	○	○	allow trigger to create index from constraint
_create_pdb_disable_mirror_reads	n/a	○	Disable mirror reads during create pdb
_create_pdb_flashback_barrier	n/a	○	force flashback barrier for create pdb
_create_stat_segment	○	○	create ilm statistics segment
_create_table_in_any_cluster	○	○	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user
_cross_con_collection	○	○	enable cross container collection
_cross_con_remove_pushed_preds	n/a	○	remove pushed predicates from query fetching across containers
_cross_con_row_count	○	○	use actual row count for cross container views
_crs_2phase	○	○	crs 2phase
_cstats_enabled	○	○	Core stat monitoring enabled
_ctas_numfrags_hint	n/a	○	Hint for number of partition fragments to be loaded in a CTAS
_ctex_fk_copy_mode	n/a	○	Create table for exchange Copy mode for referential constraints
_ctx_doc_policy_stems	○	○	enable ctx_doc.policy_stems api
_cu_row_locking	○	○	CU row level locking
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	○	○	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	○	○	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
_cursor_cache_time	○	○	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	○	○	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
_cursor_diagnostic_node_agedout_count	○	○	Number of cursor-sharing diagnostic nodes to retain before reuse
_cursor_features_enabled	○	○	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
_cursor_obsolete_threshold	○	○	Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.
_cursor_plan_enabled	○	○	enable collection and display of cursor plans
_cursor_plan_hash_version	○	○	version of cursor plan hash value
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	○	○	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
_cursor_reload_failure_threshold	○	○	Number of failed reloads before marking cursor unusable
_cursor_runtimeheap_memlimit	○	○	Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit
_cursor_stats_enabled	○	○	Enable cursor stats
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	○	○	enable weak view checking
_cvw_examine_tables_in_from_list_subqry	○	○	examine tables in from list subqueries
_data_transfer_cache_bc_perc_x100	○	○	Percentange * 100 of buffer cache to transfer to data transfer cache
_data_warehousing_scan_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan buffers
_data_warehousing_scan_flash_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan flash buffers
_data_warehousing_serial_scan	○	○	if TRUE, enable data warehousing serial scans
_datafile_cow	○	○	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
_datafile_create_min_wait_time	○	○	Minimum wait time for standby during data file creation
_datafile_create_wait_time	○	○	Wait time for standby during data file creation
_datafile_open_errors_crash_instance	○	○	datafile open errors crash instance
_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	○	○	datafile write errors crash instance
_datapump_bypass_tstz_check	n/a	○	Bypass Data Pump TSTZ version checking during import.
_datapump_compressbas_buffer_size	○	○	specifies buffer size for BASIC compression algorithm
_datapump_conv_pga_lim	○	○	pga limit for Data Pump conventional path bind array size
_datapump_gather_stats_on_load	○	○	Gather table statistics during Data Pump load rather thanimporting statistics from the dump file. This should be set to TRUE in the lockdown profile in a DWCS environment.
_datapump_hide_cdb_warning	n/a	○	Hide Data Pump warning for CDB$ROOT and PDB$SEED
_datapump_inherit_svcname	○	○	Inherit and propagate service name throughout job
_datapump_metadata_buffer_size	○	○	specifies buffer size for metadata file I/O
_datapump_tabledata_buffer_size	○	○	specifies buffer size for table data file I/O
_db_16k_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of 16k buffer pool on extended cache
_db_16k_flash_cache_file	○	○	flash cache file for 16k block size
_db_16k_flash_cache_size	○	○	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
_db_2k_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of 2k buffer pool on extended memory
_db_2k_flash_cache_file	○	○	flash cache file for 2k block size
_db_2k_flash_cache_size	○	○	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
_db_32k_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of 32k buffer pool on extended memory
_db_32k_flash_cache_file	○	○	flash cache file for 32k block size
_db_32k_flash_cache_size	○	○	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
_db_4k_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of 4k buffer pool on extended cache
_db_4k_flash_cache_file	○	○	flash cache file for 4k block size
_db_4k_flash_cache_size	○	○	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
_db_8k_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of 8k buffer pool on extended cache
_db_8k_flash_cache_file	○	○	flash cache file for 8k block size
_db_8k_flash_cache_size	○	○	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
_db_aging_cool_count	○	○	Touch count set when buffer cooled
_db_aging_freeze_cr	○	○	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
_db_aging_hot_criteria	○	○	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_aging_stay_count	○	○	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
_db_aging_touch_time	○	○	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_always_check_system_ts	○	○	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
_db_block_adjcheck	○	○	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
_db_block_adjchk_level	○	○	adjacent cache buffer check level
_db_block_align_direct_read	○	○	Align Direct Reads
_db_block_bad_write_check	○	○	enable bad write checks
_db_block_buffers	○	○	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
_db_block_cache_history_lru	○	○	buffer header tracing for lru operations
_db_block_cache_protect	○	○	protect database blocks (for debugging only)
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	○	○	protect database blocks (for internal use only)
_db_block_check_for_debug	○	○	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
_db_block_check_objtyp	○	○	check objd and typ on cache disk read
_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	○	○	chunkify noncontig multi block reads
_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	○	○	threshold number of block recovery attempts
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	○	○	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
_db_block_hash_buckets	○	○	Number of database block hash buckets
_db_block_hash_latches	○	○	Number of database block hash latches
_db_block_header_guard_level	○	○	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	○	○	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
_db_block_iterations_for_rm	○	○	number of blocks to reduce every iteration for RM
_db_block_known_clean_pct	○	○	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
_db_block_lru_latches	○	○	number of lru latches
_db_block_max_cr_dba	○	○	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
_db_block_max_scan_pct	○	○	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	○	○	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
_db_block_numa	○	○	Number of NUMA nodes
_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	○	○	Batched IO enable fast longjumps
_db_block_prefetch_limit	○	○	Prefetch limit in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_override	○	○	Prefetch force override in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	○	○	Batched IO enable private cache
_db_block_prefetch_quota	○	○	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	○	○	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
_db_block_prefetch_wasted_threshold_perc	○	○	Allowed wasted percent threshold of prefetched size
_db_block_scandepth_for_rm	○	○	number of blocks to reduce every iteration for RM
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	○	○	Size of shared table scan read buffer
_db_block_temp_redo	○	○	generate redo for temp blocks
_db_block_trace_protect	○	○	trace buffer protect calls
_db_block_vlm_check	○	○	check for mapping leaks (debugging only)
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	○	○	threshold for allowable mapping leaks
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch	○	○	Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_bt_cache_only_readmostly_obj_on_roi	○	○	if TRUE, ABTC only caches read mostly objects on ROI
_db_cache_advice_hash_latch_multiple	○	○	cache advisory hash latch multiple
_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	○	○	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	○	○	cache advisory sampling factor
_db_cache_advice_sanity_check	○	○	cache simulation sanity check
_db_cache_advice_size_submultiple	n/a	○	cache advisory size submultiple
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace	○	○	dump short call stack for block reads
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where1	○	○	dump short call stack for block reads just for where1
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where2	○	○	dump short call stack for block reads just for where2
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where3	○	○	dump short call stack for block reads just for where3
_db_cache_crx_check	○	○	check for costly crx examination functions
_db_cache_max_sz	○	○
_db_cache_miss_check_les	○	○	check LEs after cache miss
_db_cache_mman_latch_check	○	○	check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb
_db_cache_pmem_confidence_try	n/a	○	DB Cache PMEM buffer promote attempts for greater confidence
_db_cache_pmem_promotion_touch_rate_reset_interval	n/a	○	DB Cache PMEM promotion touch rate reset interval in sec
_db_cache_pmem_promotion_touch_rate_threshold_time	n/a	○	DB Cache PMEM promotion touch rate threshold time in sec
_db_cache_pmem_touch_rate_compare_per	n/a	○	DB Cache PMEM buffer touch rate additive percentage when comparingagainst dram touch rate
_db_cache_pmemp_len	n/a	○	DB Cache PMEM promotion list max length
_db_cache_pre_warm	○	○	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max	○	○	maximum number of cr pins a process may have
_db_cache_silicon_secured_memory	○	○	enable silicon secured memory
_db_cache_wait_debug	○	○	trace new kslwaits
_db_cache_xmem_promotion_algo_chosen	n/a	○	DB Cache Xmem/Pmem promotion algo
_db_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of extended memory data area for buffer cache DEFAULT pool
_db_change_notification_enable	○	○	enable db change notification
_db_check_cell_hints	○	○
_db_disable_temp_encryption	○	○	Disable Temp Encryption for Spills
_db_discard_lost_masterkey	○	○	discard lost masterkey handles
_db_dump_from_disk_and_efc	○	○	dump contents from disk and efc
_db_dw_scan_adaptive_cooling	○	○	if TRUE, enable adaptive DW scan cooling
_db_dw_scan_max_shadow_count	○	○	DW Scan adaptive cooling max shadow count
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_factor	○	○	DW Scan object cooling factor to cool all temperatures
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_interval	○	○	DW Scan object cooling interval in number of scans, seconds, or pct of cache size
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_policy	○	○	DW scan objtect cooling policy
_db_dw_scan_obj_warming_increment	○	○	DW Scan object warming increment when an object is scanned
_db_fast_obj_check	○	○	enable fast object drop sanity check
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	○	○	enable fast object checkpoint
_db_fast_obj_truncate	○	○	enable fast object truncate
_db_file_direct_io_count	○	○	Sequential I/O buf size
_db_file_exec_read_count	○	○	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_file_format_io_buffers	○	○	Block formatting I/O buf count
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	○	○	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	○	○	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_flash_cache_disable_write_batchsize	○	○	Flash cache disable writes processing batchsize
_db_flash_cache_encryption	○	○	Set _db_flash_cache_encryption to enable flash cache encryption
_db_flash_cache_force_replenish_limit	○	○	Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers
_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	○	○	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flash_cache_max_latency	○	○	Flash cache maximum latency allowed in 10 milliseconds
_db_flash_cache_max_outstanding_writes	○	○	Flash cache maximum outstanding writes allowed
_db_flash_cache_max_read_retry	○	○	Flash cache max read retry
_db_flash_cache_max_slow_io	○	○	Flash cache maximum slow io allowed
_db_flash_cache_slow_io_adjustment_interval	○	○	Decrement interval
_db_flash_cache_write_limit	○	○	Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flashback_iobuf_size	○	○	Flashback IO Buffer Size
_db_flashback_log_min_size	○	○	Minimum flashback database log size in bytes
_db_flashback_log_min_total_space	○	○	Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes
_db_flashback_num_iobuf	○	○	Flashback Number of IO buffers
_db_full_caching	○	○	enable full db implicit caching
_db_full_db_cache_diff_pct	○	○	Cache at least this % larger than DB size for full db caching
_db_generate_dummy_masterkey	○	○	if TRUE, use old havior and generate dummy master key
_db_handles	○	○	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
_db_handles_cached	○	○	Buffer handles cached each process
_db_hot_block_tracking	○	○	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
_db_imoltp_hashidx_force_nonctg	○	○	kcbw imoltp hash index force non contig granules
_db_index_block_checking	○	○	index block checking override parameter
_db_initial_cachesize_create_mb	○	○	size of cache created at startup
_db_keep_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory
_db_l2_tracing	○	○	flash cache debug tracing
_db_large_dirty_queue	○	○	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
_db_link_sources_tracking	○	○	enable/disable database link source tracking
_db_lost_write_checking	○	○	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
_db_lost_write_corrupt_block	○	○	allow corruption for lost write
_db_lost_write_tracing	○	○	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
_db_minimum_auxsize_percent	○	○	min percent of aux buffers to be maintained before using aux2
_db_mttr_advice	○	○	MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_partitions	○	○	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_sample_factor	○	○	MTTR simulation sampling factor
_db_mttr_sim_target	○	○	MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	○	○	MTTR simulation trace size
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	○	○	dump trace entries to alert file
_db_noarch_disble_optim	○	○	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
_db_num_evict_waitevents	○	○	number of evict wait events
_db_num_gsm	○	○	database number in gsm dbpool
_db_nvm_promotion_deferred_tchcnt	n/a	○	touch count threshold which allows deferred background based nvm buffer promotion
_db_obj_enable_ksr	○	○	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
_db_percent_hot_default	○	○	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_keep	○	○	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_recycle	○	○	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	○	○	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
_db_pmem_auto_resize_interval	n/a	○	PMEM auto resize interval in minutes
_db_pmem_direct_map_size	n/a	○	Size of direct mappable PMEM buffer cache
_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	○	○	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest	○	○	default database recovery temporal file location
_db_recycle_cache_xmem_size	○	○	Size of Recycle buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory
_db_replay_security_config	n/a	○	Database Replay Security Configuration
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	○	○	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
_db_row_overlap_checking	○	○	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
_db_shadow_lost_write_protect	○	○	alter shadow lost write detection for PDB
_db_todefer_cache_create	○	○	buffer cache deferred create
_db_writer_chunk_writes	○	○	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	○	○	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
_db_writer_coalesce_encrypted_buffers	○	○	Coalecsing for encrypted buffers
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	○	○	Limit on size of coalesced write
_db_writer_flush_imu	○	○	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	○	○	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
_db_writer_max_writes	○	○	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	○	○	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
_db_writer_verify_writes	○	○	Enable lost write detection mechanism
_db_xmem_cache_encryption	○	○	Set _db_xmem_cache_encryption to enable XMEM cache encryption
_db_xmem_hot_switch_criteria	○	○	Xmem buffer touch count which makes this buffer candidate of switching to DRAM buffer	Xmem/Pmem buffer touch count which makes this buffer candidate of switching to DRAM buffer
_dbcomp_maxdump	○	○	Maximum # of dumped blocks per datafile
_dbcomp_msg_ver	○	○	database block compare message version
_dbfs_modify_implicit_fetch	○	○	DBFS Link allows implicit fetch on modify - only on SecureFiles
_dbfs_symlink_path_prefix	○	○	allow or disallow symlink creation in dbfs outside path_prefix	disallow symbolic link creation in dbfs outside path_prefix
_dbg_proc_startup	○	○	debug process startup
_dbg_scan	○	○	generic scan debug
_dbms_sql_security_level	○	○	Security level in DBMS_SQL
_dbmsumf$$1x	○	○	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$2x	○	○	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$3x	○	○	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$nn	○	○	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$p	○	○	UMF Configuration
_dbnest_enable	○	○	dbNest enable
_dbnest_pdb_fs_conf	○	○	PDB Filesystem configuration
_dbnest_pdb_fs_type	○	○	PDB FS Type
_dbnest_pdb_scm_conf	○	○	PDB SCM configuration
_dbnest_pdb_scm_level	○	○	PDB SCM Level
_dbnest_resource_opts	n/a	○	dbNest - resource options
_dbnest_skip_fed_root	n/a	○	Fed root is skipped so CDB nest is root of all pdbs
_dbnest_stage_dir	○	○	Staging directory configuration
_dbop_enabled	○	○	Any positive number enables automatic DBOP monitoring. 0 is disabled
_dbopen_breakpoint	n/a	○	ALTER DATABASE OPEN codepath breakpoint
_dbpool_name	○	○	gsm database pool name
_dbreplay_feature_control	○	○	Database Replay Feature Control
_dbreplay_mpk_key	n/a	○	Database Replay Package Key
_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	○	○	DBRM dynamic threshold setting
_dbrm_num_runnable_list	○	○	Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node
_dbrm_quantum	○	○	DBRM quantum
_dbrm_runchk	○	○	Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check
_dbrm_short_wait_us	○	○	Resource Manager short wait length
_dbwr_async_io	○	○	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
_dbwr_flashlock_shrink_limit	○	○	limit to shrink le to flash lock per dbwr iteration
_dbwr_nowrite_assert_interval	○	○	dbwriter assert interval after no write seconds
_dbwr_nwp_assert_interval	○	○	dbwriter no write permission assert interval after no write seconds
_dbwr_scan_interval	○	○	dbwriter scan interval
_dbwr_stall_write_detection_interval	○	○	dbwriter stall write detection interval
_dbwr_tracing	○	○	Enable dbwriter tracing
_dd_validate_remote_locks	○	○	GES deadlock detection validate remote locks
_dde_flood_control_init	○	○	Initialize Flood Control at database open
_ddlapply_enable	n/a	○	DDL VIA APPLY Enable
_dead_process_scan_interval	○	○	PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_deadlock_diagnostic_level	○	○	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
_deadlock_record_to_alert_log	○	○	record resolved deadlocks to the alert log
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_always	○	○	create incidents when resolving any deadlock?
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	○	○	create incidents during deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_level	○	○	automatic deadlock resolution level
_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	○	○	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	○	○	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal
_dedicated_server_poll_count	○	○	dedicated server poll count
_dedicated_server_post_wait	○	○	dedicated server post/wait
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	○	○	dedicated server post/wait call
_default_encrypt_alg	○	○	default encryption algorithm
_default_ini_trans_index	n/a	○	Default value of INI_TRANS enforced by DWCS lockdown for indexes
_default_ini_trans_table	n/a	○	Default value of INI_TRANS enforced by DWCS lockdown for tables
_default_non_equality_sel_check	○	○	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_default_oracle_fs_type	n/a	○	default file system type for an oracle file system
_default_pct_free	○	○	Default value of PCT_FREE enforced by DWCS lockdown
_default_service	n/a	○	Run default service
_defer_eor_orl_arch_for_so	○	○	defer EOR ORL archival for switchover
_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	○	○	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
_defer_log_count	○	○	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind
_defer_rcv_during_sw_to_sby	○	○	Defer recovery during switchover to standby
_defer_rcv_pdb_attach	n/a	○	Defer PDB domain attach in instance recovery
_defer_rewrap_controlfile_key_history	n/a	○	if TRUE, defer rewrap control file TS keys under next PDB open
_defer_sga_alloc_chunk_size	○	○	Chunk size for defer sga allocation
_defer_sga_enabled	○	○	Enable deferred shared memory allocation for SGA
_defer_sga_min_spsz_at_startup	○	○	Minimum shared pool size at startup with deferred sga enabled
_defer_sga_min_total_defer_segs_sz	○	○	Minimum total deferred segs size for defer sga allocation
_defer_sga_test_alloc_intv	○	○	SA** sleeps for N secs before allocating a deferred segment
_defer_while_patching	○	○	Session should be deferred if patching is secheduled
_deferred_constant_folding_mode	○	○	Deferred constant folding mode
_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	○	○	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)
_deferred_seg_in_seed	○	○	Enable Deferred Segment Creation in Seed
_delay_index_maintain	○	○	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
_delete_ghost_data	○	○	Test delete ghost data
_deq_execute_reset_time	○	○	deq execute reset time
_deq_ht_child_latches	○	○	deq ht child latches
_deq_ht_max_elements	○	○	deq ht max elements
_deq_large_txn_size	○	○	deq large txn size
_deq_log_array_size	○	○	deq log array size
_deq_max_fetch_count	○	○	deq max fetch count
_deq_maxwait_time	○	○	Change wait times between dequeue calls
_desired_readmem_rate	○	○	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
_df_hist_offl_override	○	○	Allow update of keep offline bit in datafile history record
_dg_broker_trace_level	○	○	data guard broker trace level
_dg_cf_check_timer	○	○	Data Guard controlfile check timer
_dg_corrupt_redo_log	○	○	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
_dgb_dgpdb_appst	n/a	○	DGPDBs with apply state off
_dgpdb_file_name_convert	n/a	○	datafile name convert patterns and strings for per PDB standby
_dgpdb_standby_controlfile_name	n/a	○	a name template with three %u's for DGPDB standby controlfile
_diag_adl_dyn_alloc	○	○	Enable Diag Alert Dynamic Allocation
_diag_adr_auto_purge	○	○	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
_diag_adr_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
_diag_adr_test_param	○	○	Test parameter for Diagnosability
_diag_adr_trace_dest	○	○	diagnosability trace directory path
_diag_alert_root_annotate	○	○	Enable annotation for alert log entries from root
_diag_arb_before_kill	○	○	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
_diag_attn_log_format_error	○	○	Attention Log Error Entry format
_diag_attn_log_format_standard	○	○	Attention Log Standard Entry format
_diag_backward_compat	○	○	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
_diag_cc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
_diag_cdb_logging	○	○	Format for CDB Annotation
_diag_conf_cap_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
_diag_crashdump_level	○	○	parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG during crash
_diag_daemon	○	○	start DIAG daemon
_diag_dde_async_age_limit	○	○	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	○	○	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_mode	○	○	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	○	○	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
_diag_dde_async_msgs	○	○	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers
_diag_dde_async_process_rate	○	○	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop
_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	○	○	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_slaves	○	○	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes
_diag_dde_enabled	○	○	enable DDE handling of critical errors
_diag_dde_fc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	○	○	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	○	○	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	○	○	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)
_diag_diagnostics	○	○	Turn off diag diagnostics
_diag_dump_request_debug_level	○	○	DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)
_diag_dump_timeout	○	○	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
_diag_enable_startup_events	○	○	enable events in instance startup notifiers
_diag_hm_rc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
_diag_hm_tc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
_diag_large_packets	○	○	DIA* large packets support
_diag_patch_cap_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Patch Configuration Capture
_diag_pdb_control	○	○	DIAG PDB Space Management Control Parameter
_diag_pdb_purge_target	○	○	Controls target percentage for ADR PDB Auto Purge Operation
_diag_pdb_purge_threshold	○	○	Controls threshold for ADR PDB Auto Purge Operation
_diag_proc_enabled	○	○	enable hung process diagnostic API
_diag_proc_max_time_ms	○	○	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds
_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	○	○	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
_diag_test_seg_reinc_mode	○	○	Sets trace segmentation to be in reincarnation mode
_diag_uts_control	○	○	UTS control parameter
_diag_verbose_error_on_init	○	○	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
_diag_xm_enabled	○	○	If TRUE, DIAG allows message exchanges across DB/ASM boundary
_dimension_skip_null	○	○	control dimension skip when null feature
_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	○	○	Skip current slot on error
_direct_io_slots	○	○	number of slots for direct path I/O
_direct_io_via_mapped_pmem	n/a	○	if TRUE, direct path I/O will attempt to memory map files on PMEM
_direct_io_wslots	○	○	number of write slots for direct path I/O
_direct_path_insert_features	○	○	disable direct path insert features
_direct_read_decision_statistics_driven	○	○	enable direct read decision based on optimizer statistics
_dirty_appliance_mode	○	○	Enable appliance mode even on non-appliance
_disable_12751	○	○	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
_disable_12cbigfile	○	○	DIsable Storing ILM Statistics in 12cBigFiles
_disable_active_influx_move	○	○	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery
_disable_actualization_for_grant	○	○	disable actualization of editioned objects on grant
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	○	○	adaptive shrunk aggregation
_disable_adp_adj_buf_check	○	○	No adjacent buffer check for ADP
_disable_appliance_check	○	○	Disable appliance-specific code
_disable_appliance_partnering	○	○	Disable appliance partnering algorithms
_disable_asm_audit_feat	○	○	disable ASM audit features
_disable_autotune_gtx	○	○	disable autotune global transaction background processes
_disable_block_checking	○	○	disable block checking at the session level
_disable_block_corruption_track	n/a	○	disable block corruption tracking
_disable_cdb_view_rc_invalidation	○	○	disable Result Cache invalidation for CDB View results
_disable_cell_optimized_backups	○	○	disable cell optimized backups
_disable_con_recurse_queuing	○	○	disable parallel statement queuing for containers() recursive SQL
_disable_cpu_check	○	○	disable cpu_count check
_disable_cursor_sharing	○	○	disable cursor sharing
_disable_data_block_check_after_decrypt	○	○	if TRUE, disable data block check after decryption
_disable_datalayer_sampling	○	○	disable datalayer sampling
_disable_dblink_optim	○	○	disable intra CDB dblink optimizations
_disable_def_seg_update	○	○	Disable deferred seg$ update
_disable_destructive_patch_operation	○	○	Is destructive operation allowed in a patch
_disable_dict_check_pdb_open	○	○	disable PDB pseudo open for dictionary check purpose
_disable_directory_link_check	○	○	Disable directory link checking
_disable_duplex_link	○	○	Turn off connection duplexing
_disable_duplicate_service_warning	○	○	disable listener warning for duplicate service
_disable_fast_aggregation	○	○	fast aggregation
_disable_fast_validate	○	○	disable PL/SQL fast validation
_disable_fastopen	○	○	Do Not Use Fastopen
_disable_fba_qrw	○	○	disable flashback archiver query rewrite
_disable_fba_wpr	○	○	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions
_disable_file_locks	○	○	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
_disable_file_resize_logging	○	○	disable file resize logging to alert log
_disable_flashback_archiver	○	○	disable flashback archiver	disable flashback archiver
_disable_flashback_recyclebin_opt	○	○	Don't use the Flashback Recyclebin optimization
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	○	○	Disable flashback wait callback
_disable_foreign_scn_adjust	n/a	○	Disable foreign SCN adjustment
_disable_function_based_index	○	○	disable function-based index matching
_disable_gvaq_cache	○	○	Disable cache
_disable_hcc_array_insert	○	○	TRUE - enable conventional inserts into HCC CUs
_disable_health_check	○	○	Disable Health Check
_disable_highres_ticks	○	○	disable high-res tick counter
_disable_ilm_internal	n/a	○	Force disable internal ilm stats and drop ilm segment
_disable_image_check	○	○	Disable Oracle executable image checking
_disable_implicit_row_movement	○	○	disable implicit row movement
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	○	○	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	○	○	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
_disable_index_block_prefetching	○	○	disable index block prefetching
_disable_inheritpriv_grant_public	○	○	Disable inherit privilege grant to PUBLIC for newly created users
_disable_initial_block_compression	○	○	disable initial block compression
_disable_instance_params_check	○	○	disable instance type check for ksp
_disable_interface_checking	○	○	disable interface checking at startup
_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	○	○	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	○	○	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	○	○	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
_disable_kgghshcrc32_osd	○	○	disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality
_disable_last_successful_login_time	n/a	○	Disable writing Last Successful Login Time to USER$
_disable_logging	○	○	Disable logging
_disable_lostwrite_tablespace_alerts	○	○	disable tablespace alerts for LOSTWRITE tablespaces
_disable_mandatory_profile_onclone	n/a	○	Disable Mandatory Profile check on clone of a PDB
_disable_marking_noops	n/a	○	Don't mark any captured statements as no-ops.
_disable_metrics_group	○	○	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
_disable_modsvc_refresh	○	○	disable modify service cache refresh
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	○	○	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
_disable_odm	○	○	disable odm feature
_disable_oradebug_commands	○	○	disable execution of certain categories of oradebug commands
_disable_orphan_pdb_recovery	n/a	○	Disable PDB PITR/FB to orphan PDB incarnation
_disable_os_time_page	○	○	disable OS time page
_disable_parallel_conventional_load	○	○	Disable parallel conventional loads
_disable_pdb_space_check	n/a	○	Disable pdb storage usage check in the session
_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	○	○	disable primary bitmap switch
_disable_ptl_replay	○	○	Is PTL replay disabled during Application Sync
_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	○	○	Disable read-only open dictionary check
_disable_rebalance_space_check	○	○	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_recovery_read_skip	○	○	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
_disable_rolling_patch	○	○	Disable Rolling Patch Feature
_disable_sample_io_optim	○	○	disable row sampling IO optimization
_disable_savepoint_reset	○	○	disable the fix for bug 1402161
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	○	○	Disable self-tune checkpointing
_disable_sensitive_internal	○	○	disable internal SQL from showing sensitive information
_disable_sga_filedel	n/a	○	disable deletion of files used for SGA
_disable_storage_type	○	○	Disable storage type checks
_disable_streams_diagnostics	○	○	streams diagnostics
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	○	○	disable streams pool auto tuning
_disable_sun_rsm	○	○	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
_disable_system_state	○	○	disable system state dump
_disable_system_state_wait_samples	○	○	Disable system state dump - wait samples
_disable_system_tablespaces_enc_enforcement	○	○	if TRUE, disable system tablespaces encryption enforcement
_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	○	○	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
_disable_thread_internal_disable	○	○	Disable thread internal disable feature
_disable_thread_snapshot	○	n/a	Thread snapshot
_disable_txn_alert	○	○	disable txn layer alert
_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	○	○	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
_disable_wait_state	○	○	Disable wait state
_discard_cmn_ddl_in_pdb_err	○	○	Discard error when Common DDL is attempted in PDB
_discrete_transactions_enabled	○	○	enable OLTP mode
_disk_sector_size_override	○	○	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
_diskmon_pipe_name	○	○	DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
_disksize_binary_search	○	○	if set, perform binary search to get disk size if IOCTL fails
_dispatcher_listen_on_vip	○	○	Determines if dispatcher listens on VIP if no HOST is supplied
_dispatcher_rate_scale	○	○	scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl	○	○	time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_agg_optimization_gsets	○	○	Use Distinct Aggregate Optimization for Grouping Sets
_distinct_view_unnesting	○	○	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	○	○	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
_disttxn_for_queries	○	○	remote queries start distributed transaction
_dlm_cache_warmup_slaves	○	○	Number of DLM cache warm up slaves
_dlm_stats_collect	○	○	DLM statistics collection(0 = disable, 1 = enable (default))
_dlm_stats_collect_du_limit	○	○	DLM statistics collection disk updates per slot
_dlm_stats_collect_mode	○	○	DLM statistics collection mode
_dlm_stats_collect_slot_interval	○	○	DLM statistics collection slot interval (in seconds)
_dlmtrace	○	○	Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_dmf_details_compatibility	○	○	set dm dmf details compatibility version
_dm_enable_legacy_dmf_output_types	○	○	revert dmf output types to pre-12.1.0.1
_dm_inmemory_threshold	○	○	In-memory cardinality threshold
_dm_max_chunk_size	○	○	Data Mining Max Chunk Size
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	○	○	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
_dml_batch_error_limit	○	○	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
_dml_frequency_tracking	○	○	Control DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_advance	○	○	Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML frequencies
_dml_frequency_tracking_slot_time	○	○	Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_slots	○	○	Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking
_dml_monitoring_enabled	○	○	enable modification monitoring
_dmm_auto_max_features	○	○	Auto Max Features
_dmm_blas_library	○	○	Control which BLAS/LAPACK dynamic library to load
_dmm_cnt_arr_size_threshold	○	○	Counts Array Size Threshold
_dmm_details_filter_weight	○	○	Filter details based on weight
_dmm_force_treetop_merge	○	○	Force Treetop Merge
_dmm_inc_cholesky_rows	○	○	Incomplete Cholesky number of rows
_dmm_ipp_cutoff	○	○	Intra-Partition Parallel size cutoff
_dmm_kmean_dense_threshold	○	○	Kmean densify threshold
_dmm_max_memory_size	○	○	Maximum Memory Size
_dmm_memory_size	○	○	Memory Size
_dmm_nobin_threshold	○	○	No Binning Row Count Threshold
_dmm_pga_load_threshold	○	○	Model size less than threshold are loaded into PGA
_dmm_reduction_rate	○	○	Reduction rate in reduction tree
_dmm_sample_lower_threshold	○	○	Minimum Sample Size
_dmm_sample_upper_threshold	○	○	Maximum Sample Size
_dmm_ser_test	n/a	○	Stress testing for serialized models
_dmm_ts_lapack	○	○	Enable usage of BLAS/LAPACK for Tall Skinny SVD
_dmm_xgboost_max_memory	n/a	○	xgboost maximum memory
_dmsqr_qr_chunk_rows	○	○	QR maximum chunk rows
_dnfs_rdma_enable	○	○	Enable dNFS RDMA transfers
_dnfs_rdma_max	○	○	Maximum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
_dnfs_rdma_min	○	○	Minimum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
_domain_index_batch_size	○	○	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	○	○	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
_dp_force_length_semantics	n/a	○	Force nls length semantics
_dra_bmr_number_threshold	○	○	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	○	○	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed
_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	○	○	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA
_drm_parallel_freeze	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze
_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	○	○	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation
_drop_stat_segment	○	○	drop ilm statistics segment
_drop_table_granule	○	○	drop_table_granule
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	○	○	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
_drop_tablespace_objects	○	○	GDR: drop all tablespace objects
_ds_enable_auto_txn	○	○	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_ds_enable_view_sampling	○	○	Use sampling for views in Dynamic Sampling
_ds_iocount_iosize	○	○	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
_ds_parse_model	○	○	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
_ds_progressive_initial_samples	○	○	Number of initial samples used for progressive sampling
_ds_progressive_no_matches_min_sample_size	○	○	Minimum sample size at which progressive sampling report no match
_ds_sampling_method	○	○	Dynamic sampling method used
_ds_xt_split_count	○	○	Dynamic Sampling Service: split count for external tables
_dsc_feature_level	○	○	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation
_dskm_health_check_cnt	○	○	DiSKMon health check counter
_dskm_single_instance	○	○	DSKM and Diskmon operating in Single Instance mode
_dss_cache_flush	○	○	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
_dss_cache_flush_threshold	○	○	threshold when thread ckpt considered over obj ckpt
_dtree_area_size	○	○	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
_dtree_binning_enabled	○	○	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
_dtree_max_surrogates	○	○	maximum number of surrogates
_dtree_pruning_enabled	○	○	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
_dummy_instance	○	○	dummy instance started by RMAN
_dump_10261_level	○	○	Dump level for event 10261, 1=>minimal dump 2=>top pga dump
_dump_common_subexpressions	○	○	dump common subexpressions
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	○	○	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	○	○	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
_dump_interval_limit	○	○	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
_dump_max_limit	○	○	max number of dump within dump interval
_dump_qbc_tree	○	○	dump top level query parse tree to trace
_dump_rcvr_ipc	○	○	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
_dump_scn_increment_stack	○	○	Dumps scn increment stack per session
_dump_system_state_scope	○	○	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
_dump_trace_scope	○	○	scope of trace dump during a process crash
_duplicated_table_complete_refresh_percent	○	○	percent threshold for duplicated table to do complete refresh
_dupt_noupdate	○	○	disable duplicated table updates
_dynamic_hash_bucket_array	n/a	○	dynamic hash bucket array
_dynamic_processes_force_timeout	n/a	○	dynamic process force timeout
_dynamic_processes_max_oom_timeout	n/a	○	dynamic process max timeout for out of memory
_dynamic_processes_wait_timeout	n/a	○	dynamic process wait timeout for new process
_dynamic_rls_policies	○	○	rls policies are dynamic
_dynamic_sequence_cache	○	○	Enable/disable sequence dynamic cache sizing
_dynamic_sequence_cache_max	○	○	Sequence dynamic cache maximum size
_dynamic_sequence_cache_scale	○	○	Max scale factor for dynamic sequence cache size
_dynamic_sessions_force_timeout	○	○	dynamic session force timeout
_dynamic_sessions_inc_count	○	○	dynamic session increment count
_dynamic_sessions_max_oom_timeout	○	○	dynamic session max timeout for out of memory
_dynamic_sessions_min_force_timeout	○	○	dynamic min session force timeout
_dynamic_sessions_wait_timeout	○	○	dynamic session wait timeout for new session
_dynamic_share_range_factor	○	○	dynamic share range factor
_dynamic_stats_threshold	○	○	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
_early_flush_delta	○	○	SCN delta to trigger early log flush
_edition_enable_oracle_users	○	○	Edition enable Oracle supplied users
_eighteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	eighteenth spare parameter - integer
_eighteenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	eighteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_eighth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	eighth spare parameter - integer
_eighth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	eighth spare pdb parameter - integer
_eightieth_spare_parameter	○	○	eightieth spare parameter - integer
_eighty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-eighth spare parameter - string
_eighty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-fifth spare parameter - string
_eighty-first_spare_parameter	○	n/a	eighty-first spare parameter - string
_eighty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-fourth spare parameter - string
_eighty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-ninth spare parameter - string
_eighty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-seventh spare parameter - string
_eighty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-sixth spare parameter - string
_eighty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	eighty-third spare parameter - string
_eleventh_spare_parameter	○	○	eleventh spare parameter - integer
_eleventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	eleventh spare pdb parameter - integer
_eliminate_common_subexpr	○	○	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
_emon_max_active_connections	○	○	maximum open connections to clients per emon
_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	○	○	timeout for completing connection set up to clients
_emon_pool_inc	○	○	increment in EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_pool_max	○	○	maximum number of EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_pool_min	○	○	minimum number of EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	○	○	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications
_emon_send_timeout	○	○	send timeout after which the client is unregistered
_emx_control	○	○	EM Express control (internal use only)
_emx_max_sessions	○	○	Maximum number of sessions in the EM Express cache
_emx_session_timeout	○	○	Session timeout (sec) in the EM Express cache
_ena_storage_lmt	○	○	Enable storage clause for LMT
_enable_12g_bft	○	○	enable 12g bigfile tablespace
_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	○	○	enable front end view optimization
_enable_NUMA_interleave	○	○	Enable NUMA interleave mode
_enable_NUMA_optimization	○	○	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
_enable_NUMA_support	○	○	Enable NUMA support and optimizations
_enable_asyncvio	○	○	enable asynch vectored I/O
_enable_auto_upgrade	○	n/a	Enable automatic PDB upgrade
_enable_automatic_maintenance	○	○	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
_enable_automatic_sqltune	○	○	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	○	○	enable block level recovery
_enable_buffer_header_history	○	○	if TRUE, records operation history in buffer headers
_enable_bug_29838374	n/a	○	enable/disable bug fix 29838374
_enable_cdb_all_sync	n/a	○	Is CDB-wide ALL sync enabled
_enable_cdb_upgrade_capture	○	○	Enable capture of CDB upgrade
_enable_check_truncate	○	○	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate
_enable_columnar_cache	○	○	Enable Columnar Flash Cache Rewrite
_enable_containers_subquery	○	○	enable transformation to containers() sub query
_enable_cscn_caching	○	○	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
_enable_dbwr_auto_tracing	○	○	enable dbwriter auto-tracing
_enable_dbwr_parallel_invalidations	n/a	○	if TRUE, enables flush and invalidate by DBWRs
_enable_ddl_wait_lock	○	○	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
_enable_default_affinity	○	○	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
_enable_default_temp_threshold	○	○	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces
_enable_default_undo_threshold	○	○	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	○	○	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
_enable_drop_clone	○	○	Is drop of a Root Clone allowed
_enable_dynamic_processes	n/a	○	dynamic process SOs
_enable_dynamic_sessions	○	○	dynamic session SOs
_enable_editions_for_users	○	○	enable editions for all users
_enable_event_ports	○	○	Enable/Disable event ports
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	○	○	use check constraints on the table for validation
_enable_fast_file_zero	○	○	enable fast file zero code path
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	○	○	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
_enable_ffw	○	○	FAL FORWARDING
_enable_flash_logging	○	○	Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging
_enable_fsdirect_odmlib	n/a	○	enable or disable FsDirect static ODM library
_enable_fsdirect_pin	n/a	○	enable direct pin of FsDirect blocks
_enable_fsdirect_rac	n/a	○	enable FsDirect in RAC
_enable_gsm_listener_networks	n/a	○	gsm listener in listener networks
_enable_guid_endpoint_service	○	○	Enable service functionality for GUID service
_enable_hash_overflow	○	○	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
_enable_heatmap_internal	○	○	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_enable_http_digest_generation	○	○	generation of the HTTP Digest verifier is enabled
_enable_hwm_sync	○	○	enable HWM synchronization
_enable_iee_stats	○	○	enables IEE stats gathering
_enable_ignorable_error_capture	n/a	○	Capture statement if error is ignorable
_enable_ilm_flush_stats	○	○	Enable ILM Stats Flush
_enable_ilm_testflush_stats	○	○	Enable Test ILM Stats Flush
_enable_increase_lms_process	n/a	○	set to true to allow _increase_lms_process changes
_enable_ios_spm	○	○	Allow Split Mirror operations via IOServer
_enable_kernel_io_outliers	○	○	enable kernel I/O outlier feature
_enable_kqf_purge	○	○	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
_enable_list_io	○	○	Enable List I/O
_enable_load_from_clone	n/a	○	Is load from a Root Clone allowed
_enable_log_memory_protection_key	n/a	○	enable memory protection keys (log)
_enable_memory_protection_keys	n/a	○	Enable memory protection keys usage
_enable_metrics_allpdb	○	○	Enable/Disable Metrics for Root and all PDBs if applicable
_enable_metrics_pdb	○	○	Enable/Disable Metrics for this Non-Root PDB
_enable_midtier_affinity	○	○	enable midtier affinity metrics processing
_enable_minscn_cr	○	○	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
_enable_mle	n/a	○	enable MLE
_enable_module_match	○	○	Is match of module name enforced
_enable_multiple_fgprepares	○	○	Allow concurrent PREPAREs on the same database
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	○	○	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
_enable_nvm_dispatcher	○	○	Enable NVM Dispatcher	Enable NVM Dispatcher and/or DMPROC
_enable_obj_queues	○	○	enable object queues
_enable_offloaded_writes	○	○	Enable offloaded writes for Unit Test
_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	○	○	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock
_enable_os_cpu_rm	○	○	Enable OS CPU Resource Management	enable internal OSCPURM testing
_enable_parallel_dml	○	○	enables or disables parallel dml
_enable_partial_sync	○	○	Is partial sync of a Federation allowed
_enable_pdb_close_abort	○	○	Enable PDB shutdown abort (close abort)
_enable_pdb_close_noarchivelog	○	○	Enable PDB close abort with no archive logging
_enable_pdb_isolation	○	○	Enables Pluggable Database isolation inside a CDB
_enable_pdb_process_limit	○	○	Enable process limit as the number of sessions in the PDB.
_enable_pdb_skiplist_recovery	n/a	○	Enable pdb skip list setup during media recovery.
_enable_pdb_skiplist_redogen	n/a	○	Enable pdb skip list setup during redo generation.
_enable_per_container_acl	n/a	○	Enable Per Container ACL
_enable_perpdb_suplog	n/a	○	per pdb supplemental logging
_enable_plcmnt_pol_usage	○	○	enable placement policy usage
_enable_pluggable_database	○	○	Enable Pluggable Database
_enable_pmem_direct_cache	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable PMEM direct mapped buffers
_enable_pmem_exchange	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable PMEM exchange during promotion
_enable_pmem_prefetch	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable prefecting from PMEM
_enable_pmo_outside_begin_end	○	○	Enable PMO outside begin-end block
_enable_proxy_distr_txn	○	○	Enable Distributed Transaction in Proxy PDB
_enable_ptime_update_for_sys	n/a	○	Enable/Disable update of user$ for sys
_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	○	○	mv rewrite on remote table/view
_enable_redo_global_post	○	○	LGWR post globally on write
_enable_refresh_schedule	○	○	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
_enable_rejection_cache	○	○	Enable ASSM rejection cache
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	○	○	Enable reliable latch waits
_enable_rename_user	○	○	enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement
_enable_replay_upgrade_diag	○	○	Enable diagnostics for Replay Upgrade
_enable_rlb	○	○	enable RLB metrics processing
_enable_row_shipping	○	○	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
_enable_schema_synonyms	○	○	enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema synonyms
_enable_scn_wait_interface	○	○	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
_enable_secure_sub_role	○	○	Disallow enabling of secure sub roles
_enable_securefile_flashback_opt	○	○	Enable securefile flashback optimization
_enable_sensitive_trace	○	○	enable traces to contain sensitive information
_enable_separable_transactions	○	○	enable/disable separable transactions
_enable_shared_pool_durations	○	○	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
_enable_shared_server_sizing	○	○	Enable sizing manager for shared servers
_enable_shared_server_sizing_slope	○	○	Enable utility slope in sizing manager for shared servers
_enable_shared_server_vector_io	○	○	Enable shared server vector I/O
_enable_single_dgprepare	○	○	Disable concurrent PREPAREs in same disk group
_enable_space_preallocation	○	○	enable space pre-allocation
_enable_spacebg	○	○	enable space management background task
_enable_sysaux_gdr	○	○	GDR: Enable on SYSAUX	GDR: Enable on SYSAUX
_enable_system_app	○	○	Enable System app for CDB-wide common users
_enable_tablespace_alerts	○	○	enable tablespace alerts
_enable_tcpinfo_statistics	○	○	Enable TCP Info Statistics
_enable_tenant_id_check	n/a	○	Enable Tenant Id check for database link
_enable_tenant_id_transfer	n/a	○	Enable Tenant Id transfer
_enable_thr_kill	○	○	Enable/Disable thread directed signalling
_enable_type_dep_selectivity	○	○	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
_enable_unified_memory	n/a	○	Enable use of unified PGA pool
_enable_verbose_gdr	○	○	GDR: Enable verbose	GDR: Enable verbose
_enable_view_pdb	○	○	Enable Proxy PDB support
_endprot_chunk_comment	○	○	chunk comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_heap_comment	○	○	heap comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_stack_segments	n/a	○	overrun protection for kgh stack segments
_endprot_subheaps	○	○	selective overrun protection for subeheaps
_enforce_minimum_password_rollover_time	n/a	○	Enforce minimum PASSWORD_ROLLOVER_TIME of one hour
_enqueue_deadlock_detect_all_global_locks	○	○	enable deadlock detection on all global enqueues
_enqueue_deadlock_scan_secs	○	○	deadlock scan interval
_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	○	○	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	○	○	debug enqueue multi instance
_enqueue_hash	○	○	enqueue hash table length
_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	○	○	enqueue hash chain latches
_enqueue_locks	○	○	locks for managed enqueues
_enqueue_paranoia_mode_enabled	○	○	enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
_enqueue_resources	○	○	resources for enqueues
_enqueue_scan_interval	○	○	enqueue scan interval
_enqueue_sync_retry_attempts	○	○	max number of times the bg process to retry synchronous enqueue open if it failed because master could not allocate memory
_enqueue_sync_sim_mem_error	○	○	simulate master instance running out of memory when synchronously getting a remotely mastered enqueue
_enqueue_wall_clock_time	n/a	○	if TRUE, use KSUFTIME timer
_error_row_predicate_evaluation	○	○	skip predicate evaluation for error rows
_event_port_opts	○	○	Options for event ports
_evt_system_event_propagation	○	○	disable system event propagation
_exa_pmemlog_threshold_usec	n/a	○	maximum i/o time (usecs) for enabled Exadata PMEMLog
_exadata_feature_on	○	○	Exadata Feature On
_exclude_seed_cdb_view	○	○	exclude PDB$SEED from CDB View Result
_expand_aggregates	○	○	expand aggregates
_explain_rewrite_mode	○	○	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
_expression_tracking_elem_per_bucket	○	○	Number of expression usage statistics elements per hash bucket
_expression_tracking_latch_count	○	○	Number of latches for tracking expression usage statistics
_extended_pruning_enabled	○	○	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
_external_scn_activity_tracking	○	○	enable/disable external scn activity tracking
_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds	○	○	High delta SCN threshold in seconds
_external_scn_rejection_delta_threshold_minutes	○	○	external SCN rejection delta threshold in minutes
_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	○	○	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_external_table_hive_partition_restricted	○	○	restrict external tabel hive partition methods to Hive supported
_external_table_smart_scan	○	○	External Table Smart Scan
_extra_lmn_enabled	○	○	suppl logging for extra record enabled
_failover_svrcsum	n/a	○	enable server checksum to optimize failover
_fair_remote_cvt	○	○	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
_fairness_threshold	○	○	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
_fast_cr_clone	○	○	enable fast cr clone feature
_fast_cursor_reexecute	○	○	use more memory in order to get faster execution
_fast_dual_enabled	○	○	enable/disable fast dual
_fast_full_scan_enabled	○	○	enable/disable index fast full scan
_fast_index_maintenance	○	○	fast global index maintenance during PMOPs
_fast_psby_conversion	○	○	Enable fast physical standby conversion
_fastpin_enable	○	○	enable reference count based fast pins
_fatalprocess_redo_dump_time_limit	○	○	time limit, in secs, for diagnostic redo dumps by a fatal process
_fb_log_max_rereads	n/a	○	Maximum number of rereads after reading a corrupt flashback block
_fb_recovery_slave_count	n/a	○	Number of recovery slaves to be used by the FLASHBACK DATABASE
_fbda_adv_gbl_bscn_bcast_interval	n/a	○	flashback archiver broadcast interval to advance global barrier SCN
_fbda_busy_percentage	○	○	flashback archiver busy percentage
_fbda_debug_assert	○	○	flashback archiver debug assert for testing
_fbda_debug_mode	○	○	flashback archiver debug event for testing
_fbda_global_bscn_lag	○	○	flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
_fbda_inline_percentage	○	○	flashback archiver inline percentage
_fbda_rac_inactive_limit	○	○	flashback archiver rac inactive limit
_fbda_tcrv_cleanup_lag	○	○	flashback archiver tcrv cleanup lag in secs
_federation_max_root_clones	○	○	Maximum number of Federation Root Clones per Application	Maximum number of Root Clones per Root
_federation_script	○	○	Running a Federation script
_ffs_in_range_scan_threshold	n/a	○	threshold of min percentage of block read to use ffs in rs
_fg_fast_sync_slack_usecs	○	○	DAX log file sync sleep slack time
_fg_fast_sync_sleep_target_pct	○	○	DAX log file sync sleep target pct
_fg_fast_sync_sleep_usecs	○	○	DAX log file sync sleep time
_fg_fast_sync_spin_usecs	○	○	DAX log file sync spin time
_fg_iorm_slaves	○	○	ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
_fg_log_checksum	○	○	Checksum redo in foreground process
_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	○	○	Log file sync via usleep
_fic_algorithm_set	○	○	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
_fic_area_size	○	○	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
_fic_min_bmsize	○	○	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
_fifteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifteenth spare parameter - integer
_fifteenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifth spare parameter - integer
_fifth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifth spare pdb parameter - integer
_fiftieth_spare_parameter	○	○	fiftieth spare parameter - integer
_fiftieth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fiftieth spare pdb parameter - string list
_fifty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-eighth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-fifth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-first spare parameter - integer
_fifty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-fourth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-ninth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-second spare parameter - integer
_fifty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_fifty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-seventh spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_fifty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-sixth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_fifty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	fifty-third spare parameter - integer
_fifty-third_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fifty-third spare pdb parameter - boolean
_file_offline_sync_timeout	○	○	Timeout to sync file offline enqueue (secs)
_file_set_enqueue_timeout	○	○	Timeout to acquire file set enqueue (secs)
_file_size_increase_increment	○	○	Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
_filemap_dir	○	○	FILEMAP directory
_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	○	○	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
_first_spare_parameter	○	n/a	first spare parameter - integer
_first_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	first spare pdb parameter - integer
_fix_control	○	○	bug fix control parameter
_fix_fuzzy_scn	○	○	fix fuzzy SCN
_fixup_all_apps	n/a	○	Callback to fix up replay state of all applications
_fixup_app_pdb_status_in_root	n/a	○	application name whose PDB application status should be fixed up
_fixup_cdb_apps	n/a	○	Callback to fix up replay state of CDB-wide applications
_flashback_11_1_block_new_opt	○	○	use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	○	○	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
_flashback_archiver_partition_size	○	○	flashback archiver table partition size
_flashback_barrier_interval	○	○	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_copy_latches	○	○	Number of flashback copy latches
_flashback_database_test_only	○	○	Run Flashback Database in test mode
_flashback_delete_chunk_MB	○	○	Amount of flashback log (in MB) to delete in one attempt
_flashback_dynamic_enable	○	○	enable flashback enable code path
_flashback_dynamic_enable_failure	○	○	Simulate failures during dynamic enable
_flashback_enable_ra	○	○	Flashback enable read ahead
_flashback_format_chunk_mb	○	○	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using sync write
_flashback_format_chunk_mb_dwrite	○	○	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using delayed write
_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	○	○	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
_flashback_generation_buffer_size	○	○	flashback generation buffer size
_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	○	○	Flashback hint barrier percent
_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	○	○	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
_flashback_log_min_size	○	○	Minimum flashback log size
_flashback_log_rac_balance_factor	○	○	flashback log rac balance factor
_flashback_log_size	○	○	Flashback log size
_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	○	○	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	○	○	Enable flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_cache_size	○	○	Size of flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_for_every_grp	○	○	generate a new flashback marker for every GRP
_flashback_max_log_size	○	○	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	○	○	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_max_standby_sync_span	○	○	Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for flashback
_flashback_n_log_per_thread	○	○	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_prepare_log	○	○	Prepare Flashback logs in the background
_flashback_reclaim_monitor_window	○	○	Proactive flashback logs reclaimation window
_flashback_reclaim_speed_up	○	○	Proactive flashback logs reclaimation speed up
_flashback_size_based_on_redo	○	○	Size new flashback logs based on average redo log size
_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	○	○	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_standby_check_barrier_MIRA	○	○	Flashback standby check barrier generation in seconds
_flashback_standby_check_minpfh_MIRA	○	○	Flashback standby check minimum high fuzzy scn in seconds
_flashback_stby_support_mira	○	○	Flashback database on standby supports MIRA
_flashback_validate_controlfile	○	○	validate flashback pointers in controlfile for 11.2.0.2 database
_flashback_verbose_info	○	○	Print verbose information about flashback database
_flashback_write_max_loop_limit	○	○	Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
_flush_ilm_stats	○	○	flush ilm stats
_flush_log_buffer_force	○	○	Flush log buffer force
_flush_log_buffer_timeout	○	○	Flush log buffer wait time in seconds
_flush_plan_in_awr_sql	○	○	Plan is being flushed from an AWR flush SQL
_flush_redo_to_standby	○	○	Flush redo to standby test parameter
_flush_undo_after_tx_recovery	○	○	if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
_fob_dgaalloc	○	○	Fob structure allocation from Domain Global Area memory
_fob_ospshare	○	○	Fob structure and file descriptor sharing between threads with-in an OSP in MPMT environment
_force_arch_compress	○	○	Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_cloud_on	○	○	simulate EHCC code path enable in Cloud Database
_force_containers_subquery	○	○	force transformation to containers() sub query
_force_datefold_trunc	○	○	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
_force_dax_io_err	n/a	○	Force I/O error on online/standby redo log
_force_hash_join_spill	○	○	force hash join to spill to disk
_force_hsc_compress	○	○	compress all newly created tables
_force_java_pool_zero	○	○	force java pool size to be zero bytes
_force_local_temp	○	○	For testing only Forces temporary tablespaces to be LOCAL
_force_logging_in_upgrade	○	○	force logging during upgrade mode
_force_oltp_compress	○	○	OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_oltp_update_opt	○	○	OLTP Compressed row optimization on update
_force_partial_compress	○	○	Force using OLTP Partial Compression
_force_pmem_direct_mapped_cache_scan	n/a	○	if TRUE, force PMEM mapped direct path scan to cache path scan
_force_rewrite_enable	○	○	control new query rewrite features
_force_slave_mapping_intra_part_loads	○	○	Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
_force_standard_compile	○	○	force compilation of STANDARD
_force_sys_compress	○	○	Sys compress
_force_temp_space_cleanup	○	○	Force temp space cleanup after PDB close
_force_temptables_for_gsets	○	○	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
_force_tmp_segment_loads	○	○	Force tmp segment loads
_forced_endian_type	○	○	Forced endian type of data dictionary
_fortieth_spare_parameter	○	○	fortieth spare parameter - integer
_fortieth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fortieth spare pdb parameter - string
_forty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_forty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-eighth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_forty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-fifth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-first spare parameter - integer
_forty-first_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-first spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_forty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-fourth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_forty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-ninth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-second spare parameter - integer
_forty-second_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-second spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_forty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-seventh spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_forty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-sixth spare pdb parameter - string list
_forty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	forty-third spare parameter - integer
_forty-third_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	forty-third spare pdb parameter - string list
_forwarded_2pc_threshold	○	○	auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across RAC instances
_fourteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	fourteenth spare parameter - integer
_fourteenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fourteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_fourth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	fourth spare parameter - integer
_fourth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	fourth spare pdb parameter - integer
_frame_cache_time	○	○	number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
_freeze_kgh_timestamp	○	○	prevent heap manager timestamp from advancing
_fsdirect_fast_file_create	n/a	○	Allow optimized file creation path for FsDirects
_full_diag_on_rim	○	○	rim nodes have full DIA* function
_full_pwise_join_enabled	○	○	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
_fusion_security	○	○	Fusion Security
_gas_partition_size	○	○	Global Address Space Partition Size for each instance
_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	○	○	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
_gby_onekey_enabled	○	○	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
_gby_vector_aggregation_enabled	○	○	enable group-by and aggregation using vector scheme
_gc_affinity_locking	○	○	if TRUE, enable object affinity
_gc_affinity_locks	○	○	if TRUE, get affinity locks
_gc_affinity_ratio	○	○	dynamic object affinity ratio
_gc_anti_lock_ratio	○	○	dynamic object anti-lock ratio
_gc_async_receive	○	n/a	if TRUE, receive blocks asynchronously
_gc_async_send	○	○	if TRUE, send blocks asynchronously
_gc_bg_merge	○	○	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the background
_gc_blocking_pins	○	○	if TRUE, record a histogram of blocking pins
_gc_buckets_per_latch	○	○	number of hash buckets per latch
_gc_bypass_readers	○	○	if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
_gc_check_bscn	○	○	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	○	○	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
_gc_cr_server_read_wait	○	○	if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
_gc_defer_ping_index_only	○	○	if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
_gc_defer_time	○	○	how long to defer pings for hot buffers in microseconds
_gc_delay_ping	○	○	if TRUE, delay pings to hot blocks
_gc_disable_cell_populate	n/a	○	if TRUE, disable cell ram cache populate
_gc_disable_s_lock_brr_ping_check	○	○	if TRUE, disable S lock BRR ping check for lost write protect
_gc_down_convert_after_keep	○	○	if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
_gc_down_convert_after_write	n/a	○	if TRUE, down-convert lock after a write
_gc_drm_windows	○	○	number of DRM windows
_gc_dump_remote_lock	○	○	if TRUE, dump remote lock
_gc_element_percent	○	○	global cache element percent
_gc_enable_cr_bypass	○	○	if TRUE, enable CR bypass mechanism
_gc_fast_index_split_timeout	n/a	○	fast index split wait timeout
_gc_fast_index_split_wait	○	○	fast index split wait usn array size
_gc_fg_merge	○	○	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the foreground
_gc_fg_spin_time	○	○	foreground msgq spin time
_gc_first_dirty_merge	○	○	if TRUE, merge with a pi after first dirty
_gc_flush_during_affinity	○	○	if TRUE, flush during affinity
_gc_fusion_compression	○	○	compress fusion blocks if there is free space
_gc_global_checkpoint_scn	○	○	if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
_gc_global_lru	○	○	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_gc_global_lru_touch_count	○	○	global lru touch count
_gc_global_lru_touch_time	○	○	global lru touch time in seconds
_gc_integrity_checks	○	○	set the integrity check level
_gc_interconnect_checksum	○	○	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, make recovery buffers current
_gc_keep_undo_recovery_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, make recovery undo buffers current
_gc_latches	○	○	number of latches per LMS process
_gc_lease_time	○	○	lease time for rdma reads	lease time for memoptimize reads
_gc_log_flush	○	○	if TRUE, flush redo log before a current block transfer
_gc_max_downcvt	○	○	maximum downconverts to process at one time
_gc_max_reg_sz	○	○	maximum length for memory registration
_gc_msgq_buffers	○	○	set number of MSGQ buffers
_gc_no_fairness_for_clones	○	○	if TRUE, no fairness if we serve a clone
_gc_numa_lock_elements	○	○	if TRUE, numa aware lock element distribution
_gc_object_queue_max_length	○	○	maximum length for an object queue
_gc_override_force_cr	○	○	if TRUE, try to override force-cr requests
_gc_partial_cleanout	○	○	if TRUE, partial cleanout is enabled
_gc_persistent_read_mostly	○	○	if TRUE, enable persistent read-mostly locking
_gc_policy_minimum	○	○	dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
_gc_policy_rm_dirty_percent	○	○	percent of cache which can be dirty for readmostly
_gc_policy_time	○	○	how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
_gc_rdma_connections	n/a	○	maximum number of buffer cache RDMA connections
_gc_read_mostly_flush_check	○	○	if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
_gc_read_mostly_locking	○	○	if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
_gc_sanity_check_cr_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, sanity check CR buffers
_gc_save_cleanout	○	○	if TRUE, save cleanout to apply later
_gc_serve_from_flash_cache	○	○	if TRUE, try to serve a flash cache buffer
_gc_skip_undo_disk_read	○	○	if TRUE, skip the disk read for undo blocks
_gc_spin_time	○	○	rdma spin time
_gc_statistics	○	○	global cache statistics level
_gc_temp_affinity	○	○	if TRUE, enable global temporary affinity
_gc_trace_blocking_pins	○	○	if TRUE, trace blocking pins
_gc_trace_freelist_empty	○	○	if TRUE, dump a trace when we run out of lock elements
_gc_transfer_ratio	○	○	dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
_gc_try_to_skip_imc_flush	○	○	if TRUE, try to skip an imc populate flush
_gc_undo_affinity	○	○	if TRUE, enable undo affinity
_gc_undo_block_disk_reads	○	○	if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
_gc_undo_header_rdma_read	n/a	○	if TRUE, rdma read of undo headers is enabled
_gc_undo_rdma_read	○	○	if TRUE, rdma read of undo blocks is enabled
_gc_vector_read	○	○	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
_gc_xmem_rdma	○	○	if TRUE, xmem blocks rdma read is enabled
_gcr_cpu_consumer_dump_level	○	○	level of process dump performed for CPU consumers
_gcr_cpu_min_free	○	○	minimum amount of free CPU to flag an anomaly
_gcr_cpu_min_hard_limit	○	○	hard limit for min free CPU to flag high CPU
_gcr_css_group_large	○	○	size of large CSS group above which query/update disabled
_gcr_css_group_query_boost	○	○	allowed number of serial multiple queries
_gcr_css_group_try_lock_delay	○	○	minimum delay between group locking attempts, secs
_gcr_css_group_update2_interval	○	○	interval between CSS group updates when busy, secs
_gcr_css_group_update_interval	○	○	interval between CSS group updates, secs
_gcr_css_use_2group_lock	○	○	if FALSE, GCR will not try to lock 2 CSS groups at the same time
_gcr_disabled_actions	n/a	○	gcr disabled actions list
_gcr_disabled_metrics	n/a	○	gcr disabled metrics list
_gcr_dump_cpu_consumers	○	○	if TRUE, enable dumps of CPU consumers
_gcr_enable_async_slaves	n/a	○	if TRUE, GCR will spawn slave actions asynchronously
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_kill	○	○	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rm	○	○	if TRUE, GCR may enable a RM plan under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rt	○	○	if TRUE, GCR may boost bg priority under high load
_gcr_enable_high_memory_kill	○	○	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high memory load
_gcr_enable_kill_inst_diags	○	○	if TRUE, GCR will collect OS diags prior to kill instance
_gcr_enable_ktfbue_gather_stats	n/a	○	enable/disable gather stats on X$KTFBUE
_gcr_enable_new_drm_check	○	○	if FALSE, revert to old drm load metric
_gcr_enable_pdb_abort	n/a	○	if TRUE, GCR will process pdb abort messages
_gcr_enable_statistical_cpu_check	○	○	if FALSE, revert to old cpu load metric
_gcr_ges_cachedres_mult	n/a	○	ges cached resources multiplier
_gcr_ges_longchain_mult	n/a	○	ges longchain multiplier
_gcr_high_cpu_threshold	○	○	minimum amount of CPU process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_high_cpwt_threshold	n/a	○	longest tolerable ctwr process waits time
_gcr_high_fbwt_threshold	n/a	○	longest tolerable free buffer waits time
_gcr_high_hashlist_latch_nowait_misses	n/a	○	highest hash list get nowait fails tolerable
_gcr_high_hashlist_latch_wait_misses	n/a	○	highest hash list get wait fails tolerable
_gcr_high_lfsci_threshold	n/a	○	longest tolerable log file switch (checkpoint incomplete) wait
_gcr_high_memory_threshold	○	○	minimum amount of Memory process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_max_rt_procs	○	○	maximum number of RT DLM processes allowed by GCR
_gcr_mem_min_free	○	○	minimum amount of free memory to flag an anomaly
_gcr_min_free_memory_hard_limit	○	○	hard limit for minimum free memory,for high memory systems	hard limit for minimum free memory,for high memory systems
_gcr_tick	○	○	duration of time tick used by state machine, centisecs
_gcr_use_css	○	○	if FALSE, GCR wont register with CSS nor use any CSS feature
_gcs_cluster_flash_cache_mode	○	○	cluster flash cache mode
_gcs_cluster_flash_cache_persistency	○	○	Enable cluster flash cache persistency (FALSE = disable (default), TRUE = enable
_gcs_cr_master_ping_remote	○	○	if TRUE, cr request from master will ping the remote holder
_gcs_crslave_check_time	○	○	time interval to check for load on cr slaves in seconds
_gcs_crslave_longq_cnt	○	○	long queue time threshold for cr slave
_gcs_crslave_longq_us	○	○	long queue time for cr slave in microseconds
_gcs_current_rdma	n/a	○	if greater than 0, rdma read of current blocks is enabled
_gcs_current_rdma_grant_global	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable rdma read of current blocks for global role
_gcs_disable_imc_preallocation	○	○	disable preallocation for imc memory requirement in RAC
_gcs_disable_remote_handles	○	○	disable remote client/shadow handles
_gcs_disable_skip_close_remastering	○	○	if TRUE, disable skip close optimization in remastering
_gcs_dynamic_sga	○	○	if TRUE, enable dynamic cache fusion resources in runtime
_gcs_dynamic_sga_preference	n/a	○	gcs dynamic sga preference
_gcs_dynamic_slaves	○	○	if TRUE, it enables dynamic adjustment of the number of gcs slaves
_gcs_enable_private_iterator	○	○	Enable private iterator for GCS locks
_gcs_fast_reconfig	○	○	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
_gcs_flash_cache_mode	○	○	flash cache mode
_gcs_freelists_alloc_percent	○	○	initial allocation of gcs freelists percentage of max usage
_gcs_integrity_checks	○	○	cache fusion integrity check level
_gcs_latches	○	○	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
_gcs_lsr_frequency	○	○	frequency of invoking lock state resolution in seconds
_gcs_min_cr_slaves	○	○	if non zero, it enables the minimum number of gcs slaves
_gcs_min_slaves	○	○	if non zero, it enables the minimum number of gcs slaves
_gcs_partial_open_mode	○	○	partial open cache fusion service in reconfiguration
_gcs_pkey_history	○	○	number of pkey remastering history
_gcs_process_in_recovery	○	○	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
_gcs_recoverable_asserts	○	○	if non-zero, enable recoverable assert resolution
_gcs_res_hash_buckets	○	○	number of gcs resource hash buckets to be allocated
_gcs_res_per_bucket	○	○	number of gcs resource per hash bucket
_gcs_reserved_resources	○	○	allocate the number of reserved resources in reconfiguration
_gcs_reserved_shadows	○	○	allocate the number of reserved shadows in reconfiguration
_gcs_resources	○	○	number of gcs resources to be allocated
_gcs_shadow_locks	○	○	number of gcs shadow locks to be allocated
_gcs_spin_check_instance_threshold	n/a	○	threshold timeout to dump proc in spin check in seconds
_gcs_spin_check_threshold	n/a	○	spin check attempt count
_gcs_spin_check_time_interval	n/a	○	spin check time interval in seconds
_gcs_testing	○	○	GCS testing parameter
_gcs_trace_bucket	○	○	TRUE: use GCS trace bucket and trace LOW by default, FALSE: use default bucket but trace only if enabled
_gcs_trace_bucket_size	○	○	size of the GCS trace bucket in bytes (format: "LMS:<k>-RMV:<l>-CRV:<m>-DBW:<n>")
_gcs_track_reliable_block_sends	○	○	if TRUE, track block lost on reliable interconnect
_gcs_verify_antilock	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable anti-lock check
_gdr_clear_active_only	○	○	GDR: Clear active ranges only
_gdr_clear_inactive_only	○	○	GDR: Clear inactive ranges only
_gdr_control_flags	○	○	gdr control flags
_gds_allow_nullkey	○	○	allow the use of nullable shard key columns
_gds_chunk_num	○	○	number of chunks in sharding environment
_gds_lddlid	○	○	the id of the last executed DDL query
_gds_max_chunk_num	○	○	max chunk_num used in sharding environment
_gds_shardgroup_id	○	○	shardgroup database is in
_generalized_pruning_enabled	○	○	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_ges_dd_debug	○	○	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
_ges_default_lmds	○	○	default lmds for enqueue hashing
_ges_designated_master	○	○	designated master for GES and GCS resources
_ges_diagnostics	○	○	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
_ges_diagnostics_asm_dump_level	○	○	systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked by ASM
_ges_direct_free	○	○	if TRUE, free each resource directly to the freelist
_ges_direct_free_res_type	○	○	string of resource types(s) to directly free to the freelist
_ges_dump_open_locks	○	○	if TRUE, dump open locks for the LCK process during shutdown
_ges_fggl	○	○	DLM fg grant lock on/off
_ges_freeable_res_chunk_free	○	○	if TRUE, free dynamic resource chunks which are freeable
_ges_freeable_res_chunk_free_interval	○	○	time interval for freeing freeable dynamic resource chunks
_ges_gather_res_reuse_stats	○	○	if TRUE, gather resource reuse statistics
_ges_hash_groups	○	○	enqueue hash table groups
_ges_health_check	○	○	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
_ges_lmd_mapping	○	○	enqueue to lmd mapping
_ges_mseq_demo	○	○	demo mseq wrap scenarios (dflt is 0)
_ges_nres_divide	○	○	how to divide number of enqueue resources among hash tables
_ges_num_blockers_to_kill	○	○	number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
_ges_optimizations	n/a	○	GES optimizations level
_ges_resource_memory_opt	○	○	enable different level of ges res memory optimization
_ges_server_processes	○	○	number of background global enqueue server processes
_ges_vbfreelists	○	○	number of valueblock freelists (will be adjusted to power of 2)
_global_hang_analysis_interval_secs	○	○	the interval at which global hang analysis is run
_globaldict_analyzer_pct	○	○	Maximum percentage of unique values in analyzer phase for GD
_globaldict_chain_limit	○	○	Chain limit for global dictionary
_globaldict_check	○	○	Dictionary checking
_globaldict_chunk_minalloc	○	○	Force minimum chunk allocation size
_globaldict_dbg	○	○	Global dictionary debug modes
_globaldict_enable	○	○	Enable segment dictionary
_globaldict_max_gdsize	○	○	Maximum number of entries in a Global dictionary
_globaldict_reprobe_limit	○	○	Reprobe limit for global dictionary
_globaldict_use_ndv	○	○	Use NDV for sizing global dictionary, if available
_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	○	○	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
_grant_read_instead_of_select	○	○	grant read privilege instead of select wherever applicable
_grant_secure_role	○	○	Disallow granting of SR to other SR or NSR
_grant_unlimited_tablespace_role	○	○	Allow UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege grant to database roles
_group_membership_bucket_batch_size	○	○	ksimpoll group membership bucket batch size
_group_membership_bucket_scan_timeout	○	○	ksimpoll group membership bucket scan timeout
_group_membership_entries_per_bucket	○	○	ksimpoll group membership entries per bucket
_group_partition_data_for_impdp_ok	○	n/a	data pump import allows DATA_OPTIONS=GROUP_PARTITION_DATA
_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	○	○	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
_groupby_orderby_combine	○	○	groupby/orderby don't combine threshold
_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	○	○	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
_gsm	○	○	GSM descriptions
_gsm_config_vers	○	○	version of gsm config
_gsm_cpu_thresh	○	○	CPU busy threshold
_gsm_drv_interval	○	○	metric derived values interval
_gsm_max_instances_per_db	○	○	maximum number of instances per database in gsm cloud
_gsm_max_num_regions	○	○	maximum number of regions in gsm cloud
_gsm_pool_size	○	○	Global Shared Memory size
_gsm_region_list	○	○	List of GSM Regions
_gsm_srlat_thresh	○	○	Single block read latency threshold
_gsm_srvctl_diag_time	n/a	○	gsm invoked srvctl pre-timeout diagnostic time
_gsm_srvctl_timeout	n/a	○	gsm invoked srvctl timeout
_gsm_svcrgnmax	○	○	Maximum Service x Region statistics
_gsm_thresh_respct	○	○	threshold resource percentage
_gsm_thresh_zone	○	○	threshold zone
_gwm_autoons_ha_subscription	○	○	AutoONS HA notification subscription string
_gwm_autoons_rlb_subscription	○	○	AutoONS RLB notification subscription string
_gwm_database_flags	○	○	GWM Database Flags
_gwm_db_unique_name	○	○	gsm db_unique_name name
_gwm_disable_ra	n/a	○	Oracle internal parameter
_gwm_int_dbnum	○	○	GWM internal db id
_gwm_lagtype	n/a	○	gsm lag type
_gwm_spare1	n/a	○	gsm spare 1
_gwm_spare2	○	○	gsm spare 2
_gwm_spare3	○	○	gsm spare 3
_gwm_sys_ddl	n/a	○	allow DDL as SYS
_gwm_use_srvctl	n/a	○	use srvctl for service mnagement
_gws_cache_version	○	○	the shard/catalog cache version.
_gws_catalog_wallet	n/a	○	the sharding catalog has a wallet
_gws_deployed	○	○	the shardb/catalog has been deployed for sharding.
_gws_encddl	n/a	○	Encrypt DDL text.
_gws_sharding_method	○	○	Sharding method used (system-managed/user-defined/composite)
_hang_allow_resolution_on_single_nonrac	○	○	Hang Management allow resolution on single non-RAC instances
_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	○	○	hang analysis num call stacks
_hang_analyze_elapsed_time_limit	n/a	○	Hang Analyze elapsed time limit in seconds
_hang_appl_issue_session_threshold	○	○	Hang Management application issue session threshold
_hang_application_hang_resolution_enabled	○	○	Hang Management application related hang resolution enabled
_hang_asm_hang_resolution_enabled	○	○	Hang Management ASM hang resolution enabled
_hang_base_file_count	○	○	Number of trace files for the normal base trace file
_hang_base_file_space_limit	○	○	File space limit for current normal base trace file
_hang_blocked_session_percent_threshold	○	○	Hang Manager fast-track blocked session percent threshold
_hang_bool_spare1	○	○	Hang Management bool 1
_hang_bool_spare2	○	○	Hang Management bool 2
_hang_bool_spare3	n/a	○	Hang Management bool 3
_hang_cpu_hung_thresh_sec	n/a	○	Hang Manager threshold for resmgr:cpu quantum
_hang_cross_boundary_hang_detection_enabled	○	○	Hang Management Cross Boundary detection
_hang_cross_cluster_hang_detection_enabled	○	○	Hang Management Cross Cluster detection
_hang_deadlock_resolution_enabled	○	○	Hang Management deadlock resolution enabled
_hang_delay_resolution_for_libcache	○	○	Hang Management delays hang resolution for library cache
_hang_detection_enabled	○	○	Hang Management detection
_hang_enable_nodeeviction	○	n/a	Enable Hang Manager node eviction
_hang_enable_processstate	○	○	Enable Process State Dumping
_hang_fast_tracked_hang_verification_interval	n/a	○	Hang Manager fast-track hang verification interval
_hang_ft_min_degrading_samples_percent_threshold	○	○	Hang Manager fast-track minimum degrading samples threshold
_hang_hang_analyze_output_hang_chains	○	○	if TRUE hang manager outputs hang analysis hang chains
_hang_hang_blocked_session_delta_percent_threshold	○	○	Hang Manager hang's blocked session delta percent threshold
_hang_high_session_count_update_hb_threshold	n/a	○	Hang Manager high session count update heartbeat threshold
_hang_hiload_promoted_ignored_hang_count	○	○	Hang Management high load or promoted ignored hang count
_hang_hiprior_session_attribute_list	○	○	Hang Management high priority session attribute list
_hang_hs_hang_metrics_enabled	○	○	Hang Management Hang Specific hang metrics enabled
_hang_hung_session_ewarn_percent	○	○	Hang Management hung session early warning percentage
_hang_ignore_hngmtrc_interval	○	○	Hang Management ignore hang metric dependent hang interval
_hang_ignored_hang_count	○	○	Hang Management ignored hang count
_hang_ignored_hangs_interval	○	○	Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after verification
_hang_int_spare1	○	○	Hang Management int 1
_hang_int_spare2	○	○	Hang Management int 2
_hang_int_spare3	n/a	○	Hang Management int 3
_hang_intersecting_chains_scanning_enabled	○	○	Hang Management intersecting chains scanning is allowed
_hang_log_important_hangs_to_alert	○	○	Hang Management log important hangs to alert log
_hang_log_io_hung_sessions_to_alert	○	○	Hang Management log sessions hung on IO to alert log
_hang_log_verified_hangs_to_alert	○	○	Hang Management log verified hangs to alert log
_hang_long_wait_time_threshold	○	n/a	Long session wait time threshold in seconds
_hang_low_wait_time_cutoff	n/a	○	Hang Management low wait time cutoff in seconds
_hang_lws_file_count	○	○	Number of trace files for long waiting sessions
_hang_lws_file_space_limit	○	○	File space limit for current long waiting session trace file
_hang_mark_some_idle_waits_terminal	n/a	○	Hang Management mark some wait events as terminal waits
_hang_max_instance_allow_node_eviction	○	○	Hang Manager maximum instance count to allow node eviction
_hang_max_local_db_clients_allowed	n/a	○	Hang Manager maximum local db clients allowed
_hang_max_session_hang_time	○	○	Hang Management maximum session hang time in seconds
_hang_metrics_older_bitmap_threshold	○	○	Hang Management Hang Metric older bitmap threshold
_hang_metrics_recent_bitmap_threshold	○	○	Hang Management Hang Metric recent bitmap threshold
_hang_monitor_archiving_related_hang_interval	○	○	Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after verification
_hang_msg_checksum_enabled	○	○	enable hang graph message checksum
_hang_promote_process_termination_interval	○	○	Hang Management promote process termination interval in seconds
_hang_px_resolution_on_asm_enabled	n/a	○	Hang Management px resolution on ASM enabled
_hang_resolution_allow_archiving_issue_termination	○	○	Hang Management hang resolution allow archiving issue termination
_hang_resolution_confidence_promotion	○	○	Hang Management hang resolution confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_global_hang_confidence_promotion	○	○	Hang Management hang resolution global hang confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_partial_hangs_on_asm_enabled	n/a	○	Hang Management resolution of partial hangs on ASM enabled
_hang_resolution_percent_hung_sessions_threshold	○	○	Hang Manager hang resolution percent hung sessions threshold
_hang_resolution_percent_hung_sessions_threshold2	○	○	Hang Manager hang resolution percent hung sessions threshold2
_hang_resolution_policy	○	○	Hang Management hang resolution policy
_hang_resolution_promote_process_termination	○	○	Hang Management hang resolution promote process termination
_hang_resolution_scope	○	○	Hang Management hang resolution scope
_hang_root_ha_phase_trigger_time	○	○	Hang Management root HA phase trigger time
_hang_running_in_lrg	○	○	Hang Management running in lrg
_hang_sess_enq_wait_blocked_session_threshold	n/a	○	Hang Management session enqueue wait blocked session threshold
_hang_sess_enq_wait_resltn_trig_time	n/a	○	Hang Management session enqueue wait resolution trigger time
_hang_short_stacks_output_enabled	○	○	if TRUE hang manager outputs short stacks
_hang_signature_list_match_output_frequency	○	○	Hang Signature List matched output frequency
_hang_singleton_detection_rw_enabled	○	○	Hang Management singleton detection enabled for read-write
_hang_singleton_resolution_rw_enabled	○	○	Hang Management singleton resolution enabled for read-write
_hang_statistics_collection_interval	○	○	Hang Management statistics collection interval in seconds
_hang_statistics_collection_ma_alpha	○	○	Hang Management statistics collection moving average alpha
_hang_statistics_high_io_percentage_threshold	○	○	Hang Management statistics high IO percentage threshold
_hang_terminate_session_replay_enabled	○	○	Hang Management terminates sessions allowing replay
_hang_trace_interval	○	○	Hang Management trace interval in seconds
_hang_verification_interval	○	○	Hang Management verification interval in seconds
_hard_protection	○	○	if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
_hash_join_enabled	○	○	enable/disable hash join
_hash_multiblock_io_count	○	○	number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
_hashops_prefetch_size	○	○	maximum no of rows whose relevant memory locations are prefetched
_hb_redo_interval	○	○	generic heartbeat redo frequency
_hb_redo_msg_interval	○	○	BOC HB redo message interval in ms
_hcs_disable_all_prune	○	○	prune hierarchies pinned to ALL level
_hcs_disable_all_qry_optz	n/a	○	skip all query optimization on generated SQL
_hcs_disable_audit_opt	n/a	○	disable audit optimization
_hcs_disable_av_jback_opt	○	○	optimize analytic view query joinback
_hcs_disable_av_sql_hint	n/a	○	disable analytic view sql hint
_hcs_disable_bd_agg_opt	○	○	optimize base data aggregation
_hcs_disable_calc_dtm_to_out_opt	○	○	apply move calc determined hier to output hier optimization
_hcs_disable_calc_opt	○	○	calc optimize
_hcs_disable_calc_union_opt	n/a	○	disable calc union optimization
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_atr_prune_opt	○	○	apply attribute prune optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_lvl_prune_opt	○	○	apply level prune optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_meas_prune_opt	○	n/a	apply measure prune optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_mv_cache_opt	○	○	apply mv cache optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_no_calc_nav_opt	○	○	apply no calc navigation optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_no_out_data_opt	○	○	apply no output data optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_cell_qry_tmpls	○	n/a	no cell query templates for optimization
_hcs_disable_col_prune_optz	○	○	skip column pruning optimization on generated SQL
_hcs_disable_dt_opt_cell_qry	n/a	○	disable cell query optimizations for datatype queries
_hcs_disable_dup_nav_calc_opt	○	○	duplicate navigation calc optimize
_hcs_disable_dup_src_tbl_opt	○	○	apply duplicate src table optimization
_hcs_disable_exists_distinct	○	○	no exists distinct
_hcs_disable_filter_hierarchies	○	○	filter hierarchies in hcs queries
_hcs_disable_fltr_below_fltr_star_opt	○	○	apply filter below filtered star optimization
_hcs_disable_fltr_fact_opt	○	○	apply filtered fact optimization
_hcs_disable_fltr_hier_star_opt	○	○	apply filtered hierarchy star optimization
_hcs_disable_hier_join_map_nonnull	○	○	no hier join map non null
_hcs_disable_hord_in_oby_prune	○	n/a	prune levels if HIER_ORDER referenced only in ORDER BY
_hcs_disable_inline	n/a	○	add inline hint to star block
_hcs_disable_inline_tmpl_opt	○	○	apply inline single ref top blocks optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_jback_opt_for_hord_in_oby	○	n/a	optimize analytic view joinback for HIER_ORDER
_hcs_disable_latest_compat_check	○	○	skip compatibility check for latest compatible version
_hcs_disable_level_ord	○	○	prune away MAX(MAX(...)) around level order columns
_hcs_disable_level_prune	○	○	perform all level pruning
_hcs_disable_level_prune_calc_data_joins	○	○	perform level pruning for joins across calc data
_hcs_disable_level_prune_gby	○	n/a	perform level pruning in group by
_hcs_disable_level_prune_hier_join	○	○	perform level pruning from hierarchy joins
_hcs_disable_level_prune_hier_qry	○	○	perform level pruning from hierarchy queries
_hcs_disable_level_prune_hierarchize	○	○	level prune hierarchize
_hcs_disable_level_prune_in_qry	○	○	perform level pruning from level IN conditions
_hcs_disable_level_prune_mbr_lookup	○	○	perform level pruning in member lookup queries
_hcs_disable_level_prune_vis_lvs	○	n/a	perform level pruning from visible leaves
_hcs_disable_materialize	○	○	add materialize to result cache hint
_hcs_disable_mdx_cache_hint	○	○	generate hcs query mdx cache hints
_hcs_disable_merge_fltr_star_opt	n/a	○	disable merge filter star optimization
_hcs_disable_mv_rewrite_check	○	○	skip MV rewrite check when generating for ANALYTIC VIEW cache
_hcs_disable_no_bdfltrd_opt	n/a	○	apply no base data filtered optimization
_hcs_disable_obj_cache_name	○	○	Do not include the object number in an aggregate or level cache
_hcs_disable_opt_cell_qry	○	○	optimize cell query
_hcs_disable_opt_estimate	○	○	generate opt estimate hints
_hcs_disable_prune_unslvd_star_opt	n/a	○	disable prune unsolved star optimization
_hcs_disable_pushed_preds_in_gen_sql	○	n/a	push sql query predicates into hierarchy targets
_hcs_disable_result_cache_hint	○	○	generate hcs query result cache hints
_hcs_disable_rm_like_withs_optz	○	○	skip like WITH element removal optimization on generated SQL
_hcs_disable_rm_unused_withs_optz	○	○	skip unused WITH element removal optimization on generated SQL
_hcs_disable_rmv_unref_top_opt	○	n/a	apply remove unref top blocks optimization to cell query
_hcs_disable_smooth_descendants	○	○	perform smooth descendants
_hcs_disable_smooth_drill_all	○	○	perform smooth drill all
_hcs_disable_smooth_hierarchize	○	○	perform hierarchize smoothing
_hcs_disable_smooth_noop_descendants	n/a	○	perform smooth no-op descendants
_hcs_disable_smooth_remove_all	○	○	smooth and remove ALL member
_hcs_disable_sp_jback_opt	○	n/a	optimize single parent joinback
_hcs_disable_sql_plan_baselines	n/a	○	disable sql plan baselines
_hcs_disable_tgt_depths_opt	○	n/a	apply target depths optimization
_hcs_disable_unnest	○	○	disable unnest hint
_hcs_disable_use_cache_star_opt	n/a	○	disable use cache star optimization
_hcs_disable_vector_transform	○	○	disable vector transform hint
_hcs_disable_view_merge	○	○	disable view merge
_hcs_disable_vis_totals	○	○	generate visual totals
_hcs_disable_xform_gby	n/a	○	disable transform group by
_hcs_enable_adw	n/a	○	enable ADW
_hcs_enable_aggr_opt_estimate	○	○	apply OPT_ESTIMATE hint to aggregation queries
_hcs_enable_all_distinct	○	○	use distinct instead of rownum=1
_hcs_enable_auto_av_cache	○	○	use dynamic across all levels cache
_hcs_enable_av_auto_cache	n/a	○	enable AV auto-cache
_hcs_enable_basetbl_transform	n/a	○	enable base table transform
_hcs_enable_code_trc	n/a	○	enable code tracing
_hcs_enable_cube_join	n/a	○	enable cube join
_hcs_enable_dynamic_cache	○	n/a	enable/disable av cache DYNAMIC definition
_hcs_enable_expose_with_expr	○	○	expose internal with_expression
_hcs_enable_fact_rows	n/a	○	enable fact rows
_hcs_enable_in_mem_cdt_hint	○	○	add hint opt_param('_in_memory_cdt', 'off')
_hcs_enable_mdx_cache_name_col	○	○	add column for mdx cache name
_hcs_enable_mdx_mv_gen	○	○	enable mdx mv cache SQL generation
_hcs_enable_mdx_sleep_after_pin	○	○	sleep after pinning MDX caches
_hcs_enable_mem_trck	○	n/a	enable memory tracking
_hcs_enable_multi_parent_gen	○	n/a	generate hcs query using multi-parent aggregation
_hcs_enable_no_expand	○	○	enable no expand hint
_hcs_enable_parallel_hint	○	○	include parallel hint in cell query
_hcs_enable_parse_auto_av_cache	○	○	allow parsing of dynamic across all levels cache
_hcs_enable_pred_push	○	○	enable optimizer AV predicate pushing via reparse
_hcs_enable_unsupported_calcs	○	○	enable unsupported calcs
_hcs_log_max_segments	n/a	○	maximum number of HCS log segments, 0 for unlimited
_hcs_log_segment_size	n/a	○	HCS log segment size in MB
_hcs_logging	○	○	analytic view logging
_hcs_max_mdx_cursors	n/a	○	maximum number of MDX cursors
_hcs_mdx_sim_sga_alloc_err	n/a	○	simulate mdx sga allocation error
_hcs_mdx_sim_so_fail	n/a	○	simulate state object failure
_hcs_mdx_sleep_loc	n/a	○	mdx location to sleep for testing
_hcs_query_hint	○	○	query hint
_hcs_sim_sqlopt_err	n/a	○	simulate sql optimization error
_hcs_stats_max_card	○	○	maximum value for stats cardinality
_heap_dump_timeout	○	○	timeout in seconds for heap dump
_heartbeat_config	○	○	TDE heartbeat configuration parameter
_heartbeat_period_multiplier	○	○	Multiplier for the period of the TDE heartbeat
_heatmap_format_1block	○	○	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_heatmap_min_maxsize	○	○	Internal testing only
_heur_deadlock_resolution_secs	○	○	the heuristic wait time per node for deadlock resolution
_high_intrinsic_scn_growth_alert	○	○	high intrinsic SCN growth rate alert time in minutes
_high_priority_node_instcnt_cap	○	○	disable high priority lms when node inst count exceeds cap
_high_priority_processes	○	○	High Priority Process Name Mask
_high_threshold_delta	○	○	high threshold delta
_highest_priority_processes	○	○	Highest Priority Process Name Mask
_highres_drift_allowed_sec	○	○	allowed highres timer drift for VKTM
_highthreshold_undoretention	○	○	high threshold undo_retention in seconds
_hj_bit_filter_threshold	○	○	hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
_hm_analysis_oradebug_sys_dump_level	○	○	the oradebug system state level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_xm_enabled	○	○	If TRUE, DIA0 allows message exchanges across DB/ASM boundary
_hpk_compression_range	○	○	hpk compression range
_hpk_project_cost_weighting	○	○	hpk project cost weighting
_hpk_throughput_range	○	○	hpk throughput range
_hstpr_prediction_interval	n/a	○	resource SO prediction interval
_hstpr_use_linear_prediction	n/a	○	use session SO lin-reg prediction
_hstpr_use_periodic_prediction	n/a	○	use session SO periodic prediction
_http_port	n/a	○	HTTP port number registered with local listener
_hugetlbfs_mount_point_for_sga	○	○	HugeTLBFS mount point to be used
_hw_watchpoint_on	○	○	is the HW watchpointing feature turned on?
_hwm_sync_threshold	○	○	HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
_iat_frequency_short	○	○	Use short interval (5 minutes) for inactive account time job
_idle_session_kill_enabled	○	○	enables or disables resource manager session idle limit checks
_idle_session_scan_frequency	n/a	○	Idle session scan frequency (in seconds)
_idxrb_rowincr	○	○	proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index rebuild
_ignore_desc_in_index	○	○	ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending anyhow
_ignore_edition_enabled_for_EV_creation	○	○	ignore schema's edition-enabled status during EV creation
_ignore_fg_deps	○	○	ignore fine-grain dependencies during invalidation
_ignore_pdb_listener	n/a	○	ignore pdb listener
_ignore_svc_name_conv_mismatch	n/a	○	Suppress ORA-65174 for service_name_convert clause mismatch
_ilm_mem_limit	○	○	percentage of the max shared pool heat-map can use - internal
_ilmflush_stat_limit	○	○	ILM flush statistics limit - Internal testing only
_ilmset_stat_limit	○	○	ILM set statistics limit - Internal testing only
_ilmstat_memlimit	○	○	Percentage of shared pool for use by ILM Statistics
_imado_diagtasks_log_period	○	○	IM-ADO diagnostic tasks logging period (in seconds)
_imado_diagtasks_purge_period	○	○	IM diagnostic tasks purge older than X days
_imado_disable_bg	○	○	Disable AIM background task for testing
_imado_enable_coloptim	n/a	○	Enable AIM Column level optimizations
_imado_enhancements	n/a	○	AIM enhancements
_imado_evict_sf	○	○	AIM evict safety factor
_imado_mem_threshold	○	○	Memory threshold percent for AIM action
_imado_optim_algo	○	○	Optimization algorithm for AIM
_imado_optimize_period	○	○	IM-store optimize period for AIM (in minutes)
_imado_sysaux_usage_limit	○	○	SYSAUX usage percent limit for storing AIM diagnostics
_imado_verification	○	○	AIM verification state
_image_redo_gen_delay	○	○	Image redo generation delay in centi-seconds (direct write mode)
_immediate_commit_propagation	○	○	if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
_improved_outerjoin_card	○	○	improved outer-join cardinality calculation
_improved_row_length_enabled	○	○	enable the improvements for computing the average row length
_imr1_slave	n/a	○	IMR1 slave
_imr_active	○	○	Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
_imr_avoid_double_voting	○	○	Avoid device voting for CSS reconfig during IMR
_imr_check_css_incarnation_number	○	○	IMR verify the global consistency of CSS incarnation number
_imr_controlfile_access_wait_time	○	○	IMR controlfile access wait time in seconds
_imr_dd_slave_wait_time	○	○	IMR max time LMON will wait for slave response in seconds
_imr_device_type	○	○	Type of device to be used by IMR
_imr_disk_voting_interval	○	○	Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
_imr_diskvote_implementation	○	○	IMR disk voting implementation method
_imr_evicted_member_kill	○	○	IMR issue evicted member kill after a wait
_imr_evicted_member_kill_wait	○	○	IMR evicted member kill wait time in seconds
_imr_extra_reconfig_wait	○	○	Extra reconfiguration wait in seconds
_imr_highload_threshold	○	○	IMR system highload threshold
_imr_largest_hub_membership	○	○	IMR will derive the largest hub membership from available votes
_imr_max_reconfig_delay	○	○	Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
_imr_mount_retry_wait_time	○	○	IMR mount retry wait time (seconds)
_imr_non_blocking_device_driver	○	○	Use the Non Blocking IMR Device Driver Implementation
_imr_remount_retry_wait_time	○	○	IMR remount retry wait time in (seconds)
_imr_rim_mount_device	○	○	Enable rim instances to mount IMR device driver
_imr_rr_holder_kill_time	○	○	IMR max time instance is allowed to hold RR lock in seconds
_imr_slave_debug	n/a	○	IMR slave debug flags
_imr_splitbrain_res_wait	○	○	Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
_imr_systemload_check	○	○	Perform the system load check during IMR
_imtxn_table_enable	○	○	is In-Memory Txn Table cache enabled
_imtxn_table_flags	○	○	In-Memory Txn Table cache flags
_imtxn_table_max_inc_per_slt	○	○	In-Memory Txn Table number of incarnations per slot
_imtxn_table_max_slts_per_seg	○	○	In-Memory Txn Table Slots per Undo Segment
_imtxn_table_max_undo_segs	○	○	In-Memory Txn Table Max Undo Segments in Cache
_imtxnrma_table_enable	○	○	is In-Memory RMA Txn Table cache enabled
_imtxnrma_table_flags	n/a	○	In-Memory RMA Txn Table cache Flags
_imu_pools	○	○	in memory undo pools
_in_memory_cdt	○	○	In Memory CDT
_in_memory_cdt_maxpx	○	○	Max Parallelizers allowed for IMCDT
_in_memory_cleanup_wait_timeout	○	○	Tiemout for IMCDT cleanup waiting for end of scan
_in_memory_memory_threshold	○	○	In Memory CDT memory threshold
_in_memory_tbs_search	○	○	FALSE - disable fast path for alter tablespace read only
_in_memory_ts_only	○	○	In Memory CDT use temp segment only
_in_memory_undo	○	○	Make in memory undo for top level transactions
_increase_lmd_process	n/a	○	modifying this hidden parameter, will modify the numberof lmd process by the valueof this parameter
_increase_lms_process	○	○	modifying this hidden parameter, will modify the numberof lms process by the valueof this parameter
_incremental_purge_size	○	○	Setting for AWR Incremental Purge Size
_incremental_recovery_ckpt_min_batch	○	○	minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every second
_index_alert_key_not_found	○	○	dumps 8102 error to alert log file
_index_join_enabled	○	○	enable the use of index joins
_index_load_analysis_frequency	○	○	index load compression analysis frequency
_index_load_buf_oltp_over_retry	○	○	index load buf and comp oltp over-estimation retry
_index_load_buf_oltp_sacrifice_pct	○	○	index load buf oltp sacrifice pct
_index_load_buf_oltp_under_pct	○	○	index load buf and comp oltp under-estimation pct
_index_load_last_leaf_comp	○	○	index load write last leaf compression threshold
_index_load_min_key_count	○	○	index load min key count for first compression
_index_max_inc_trans_pct	○	○	max itl expand percentage soft limit during index insert
_index_partition_large_extents	○	○	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned indices
_index_partition_shrink_opt	○	○	enable alter index modify partition shrink optimization
_index_prefetch_factor	○	○	index prefetching factor
_index_scan_check_skip_corrupt	○	○	check and skip corrupt blocks during index scans
_index_scan_check_stopkey	○	○	check stopkey during index range scans
_index_split_chk_cancel	○	○	index insert split check cancel
_indexable_con_id	○	○	indexing of CON_ID column enabled for X$ tables
_indoubt_pdb_transactions_force_outcome	○	○	commit force or rollback force during undo mode switch
_inet_cluster_interconnects	○	○	InetTable Cluster Interconnects
_influx_scn_wait_timeout	○	○	active dataguard influx scn wait time in centiseconds
_influx_scn_waits	○	○	active dataguard influx scn maximum waits
_init_granule_interval	○	○	number of granules to process for deferred cache
_init_sql_file	○	○	File containing SQL statements to execute upon database creation
_inject_simulated_error_period	○	○	if non-zero, inject IO error once every param_value times
_inject_startup_fault	○	○	inject fault in the startup code
_inline_sql_in_plsql	○	○	inline SQL in PL/SQL
_inmemory_64k_percent	○	○	percentage of in-memory area for 64k pools
_inmemory_adg_batched_flush	○	○	If true, batched flush is performed
_inmemory_adg_journal_quota	○	○	If true, throttled mining is performed under space pressure
_inmemory_adg_parallel_flush	○	○	If true, parallel flush is performed
_inmemory_adg_periodic_sort	○	○	If true, periodic sort is performed
_inmemory_adg_quiesce_timeout	○	○	timeout for getting ZQ enq
_inmemory_analyzer_optimize_for	○	○	inmemory analyzer optimize for
_inmemory_auto_distribute	○	○	If true, enable auto distribute
_inmemory_autodist_2safe	○	○	If true, enable auto distribute with 2safe
_inmemory_buffer_waittime	○	○	wait interval for one SMU or IMCU to be freed
_inmemory_check_prot_meta	○	○	If true, marks SMU area read only to prevent stray writes
_inmemory_checksum	○	○	If true, checksums in-memory area to detect stray writes
_inmemory_crclone_buffer_size	○	○	In-memory CR Clone buffer size
_inmemory_crclone_min_clones	○	○	In-memory CR Clone minimum number of clones
_inmemory_crclone_min_space_percent	○	○	In-memory CR Clone minimum space percentage
_inmemory_crclone_threshold_rows	○	○	In-memory CR Clone threshold rows
_inmemory_cu_checksum	○	○	If true, checksums CU to detect stray writes
_inmemory_cudrop_timeout	○	○	maximum wait time for IMCU to be freed during drop
_inmemory_dbg_scan	○	○	In-memory scan debugging
_inmemory_default_flags	○	○	Default flags based on inmemory_clause_default
_inmemory_default_new	○	○	Force in-memory on new tables
_inmemory_default_svc	○	○	Default In-Memory distribute service type for new tables
_inmemory_default_svcname	○	○	Default In-Memory distribute service name for new tables
_inmemory_delta_population	○	○	Control Delta IMCU population
_inmemory_direct_reads	○	○	direct-reads for SMUs population repopulation
_inmemory_disable_alter_imco_cycle	○	○	in-memory disable alter imco cycle
_inmemory_disable_selective_vircols	○	○	disable selective columns for VCs/IMEs
_inmemory_distribute_ondemand_timeout	○	○	On demand timeout for redistribute
_inmemory_distribute_timeout	○	○	If true, enable auto distribute with 2safe
_inmemory_drcancel_cu_percent	○	○	IMCU percentage threshold to switch from DR to BC
_inmemory_dynamic_scan_disable_threshold	○	○	Inmemory dynamic scan disable threshold
_inmemory_dynamic_scans	○	○	Enable IM Dynamic Scans
_inmemory_dynamic_scans_analyze_batch_size	○	○	Inmemory dynamic scan analyze batch size
_inmemory_dynamic_scans_batch_size	○	○	Number of steady state outstanding tasks
_inmemory_dynamic_scans_dbg	○	○	Inmemory dynamic scans debug
_inmemory_dynamic_scans_result_buffers	n/a	○	No. of LWT allocated result buffers per thread
_inmemory_enable_population_verify	○	○	verify in-memory population
_inmemory_enable_readonly	○	○	Enable Inmemory on read only DB instance
_inmemory_enable_stat_alert	○	○	dump in-memory stats in alert log file
_inmemory_enable_sys	○	○	enable in-memory on system tablespace with sys user
_inmemory_exclto_timeout	○	○	maximum wait time to pin SMU for cleanout
_inmemory_expression_count	○	○	IME number of expressions to lookup from the ESS
_inmemory_expressions_area_percent	○	○	percentage of in-memory area for IMEUs
_inmemory_expressions_mark_unused	○	○	Mark cold IME expressions unused instead of no inmemory
_inmemory_ext_roarea	○	○	size in bytes of inmemory rw extension area
_inmemory_ext_rwarea	○	○	size in bytes of inmemory rw extension area
_inmemory_external_table	○	○	Enable inmemory extern table
_inmemory_faststart_control_flags	○	○	in-memory faststart control flags
_inmemory_force_fs	○	○	in-memory faststart force
_inmemory_force_fs_tbs	○	○	in-memory faststart force tablespace
_inmemory_force_fs_tbs_size	○	○	in-memory faststart force tablespace size
_inmemory_force_non_engineered	○	○	force non-engineered systems in-memory behavior on RAC
_inmemory_format_compatible	○	○	In-memory format compatibility parameter
_inmemory_fs_blk_inv_blk_percent	○	○	in-memory faststart CU invalidation threshold(blocks)
_inmemory_fs_blk_inv_blkcnt	○	○	in-memory faststart CU invalidation threshold(blocks)
_inmemory_fs_dmlverify_read_ahead_cnt	○	○	in-memory faststart dmlverify read ahead count
_inmemory_fs_enable	○	○	in-memory faststart enable
_inmemory_fs_enable_blk_lvl_inv	○	○	in-memory faststart enable block level invalidation
_inmemory_fs_nodml	○	○	in-memory faststart assumes no dmls while populating
_inmemory_fs_prune_pct	○	○	in-memory faststart out of mem prune percent
_inmemory_fs_raise_error	○	○	in-memory faststart raise error
_inmemory_fs_tbsmaxsz	○	○	in-memory faststart tablespace maximum size
_inmemory_fs_verify	○	○	in-memory faststart verify
_inmemory_fsdw_cnt	○	○	in-memory faststart defer writes per cycle
_inmemory_fsdw_enable	○	○	in-memory faststart deferwrite enable
_inmemory_fsdw_inline	○	○	in-memory faststart deferwrite inline
_inmemory_fsdw_maxcnt	○	○	in-memory faststart max defer writes per cycle
_inmemory_fsdw_maxmem	○	○	in-memory faststart max defer writes memory cap
_inmemory_fsdw_on_populate	○	○	in-memory faststart deferwrite on populate
_inmemory_fsdw_penalty_threshold	○	○	in-memory faststart deferwrite penalty threshold
_inmemory_fsdw_populate_threshold_multiplier	○	○	in-memory faststart deferwrite populate threshold multiplier
_inmemory_fsdw_priority_penalty_percent	○	○	In-memory faststart defer write percent priority for penalized
_inmemory_fsdw_priority_population_percent	○	○	In-memory faststart defer write percent priority for population
_inmemory_fsdw_priority_repopulation_percent	○	○	In-memory faststart defer write percent priority for repopulation
_inmemory_fsdw_schedlrtm	○	○	in-memory faststart defer write scheduler cycle (sec)
_inmemory_fsdw_scheduler_dedicated	○	○	in-memory faststart defer write dedicated scheduler
_inmemory_fsdw_task_timeout	○	○	in-memory faststart defer writes task timeout (sec)
_inmemory_fsdw_threshold	○	○	In-memory faststart defer write minimum interval (millisec)
_inmemory_granule_size	○	○	In-memory granule size
_inmemory_grpcolinv_buffer_size	○	○	In-memory grpcolinv buffer size
_inmemory_grpcolinv_granularity	○	○	In-memory grpcolinv blks per colmap
_inmemory_hpk4sql_debug	n/a	○	In-Memory HPK4SQL debug
_inmemory_hpk4sql_filter_threshold	n/a	○	In-Memory HPK4SQL filter threshold
_inmemory_hpk4sql_flags	n/a	○	In-Memory HPK4SQL flags
_inmemory_hpk4sql_kv_seg_size	n/a	○	In-Memory HPK4SQL kv segment size
_inmemory_hpk4sql_partbuf_maxrow	n/a	○	In-Memory HPK4SQL partbuf maxrow
_inmemory_hpk4sql_partbuf_minrow	n/a	○	In-Memory HPK4SQL partbuf minrow
_inmemory_hwm_expand_percent	○	○	max blks percent can exceed in hwmimcu
_inmemory_hwm_expansion	○	○	If 0, the highwatermark CU is dropped when expanded
_inmemory_hwm_expansion_rac	n/a	○	If 0, the highwatermark CU is dropped when expanded
_inmemory_hwm_inv_blocks_threshold	n/a	○	If 0, expansion will occur even for very small hwm imcu
_inmemory_hybrid_selectivity_threshold	n/a	○	Selectivity threshold for a qualifying query to enable hybrid IM scans
_inmemory_imco_cycle	○	○	IMCO cycle in seconds (sleep period)
_inmemory_imcu_align	○	○	Enforce 8M IMCU alignment
_inmemory_imcu_populate_minbytes	○	○	minimum free space in IMA for populating IMCU
_inmemory_imcu_source_analyze_bytes	○	○	number of source analyze bytes per IMCU
_inmemory_imcu_source_blocks	○	○	number of source blocks per IMCU
_inmemory_imcu_source_extents	○	○	number of source extents per IMCU
_inmemory_imcu_source_maxbytes	○	○	IMCU maximum source size in bytes
_inmemory_imcu_source_minbytes	○	○	number of minimum source bytes per IMCU
_inmemory_imcu_target_bytes	○	○	IMCU target size in bytes
_inmemory_imcu_target_maxrows	○	○	IMCU maximum target number of rows
_inmemory_imcu_target_rows	○	○	IMCU target number of rows
_inmemory_ime_increpop_threshold	○	○	Invalidation threshold for IME incremental repopulation
_inmemory_incremental_repopulation	○	○	If true, incremental repopulation of IMCU will be attempted
_inmemory_invalidate_cursors	○	○	In-memory populate enable cursor invalidations
_inmemory_journal_check	○	○	Depending on value does one of the DML verifications
_inmemory_journal_cla_stride	○	○	inmemory journal format cla stride
_inmemory_journal_format	○	○	inmemory journal format options
_inmemory_journal_row_logging	○	○	If true, log the entire row into the in-memory journal
_inmemory_journal_scan	○	○	inmemory journal scan enable
_inmemory_journal_scan_format	○	○	If true, the set journal format will be used for scan
_inmemory_lock_for_smucreate	○	○	take object lock during smu creation
_inmemory_log_level	○	○	in-memory log level
_inmemory_max_delta	○	○	Inmemory max number of deltas per CU
_inmemory_max_expressions_table	○	○	IME maximum number of SYS_IME VCs in a table
_inmemory_max_populate_retry	○	○	IM populate maximum number of retry
_inmemory_max_queued_tasks	○	○	Maximum queued populating tasks on the auxiliary queue
_inmemory_memprot	○	○	enable or disable memory protection for in-memory
_inmemory_min_delta_blocks	○	○	Inmemory minimum blocks per delta
_inmemory_min_delta_rows	○	○	Inmemory minimum rows per delta
_inmemory_min_ima_defersize	○	○	Defer in-memory area allocation beyond this size
_inmemory_num_hash_latches	○	○	Maximum number of latches for IM buffers
_inmemory_opaque_contig_space_percent	n/a	○	Contiguous memory for opaque VC as a percent of hard maximum
_inmemory_parallel_load_ext	○	○	Parallel load inmemory extern table
_inmemory_partrowlock_threshold	○	○	Number of committed rows that stay not cleaned out
_inmemory_patch_background_blocks	○	○	In-memory SMU patch threshold blocks to start background tasks
_inmemory_patch_commit_path	○	○	If true, enable the SMU patching from DML path
_inmemory_patch_threshold_blocks	○	○	In-memory SMU patch threshold blocks
_inmemory_pct_inv_blocks_invalidate_imcu	○	○	In-memory percentage invalid blocks for IMCU invalidation
_inmemory_pct_inv_rows_invalidate_imcu	○	○	In-memory percentage invalid rows for IMCU invalidation
_inmemory_pga_per_server	○	○	minimum pga needed per inmemory populate server
_inmemory_pin_hist_mode	○	○	settings for IM pinned buffer history
_inmemory_populate_blocks_threshold	n/a	○	If 0, scan triggers populate for any missing blocks
_inmemory_populate_fg	○	○	populate in foreground
_inmemory_populate_wait	○	○	wait for population to complete
_inmemory_populate_wait_max	○	○	maximum wait time in seconds for segment populate
_inmemory_prefer_xmem_memcompress	○	○	Prefer to store tables with given memcompress levels in xmem
_inmemory_prefer_xmem_priority	○	○	Prefer to store tables with given priority levels in xmem
_inmemory_prefix_encode_dsbs	○	○	Prefix-encode the DSB-dictionary
_inmemory_prepopulate	○	○	Enable inmemory populate by IMCO
_inmemory_prepopulate_fg	○	○	Force prepopulate of in-memory segment in foreground
_inmemory_private_journal_maxexts	○	○	Max number of extents per PJ
_inmemory_private_journal_numbkts	○	○	Number of priv jrnl ht bkts
_inmemory_private_journal_numgran	○	○	Number of granules per HT node
_inmemory_private_journal_quota	○	○	quota for transaction in-memory private journals
_inmemory_private_journal_sharedpool_quota	○	○	quota for transaction in-memory objects
_inmemory_pruning	○	○	In-memory pruning
_inmemory_query_check	○	○	In-memory query checking
_inmemory_query_fetch_by_rowid	○	○	In-memory fetch-by-rowid enabled
_inmemory_query_scan	○	○	In-memory scan enabled
_inmemory_relimcusz_thresh	○	○	in-memory relative imcusz thresh for direct reads
_inmemory_repopulate_disable	○	○	disable In-memory repopulate
_inmemory_repopulate_flags	○	○	In-memory repopulate decision flags
_inmemory_repopulate_invalidate_rate_percent	○	○	In-memory repopulate invalidate rate percent
_inmemory_repopulate_optimize	○	○	If true, itl transfer will be attempted during repopulation of IMCU
_inmemory_repopulate_priority_scale_factor	○	○	In-memory repopulate priority threshold scale factor
_inmemory_repopulate_priority_threshold_block	○	○	In-memory repopulate priority threshold block
_inmemory_repopulate_priority_threshold_row	○	○	In-memory repopulate priority threshold row
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_blocks	○	○	In-memory repopulate threshold number of modified blocks
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_blocks_percent	○	○	In-memory repopulate threshold blocks invalid percentage
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_mintime	○	○	In-memory repopulate minimum interval (millisec)
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_mintime_factor	○	○	In-memory repopulate minimum interval (N*timetorepop)
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_rows	○	○	In-memory repopulate threshold number of modified rows
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_rows_percent	○	○	In-memory repopulate threshold rows invalid percentage
_inmemory_repopulate_threshold_scans	○	○	In-memory repopulate threshold number of scans
_inmemory_retention_time	○	○	maximum retention time of imcu after repopulation
_inmemory_rows_check_interrupt	○	○	Number of rows buffered before interrupt check
_inmemory_scan_invalid_percent	○	○	Inmemory scan invalid percentage
_inmemory_scan_override	○	○	In-memory scan override
_inmemory_servers_throttle_pgalim_percent	○	○	In-memory populate servers throttling pga limit percentage
_inmemory_shared_journal_maxexts	○	○	Max number of extents per SJ
_inmemory_shared_journal_minexts_repop	○	○	min number of extents per SJ to trigger repop
_inmemory_small_segment_threshold	○	○	In-memory small segment threshold (must be larger for in-memory)
_inmemory_smu_patch_options	○	○	Inmemory SMU patching options
_inmemory_strdlxid_timeout	○	○	max time to determine straddling transactions
_inmemory_subcu_histsize	○	○	In-memory subCU Histogram size
_inmemory_subcusize	○	○	In-memory subCU size
_inmemory_suppress_vsga_ima	○	○	Suppress inmemory area in v$sga
_inmemory_test_verification	○	○	In-memory verification testing
_inmemory_transaction_options	○	○	in-memory transaction performance options
_inmemory_trickle_populate	n/a	○	Enable inmemory trickle populate
_inmemory_trickle_repopulate	○	○	Enable inmemory trickle repopulate
_inmemory_trickle_repopulate_fg	○	○	Trickle Repopulate in the Foreground
_inmemory_trickle_repopulate_min_interval	○	○	IMCO Trickle Repopulate Interval
_inmemory_trickle_repopulate_threshold_dirty_ratio	○	○	IMCO Trickle Repopulate threshold dirty ratio
_inmemory_txn_checksum	○	○	checksum for SMUs and private journals
_inmemory_txnpjrnl_debug	○	○	txn priv jrnl debugging parameter
_inmemory_validate_fetch	○	○	If true, validate single-row fetch between in-memory and disk
_inmemory_vector_encode_override	○	○	Populate and use DSBs for Vector Encode columns
_inmemory_waitinvis_count	○	○	in-memory waitinvisible retry count
_inmemory_xmem_size	○	○	size in bytes of in-memory xmem area
_inplace_update_retry	○	○	inplace update retry for ora1551
_inquiry_retry_interval	○	○	if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified interval
_insert_enable_hwm_brokered	○	○	during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
_inst_locking_period	○	○	period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1 bitmap
_instance_dbnest_name	○	○	Instance dbNest Name
_instance_recovery_bloom_filter_fprate	○	○	Allowable false positive percentage [0-100]
_instance_recovery_bloom_filter_size	○	○	Bloom filter size (in num of bits) used during claim phase
_instant_file_create	○	○	enable instant file creation on sparse media
_instant_file_create_exascale	n/a	○	enable instant file creation on Exascale
_intra_cdb_dblink	○	○	enable intra CDB implicit dblink
_intrapart_pdml_enabled	○	○	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
_intrapart_pdml_randomlocal_enabled	○	○	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random local dist
_invalidate_upon_revoke	○	○	Invalidate all dependent objects upon revoke
_io_internal_test	○	○	I/O internal testing parameter
_io_osd_param	○	○	OSD specific parameter
_io_outlier_threshold	○	○	Latency threshold for io_outlier table
_io_resource_manager_always_on	○	○	io resource manager always on
_io_shared_pool_size	○	○	Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
_io_slaves_disabled	○	○	Do not use I/O slaves
_io_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, ksfd I/O statistics are collected
_iocalibrate_init_ios	○	○	iocalibrate init I/Os per process
_iocalibrate_max_ios	○	○	iocalibrate max I/Os per process
_ioq_fanin_multiplier	○	○	IOQ miss count before a miss exception
_ior_serialize_fault	○	○	inject fault in the ior serialize code
_iorm_tout	○	○	IORM scheduler timeout value in msec
_ios_root_directory	○	○	IOS default root directory
_ioslave_batch_count	○	○	Per attempt IOs picked
_ioslave_issue_count	○	○	IOs issued before completion check
_ipc_aggr_limit_percentage	○	○	KSIPC memory as a percentage of PGA aggregate limit
_ipc_config_opts_dyn	○	○	Dyn config for ipclw startup
_ipc_config_opts_stat	○	○	static config for ipclw startup
_ipc_emu_aop_timeout	n/a	○	static emu AOP tinmeout
_ipc_fail_network	○	○	Simulate cluster network failer
_ipc_switch_reconfig_needed	○	○	to trigger a ipc switch reconfiguration
_ipc_test_failover	○	○	Test transparent cluster network failover
_ipc_test_mult_nets	○	○	simulate multiple cluster networks
_ipddb_enable	○	○	Enable IPD/DB data collection
_iut_enable	○	○	Control Index usage tracking
_iut_max_entries	○	○	Maximum Index entries to be tracked
_iut_stat_collection_type	○	○	Specify Index usage stat collection type
_job_queue_interval	○	○	Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
_k2q_latches	○	○	number of k2q latches
_ka_allow_reenable	○	○	reenability of kernel accelerator service after disable
_ka_compatibility_requirement	○	○	kernel accelerator compatibility operation requirement
_ka_doorbell	○	○	kernel accelerator doorbell mode
_ka_enabled	○	○	Enable/disable kernel accelerator
_ka_grant_policy	○	○	KA grant policy to favor fusion grant, make it automatic, or favor KA
_ka_lma_msg_wait_count	n/a	○	KA maximum number of requests to retrieve per OSD wait by LMA
_ka_lma_wait_time	n/a	○	KA wait time for skjcxWait call by LMA process in microseconds
_ka_locks_per_sector	○	○	locks per sector in kernel accelerator
_ka_max_wait_delay	○	○	KA maximum amount of time before forcing OSD wait call
_ka_mode	○	○	kernel accelerator mode
_ka_msg_reap_count	○	○	maximum number of KA messages to receive and process per wait
_ka_msg_wait_count	○	○	KA maximum number of requests to retrieve per OSD wait
_ka_pbatch_messages	○	○	kernel accelerator perform pbatch messages
_ka_scn_accel_shrmem	○	○	KA SCN accelerate shr memory
_ka_scn_enabled	○	○	KA SCN processing enabled
_ka_scn_use_ka_msgs	○	○	KA SCN use KA type messages
_kcb_reused_max	n/a	○	reused array max parameter
_kcbl_assert_reset_slot	○	○	assert slot state in kcblResetSlot
_kcfis_automem_level	○	○	Set auto memory management control for kcfis memory allocation
_kcfis_block_dump_level	○	○	Smart IO block dump level
_kcfis_byteswap_opt_disabled	○	○	Don't use byte swapping optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_caching_enabled	○	○	enable kcfis intra-scan session caching
_kcfis_cell_passthru_dataonly	○	○	Allow dataonly passthru for smart scan
_kcfis_cell_passthru_enabled	○	○	Do not perform smart IO filtering on the cell
_kcfis_cell_passthru_fromcpu_enabled	○	○	Enable automatic passthru mode when cell CPU util is too high
_kcfis_cellcache_disabled	○	○	Don't use cellcache rewrite optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_celloflsrv_passthru_enabled	○	○	Enable offload server usage for passthru operations
_kcfis_celloflsrv_usage_enabled	○	○	Enable offload server usage for offload operations
_kcfis_control1	○	○	Kcfis control1
_kcfis_control2	○	○	Kcfis control2
_kcfis_control3	○	○	Kcfis control3
_kcfis_control4	○	○	Kcfis control4
_kcfis_control5	○	○	Kcfis control5
_kcfis_control6	○	○	Kcfis control6
_kcfis_disable_platform_decryption	○	○	Don't use platform-specific decryption on the storage cell
_kcfis_dump_corrupt_block	○	○	Dump any corrupt blocks found during smart IO
_kcfis_fast_response_enabled	○	○	Enable smart scan optimization for fast response (first rows)
_kcfis_fast_response_initiosize	○	○	Fast response - The size of the first IO in logical blocks
_kcfis_fast_response_iosizemult	○	○	Fast response - (next IO size = current IO size * this parameter)
_kcfis_fast_response_threshold	○	○	Fast response - the number of IOs after which smartIO is used
_kcfis_fastfileinit_disabled	○	○	Don't use ffi during file creation
_kcfis_fault_control	○	○	Fault Injection Control
_kcfis_io_prefetch_size	○	○	Smart IO prefetch size for a cell
_kcfis_ioreqs_throttle_enabled	○	○	Enable Smart IO requests throttling
_kcfis_kept_in_cellfc_enabled	○	○	Enable usage of cellsrv flash cache for kept objects
_kcfis_large_payload_enabled	○	○	enable large payload to be passed to cellsrv
_kcfis_max_cached_sessions	○	○	Sets the maximum number of kcfis sessions cached
_kcfis_max_out_translations	○	○	Sets the maximum number of outstanding translations in kcfis
_kcfis_nonkept_in_cellfc_enabled	○	○	Enable use of cellsrv flash cache for non-kept objects
_kcfis_oss_io_size	○	○	KCFIS OSS I/O size
_kcfis_pmem_enabled	○	○	RDMA Persistent Memory support enabled
_kcfis_qm_prioritize_sys_plan	○	○	Prioritize Quaranitine Manager system plan
_kcfis_qm_user_plan_name	○	○	Quaranitine Manager user plan name
_kcfis_rdbms_blockio_enabled	○	○	Use block IO instead of smart IO in the smart IO module on RDBMS
_kcfis_read_buffer_limit	○	○	KCFIS Read Buffer (per session) memory limit in bytes
_kcfis_spawn_debugger	○	○	Decides whether to spawn the debugger at kcfis initialize
_kcfis_stats_level	○	○	sets kcfis stats level
_kcfis_storageidx_diag_mode	○	○	Debug mode for storage index on the cell
_kcfis_storageidx_disabled	○	○	Don't use storage index optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_storageidx_set_membership_disabled	○	○	Don't use set membership optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_storageidx_xtss_disabled	○	○	Don't use storage index optimization on the storage cell for XTSS
_kcfis_test_control1	○	○	kcfis tst control1
_kcfis_trace_bucket_size	○	○	KCFIS tracing bucket size in bytes
_kcfis_xtgran_prefetch_count	○	○	External Table Smart Scan granule prefetch count
_kcl_debug	○	○	if TRUE, record le history
_kcl_index_split	○	○	if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
_kcrfwrma_flags	n/a	○	KCRFWRMA Flags
_kd_dbg_control	○	○	kernel data generic control
_kd_rows_chk	○	○	enable or disable row block check
_kd_symtab_chk	○	○	enable or disable symbol table integrity block check
_kdbl_enable_post_allocation	○	○	allocate dbas after populating data buffers
_kdfip_bufl_nbkt	○	○	memopt w buffers list buckets
_kdfip_cmap_nbkt	○	○	memopt w chunk map buckets
_kdfip_debug	○	○	memopt w debug
_kdfip_drain_sleeps	○	○	memopt w drain coord sleep count
_kdfip_elem_nclatch	○	○	memopt w chunkmap elem child latches
_kdfip_flush_nrows	○	○	memopt w flush num rows
_kdfip_flush_rowsz	○	○	memopt w flush row size
_kdfip_flush_rowtm	○	○	memopt w flush time
_kdfip_iga_bufsz	○	○	memopt w write buffer size
_kdfip_iga_maxsz	○	○	memopt w max global area size
_kdfip_iga_minsz	○	○	memopt w min global area size
_kdfip_par_flush	○	○	memopt w parallel flush
_kdfip_trace	○	○	memopt w tracing on-off
_kdfs_fix_control	○	○	dbfs fix_control
_kdfs_timer_dmp	○	○	dbfs timers
_kdfs_trace	○	○	dbfs trace level
_kdfs_trace_size	○	○	size of the uts buffer for generic traces
_kdi_avoid_block_checking	○	○	avoid index block checking on sensitive opcodes
_kdic_segarr_sz	○	○	size threshold for segmented arrays for seg_info_kdicctx
_kdis_reject_level	○	○	b+tree level to enable rejection limit
_kdis_reject_limit	○	○	#block rejections in space reclamation before segment extension
_kdis_reject_ops	○	○	enable rejection heuristic for branch splits
_kdis_split_xid_prune	○	○	prune xids during an index split
_kdizoltp_uncompsentinal_freq	○	○	kdizoltp uncomp sentinal frequency
_kdkv_fg_drop_memopt	○	○	hashindex foreground drop
_kdkv_fg_no_memopt	○	○	hashindex foreground cleanup
_kdkv_fg_populate	○	○	hashindex foreground populate
_kdkv_fg_repopulate	○	○	hashindex foreground repopulate
_kdkv_force_fastpath	○	○	kdkv fast path on-off
_kdkv_force_samehash	○	○	kdkv hash to same bucket on-off
_kdkv_index_lossy	○	○	hashindex lossiness on-off
_kdkv_index_relocate	○	○	hashindex relocation on-off
_kdkv_indexinvalid	○	○	objd and rdba based index invalidation
_kdkv_trace	○	○	kdkv tracing on-off
_kdlf_fast_move_compressed_lob	n/a	○	kdlf fast move commpressed lobs
_kdlf_layers_cache	n/a	○	enable kdlf securefiles layers cache
_kdlf_read_flag	○	○	kdlf read flag
_kdli_STOP_bsz	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_dba	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_fsz	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_nio	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_tsn	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_adaptive_cache_inode	n/a	○	enable adaptive inode cache
_kdli_allow_corrupt	○	○	allow corrupt filesystem_logging data blocks during read/write
_kdli_buffer_inject	○	○	use buffer injection for CACHE [NO]LOGGING lobs
_kdli_cache_inode	○	○	cache inode state across calls
_kdli_cache_inode_off_limit	n/a	○	cache_off limit for adaptive inode cache
_kdli_cache_read_threshold	○	○	minimum lob size for cache->nocache read (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cache_size	○	○	maximum #entries in inode cache
_kdli_cache_verify	○	○	verify cached inode via deserialization
_kdli_cache_write_threshold	○	○	minimum lob size for cache->nocache write (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cacheable_length	○	○	minimum lob length for inode cacheability
_kdli_checkpoint_flush	○	○	do not invalidate cache buffers after write
_kdli_dbc	○	○	override db_block_checking setting for securefiles
_kdli_delay_flushes	○	○	delay flushing cache writes to direct-write lobs
_kdli_descn_adj	○	○	coalesce extents with deallocation scn adjustment
_kdli_flush_cache_reads	○	○	flush cache-reads data blocks after load
_kdli_flush_injections	○	○	flush injected buffers of CACHE NOLOGGING lobs before commit
_kdli_force_cr	○	○	force CR when reading data blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_cr_meta	○	○	force CR when reading metadata blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_storage	○	○	force storage settings for all lobs
_kdli_full_readahead_threshold	○	○	maximum lob size for full readahead
_kdli_full_vll	○	○	materialize full vll lobmap for reads
_kdli_icache_entries	○	○	size of itree cache
_kdli_inject_assert	○	○	inject asserts into the inode
_kdli_inject_batch	○	○	buffer injection batch size [1, KCBNEWMAX]
_kdli_inject_crash	○	○	inject crashes into the inode
_kdli_inline_xfm	○	○	allow inline transformed lobs
_kdli_inode_preference	○	○	inline inode evolution preference (data, headless, lhb)
_kdli_inplace_overwrite	○	○	maximum inplace overwrite size (> chunksize)
_kdli_itree_entries	○	○	#entries in lhb/itree blocks (for testing only)
_kdli_memory_protect	○	○	trace accesses to inode memory outside kdli API functions
_kdli_mts_so	○	○	use state objects in shared server for asyncIO pipelines
_kdli_oneblk	○	○	allocate chunks as single blocks
_kdli_preallocation_mode	○	○	preallocation mode for lob growth
_kdli_preallocation_pct	○	○	percentage preallocation [0 .. inf) for lob growth
_kdli_ralc_length	○	○	lob length threshold to trigger rounded allocations
_kdli_ralc_rounding	○	○	rounding granularity for rounded allocations
_kdli_rci_lobmap_entries	○	○	#entries in RCI lobmap before migration to lhb
_kdli_readahead_limit	○	○	shared/cached IO readahead limit
_kdli_readahead_strategy	○	○	shared/cached IO readahead strategy
_kdli_recent_scn	○	○	use recent (not dependent) scns for block format/allocation
_kdli_reshape	○	○	reshape an inode to inline or headless on length truncation
_kdli_safe_callbacks	○	○	invoke inode read/write callbacks safely
_kdli_sio_async	○	○	asynchronous shared IO
_kdli_sio_backoff	○	○	use exponential backoff when attempting SIOP allocations
_kdli_sio_bps	○	○	maximum blocks per IO slot
_kdli_sio_dop	○	○	degree-of-parallelism in the SIO keep pool
_kdli_sio_fbwrite_pct	○	○	percentage of buffer used for direct writes in flashback-db
_kdli_sio_fgio	○	○	reap asynchronous IO in the foreground
_kdli_sio_fileopen	○	○	shared IO fileopen mode: datasync vs nodatasync vs async
_kdli_sio_flush	○	○	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_free	○	○	free IO buffers when not in active use
_kdli_sio_min_read	○	○	shared IO pool read threshold
_kdli_sio_min_write	○	○	shared IO pool write threshold
_kdli_sio_nbufs	○	○	maximum #IO buffers to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_niods	○	○	maximum #IO descriptors to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_on	○	○	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_pga	○	○	use PGA allocations for direct IO
_kdli_sio_pga_top	○	○	PGA allocations come from toplevel PGA heap
_kdli_sio_strategy	○	○	shared IO strategy: block vs. extent
_kdli_sio_write_pct	○	○	percentage of buffer used for direct writes
_kdli_small_append_redo	○	○	detect and use redo optimizations for small appends
_kdli_small_cache_limit	○	○	size limit of small inode cache
_kdli_sort_dbas	○	○	sort dbas during chunkification
_kdli_space_cache_limit	○	○	maximum #blocks in per-segment space cache
_kdli_space_cache_segments	○	○	#segments in space cache
_kdli_squeeze	○	○	compact lobmap extents with contiguous dbas
_kdli_timer_dmp	○	○	dump inode timers on session termination
_kdli_timer_trc	○	○	trace inode timers to uts/tracefile
_kdli_trace	○	○	inode trace level
_kdli_vll_direct	○	○	use skip-navigation and direct-positioning in vll-domain
_kdlu_max_bucket_size	○	○	UTS kdlu bucket size
_kdlu_max_bucket_size_mts	○	○	UTS kdlu bucket size for mts
_kdlu_trace_layer	○	○	UTS kdlu per-layer trace level
_kdlu_trace_system	○	○	UTS system dump
_kdlw_enable_ksi_locking	○	○	enable ksi locking for lobs
_kdlw_enable_write_gathering	○	○	enable lob write gathering for sql txns
_kdlwp_flush_threshold	○	○	WGC flush threshold in bytes
_kdlwp_memory_check	n/a	○	bug 31354021: memory diagnostics
_kdlxp_cmp_subunit_size	○	○	size of compression sub-unit in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_flush_threshold	○	○	deduplication flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_hash_algo	○	○	secure hash algorithm for deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_dedup_inl_pctfree	○	○	deduplication pct size increase by which inlining avoided
_kdlxp_dedup_prefix_threshold	○	○	deduplication prefix hash threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_wapp_len	○	○	deduplication length to allow write-append
_kdlxp_lobcmpadp	○	○	enable adaptive compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobcmplevel	○	○	Default securefile compression
_kdlxp_lobcmprciver	○	○	Default securefile compression map version
_kdlxp_lobcompress	○	○	enable lob compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdeduplicate	○	○	enable lob deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdedupvalidate	○	○	enable deduplicate validate - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobencrypt	○	○	enable lob encryption - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmp	○	○	minimum comp ratio in pct - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmplen	○	○	minimum loblen to compress - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_minxfm_size	○	○	minimum transformation size in bytes
_kdlxp_no_dedup_on_insert	○	○	disable deduplication for new inserts of deduplicated lobs
_kdlxp_spare1	○	○	deduplication spare 1
_kdlxp_uncmp	○	○	lob data uncompressed - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_xfmcache	○	○	enable xfm cache - only on SecureFiles
_kdmado_partial_pop_backoff_mb	n/a	○	AIM Backoff for partial populate
_kdt_buffering	○	○	control kdt buffering for conventional inserts
_kdtgsp_retries	○	○	max number of retries in kdtgsp if space returns same block
_kdu_array_depth	○	○	array update retry recursion depth limits
_kdz_clear_analysis_percent	○	○	percentage to clear dictionary analysis
_kdz_hcc_flags	○	○	Miscellaneous HCC flags
_kdz_hcc_track_upd_rids	○	○	Enable rowid tracking during updates
_kdz_pcode_flags	○	○	pcode flags
_kdz_pred_nrows	○	○	Number of rows to predicate at a time in kdzt
_kdz_proj_nrows	○	○	Number of rows to project at a time in kdzt
_kdzk_enable_init_trace	○	○	Enable kdzk initialization tracing
_kdzk_load_specialized_library	○	○	Flags for loading HPK specialized library
_kdzk_specialized_library_name	○	○	HPK specialized library name
_kdzk_trace_level	○	○	HPK trace level
_kebm_autotask_cont_resource_schedule	n/a	○	Enable/disable container resource schedule
_kebm_autotask_nstrikes	○	○	kebm # strikes to auto suspend an autotask
_kebm_max_parallel_autotasks	○	○	maximum parallel autotask executions per instance
_kebm_nstrikes	○	○	kebm # strikes to auto suspend an action
_kebm_preshut_act_enabled	n/a	○	Enable/disable MMON Pre-shutdown Action
_kebm_sanity_check_enabled	○	○	Enable/disable MMON Action Sanity Check
_kebm_suspension_time	○	○	kebm auto suspension time in seconds
_kecap_cache_size	○	○	Workload Replay INTERNAL parameter used to set memory usage in Application Replay
_keep_19907_during_recovery	○	○	keep until scn within recovery target check in recovery
_keep_relocated_source_pdb	n/a	○	Move source pdb to unplugged state after relocation
_keep_remote_column_size	○	○	remote column size does not get modified
_kernel_message_network_driver	○	○	kernel message network driver
_kes_parse_model	○	○	SQL Tune/SPA KES Layer Parse Model control parameter
_kewm_simulate_oer4031	○	○	Simulate OER(4031) for one or more Metric Groups
_kewm_trace_sga	○	○	Enable/Disable Metrics SGA Allocation Tracing
_key_vector_alternate_dictionary	○	○	enables or disables key vector alternate dictionary generation
_key_vector_create_pushdown_threshold	○	○	minimum grouping keys for key vector create pushdown
_key_vector_double_enabled	○	○	enables or disables key vector support for binary_double
_key_vector_force_alternate_dictionary	○	○	stops key vector alternate dictionary from being disabled
_key_vector_join_pushdown_enabled	○	○	enables or disables key vector join push down support
_key_vector_max_size	○	○	maximum key vector size (in KB)
_key_vector_offload	○	○	controls key vector offload to cells
_key_vector_predicate_enabled	○	○	enables or disables key vector filter predicate pushdown
_key_vector_predicate_threshold	○	○	selectivity pct for key vector filter predicate pushdown
_key_vector_shared_dgk_ht	○	○	allows shared DGK hash table
_key_vector_timestamp_enabled	○	○	enables or disables key vector support for timestamp
_kffmap_hash_size	○	○	size of kffmap_hash table
_kffmlk_hash_size	○	○	size of kffmlk_hash table
_kffmof_fprate	n/a	○	acceptable false positive rate [1-10000] of the kffmof bloom filter
_kffmof_size	n/a	○	number of entries of the kffmof opened files bloom filter
_kffmop_chunks	○	○	number of chunks of kffmop's
_kffmop_hash_size	○	○	size of kffmop_hash table
_kffmop_list_check	n/a	○	enable PGA mop list sanity check
_kffmspw_hash_size	○	○	size of kffmspw_hash table
_kfi_software_patchmap	○	○	value of patchmap for software
_kfi_version_patchmap	○	○	pairs of version:patchmap for testing
_kfm_disable_set_fence	○	○	disable set fence calls and revert to default (process fence)
_kgh_free_list_min_effort	○	○	typical number of free list chunks to visit
_kgh_restricted_subheaps	○	○	number of subheaps in heap restricted mode
_kgh_restricted_trace	○	○	trace level for heap dump-restricted mode
_kghdsidx_count	○	○	max kghdsidx count
_kgl_bucket_bitvector	n/a	○	Enable creation of PDB bit vector in KGL Hash Buckets
_kgl_bucket_bitvector_clear	n/a	○	Enable clearing library cache bucket bit vector
_kgl_bucket_count	○	○	Library cache hash table bucket count (2^_kgl_bucket_count * 256)
_kgl_cluster_lock	○	○	Library cache support for cluster lock
_kgl_cluster_lock_read_mostly	○	○	Library cache support for cluster lock read mostly optimization
_kgl_cluster_pin	○	○	Library cache support for cluster pins
_kgl_debug	○	○	Library cache debugging
_kgl_fixed_extents	○	○	fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
_kgl_hash_collision	○	○	Library cache name hash collision possible
_kgl_heap_size	○	○	extent size for library cache heap 0
_kgl_hot_object_copies	○	○	Number of copies for the hot object
_kgl_iterator_action	○	○	Action to take if we dereference in-flux state in kgl iterator
_kgl_kqr_cap_so_stacks	○	○	capture stacks for library and row cache state objects
_kgl_large_heap_assert_threshold	○	○	maximum heap size before KGL raises an internal error
_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold	○	○	maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the alert log
_kgl_latch_count	○	○	number of library cache latches
_kgl_message_locks	○	○	RAC message lock count
_kgl_min_cached_so_count	○	○	Minimum cached SO count. If > 1 can help find SO corruptions
_kgl_time_to_wait_for_locks	○	○	time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
_kglsim_maxmem_percent	○	○	max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL advice
_kgsb_threshold_size	○	○	threshold size for base allocator
_kgx_latches	○	○	# of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
_kill_controlfile_enqueue_blocker	○	○	enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
_kill_diagnostics_timeout	○	○	timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
_kill_enqueue_blocker	○	○	if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
_kill_java_threads_on_eoc	○	○	Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end of call
_kill_session_dump	○	○	Process dump on kill session immediate
_kjac_direct_path_enabled	n/a	○	If direct path is enabled for TG
_kjac_force_outcome_current_session	○	○	if TRUE, enable to run force outcome on the current session
_kjdd_call_stack_dump_enabled	○	○	Enables printing of short call stack with the WFG
_kjdd_wfg_dump_cntrl	○	○	To control the way Wait-For_Graph is dumped
_kjltmaxgt	○	○	record latch requests that takes longer than this many us
_kjltmaxht	○	○	record latch reqeust that are held longer than this many us
_kjlton	○	○	track DLM latch usage on/off
_kkfi_trace	○	○	trace expression substitution
_kkpap_zm_pruning_cache	n/a	○	cache result of recursive zonemap partition pruning query
_kkpo_ctb_allow_vpd	○	n/a	allow VPD predicates in recursive SQL under CREATE TABLE
_kkpogpi_nocpy	○	○	attempt to avoid partition metadata copy in kkpogpi
_kkpox_prtmv_rel_lock	n/a	○	explicitly release PRTMV heap during cursor compile
_kks_always_check_bind_equivalence	n/a	○	Check bind equivalence every time
_kks_cached_parse_errors	○	○	KKS cached parse errors
_kks_obsolete_dump_threshold	○	○	Number of parent cursor obsoletions before dumping cursor
_kks_parse_error_warning	○	○	Parse error warning
_kktAllowInsteadOfDDLTriggeronDDL	○	○	Oracle internal parameter to allow instead of DDL triggers on specified DDLs
_kokli_cache_size	○	○	Size limit of ADT Table Lookup Cache
_kokln_current_read	○	○	Make all LOB reads for this session 'current' reads
_kolfuseslf	○	○	allow kolf to use slffopen
_kqdsn_cpu_digits	○	○	number of cpu digits in scalable sequence
_kqdsn_instance_digits	○	○	number of instance digits in scalable sequence
_kql_clientlocks_enabled	○	○	clients allocating DLM memory
_kql_subheap_trace	○	○	tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
_kqr_enable_conservative_logging	○	○	log kgl/kqr objects conservativly in redo
_kqr_hot_copy_sample_size	n/a	○	number of mutex gets between periodic checks for hot objects
_kqr_hot_copy_sleep_limit	n/a	○	threshold of mutex sleeps to enable object hot copies
_kqr_max_hot_copies	n/a	○	upper limit of object hot copies allowed
_kqr_optimistic_reads	○	○	optimistic reading of row cache objects
_kra_cfile_compaction	○	○	controlfile record compation
_kra_trace_buffer_size	○	○	size of I/O trace buffer
_krb_check_osd_block_endianess	○	○	Check OSD Block Endianess
_krb_trace_buffer_size	○	○	size of per-process I/O trace buffer
_krbabr_trace_buffer_size	○	○	size of I/O trace buffer
_krc_trace_buffer_size	○	○	size of I/O trace buffer
_krpm_trace_buffer_size	○	○	size of per-process mira trace buffer
_ksb_restart_clean_time	○	○	process uptime for restarts
_ksb_restart_policy_times	○	○	process restart policy times in seconds
_ksd_test_param	○	○	KSD test parmeter
_ksdx_charset_ratio	○	○	ratio between the system and oradebug character set
_ksdxdocmd_default_timeout_ms	○	○	default timeout for internal oradebug commands
_ksdxdocmd_enabled	○	○	if TRUE ksdxdocmd* invocations are enabled
_ksdxw_cini_flg	○	○	ksdxw context initialization flag
_ksdxw_nbufs	○	○	ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
_ksdxw_num_pgw	○	○	number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
_ksdxw_num_sgw	○	○	number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
_ksdxw_stack_depth	○	○	number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint is hit
_ksdxw_stack_readable	○	○	dump readable stack when watchpoint is hit
_kse_alt_stack_sig_syms	○	○	The number of top symbols used for the alternate stack signature
_kse_auto_core	○	○	generate core for unexpected SIGSEGV/SIGBUS
_kse_die_timeout	○	○	amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in centi-secs)
_kse_pc_table_size	○	○	kse pc table cache size
_kse_signature_entries	○	○	number of entries in the kse stack signature cache
_kse_signature_limit	○	○	number of stack frames to cache per kse signature
_kse_snap_ring_disable	○	○	set to TRUE or FALSE to disable or enable error logging
_kse_snap_ring_record_min	n/a	○	minimize recorded information in error stack history
_kse_snap_ring_record_stack	○	○	should error snap ring entries show a short stack trace
_kse_snap_ring_size	○	○	ring buffer to debug internal error 17090
_kse_snap_ring_suppress	○	○	List of error numbers to suppress in the snap error history
_kse_ssnt	○	○	disables symbol translation in short stacks to make them faster
_kse_trace_int_msg_clear	○	○	enables soft assert of KGECLEAERERROR is cleares an interrupt message
_ksfd_fob_pct	○	○	percentage of FOB state objects allocation
_ksfd_verify_write	○	○	verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
_ksfdx_tests	n/a	○	ksfdx testing - INTERNAL USE ONLY!
_ksfqp_row_count	n/a	○	row count of x$ksfqp
_ksgl_ltchs_held_ctxt	○	○	Average number of latches held per KSGL context
_ksgl_max_dyn_latches	○	○	Maximum number of KSGL dynamic latches
_ksi_clientlocks_enabled	○	○	if TRUE, DLM-clients can provide the lock memory
_ksi_pdb_checks	○	○	if TRUE (default), do consistency checks on PDB IDs
_ksi_trace	○	○	KSI trace string of lock type(s)
_ksi_trace_bucket	○	○	memory tracing: use ksi-private or rdbms-shared bucket
_ksi_trace_bucket_size	○	○	KSI trace bucket size in bytes (format: "LCK1:<n>-REST:<m>")
_ksim_time_monitor	○	○	ksim layer time dynamic monitor and statistics
_ksipc_aspc_enabled	○	○	is KSIPC Address Space Support Enabled
_ksipc_cksum_level	○	○	Configure IPC Checksum level for clients on a per transport basis
_ksipc_common_sl	○	○	Configure a single SL value for all client/transport combinations
_ksipc_efchecks	○	○	Check HCA/OS version for Exafusion
_ksipc_group_sz	○	○	Configure KSIPC group size
_ksipc_heap_extent	○	○	KSIPC Heap Extent Size
_ksipc_ipclw_cksum_enable	○	○	Configure IPCLW cksum
_ksipc_ipclw_conn_dump	○	○	Configure IPCLW connection dump rate
_ksipc_ipclw_enable_param	○	○	ipclw parameter enablement
_ksipc_ipclw_library_path	○	○	over-ride default location of lib ipclw
_ksipc_ipclw_rcvbuf_mb	n/a	○	Configure IPCLW RCVBUF SIZE (in MB)
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param1	○	n/a	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 1
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param2	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 2
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param3	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 3
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param4	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 4
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param5	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 5
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param6	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 6
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param7	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 7
_ksipc_ipclw_spare_param8	○	○	ksipc ipclw spare parameter 8
_ksipc_libipc_path	○	○	over-ride default location of libipc
_ksipc_loopback_ips	○	○	KSIPC Loopback IP addresses
_ksipc_mga_segment_size	○	○	KSIPC MGA Segment Size
_ksipc_mode	○	○	ksipc mode
_ksipc_netintr_timeout	n/a	○	Specify the timeout for queueing network interrupt to a processon a per transport basis
_ksipc_service_level	○	○	Configure service level for clients on a per transport basis
_ksipc_service_mask	○	○	KSIPC Service Mask
_ksipc_skgxp_compat_library_path	○	○	over-ride default location of lib skgxp compat
_ksipc_skgxp_library_path	○	○	over-ride default location of lib skgxp
_ksipc_spare_param1	○	○	ksipc spare param 1
_ksipc_spare_param2	○	n/a	ksipc spare param 2
_ksipc_spare_param3	○	○	ksipc spare param 3
_ksipc_spare_param4	○	○	ksipc spare param 4
_ksipc_spare_param5	○	○	ksipc spare param 5
_ksipc_trace_bucket	○	○	memory tracing: use ksipc-private or rdbms-shared bucket
_ksipc_trace_bucket_size	○	○	KSIPC trace bucket size in bytes (format: "IPC0:<n>-REST:<m>")
_ksipc_wait_flags	○	○	tune ksipcwait
_ksipc_window_size	○	○	Configure IPC Windowing Value for clients on a per transport basis
_ksipcsnsrv	○	○	Configure Shared Nothing Server Name
_ksm_post_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	○	○	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (post)
_ksm_pre_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	○	○	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (pre)
_ksm_shared_pool_stats_minsz	○	○	min value for printing stats
_ksm_shared_pool_stats_num_pdb	○	○	number of pdbs to dump shared pool info for
_ksm_sp_rcr_hits	○	○	hits to make object recurrent
_ksmb_debug	○	○	ksmb debug flags
_ksmd_protect_mode	○	○	KSMD protect mode for catching stale access
_ksmd_trace	○	○	ksmd tracing
_ksmg_granule_size	○	○	granule size in bytes
_ksmlsaf	○	○	KSM log alloc and free
_ksmsq_conn_per_epoch	n/a	○	KSMSQ Connections Per Epoch
_ksmsq_hintmaxinst	○	○	KSMSQ Hint Max Instances
_ksmsq_hintmaxproc	○	○	KSMSQ Hint Max Processes
_kspmx_enabled	n/a	○	KSPMX Is Enabled
_kspmxs_flush_cache_size	n/a	○	KSPMXS flush cache size
_kspmxs_latch_freelists	n/a	○	Number of managed PMEM latch freelists
_kspmxs_latch_usid_map_size	n/a	○	KSPMXS latch usid map size
_kspmxs_max_regions	n/a	○	KSPMXS max regions
_kspmxs_max_waits	n/a	○	KSPMXS max waits
_kspmxs_txn_freelists	n/a	○	Number of PMEM transactions freelists
_kspmxs_upgrade_mutexes	n/a	○	KSPMXS upgrade mutex
_kspmxs_usid_map_size	n/a	○	KSPMXS usid map size
_kspmxs_wait_buckets	n/a	○	KSPMXS wait buckets
_kspol_tac_timeout	○	○	timeouts for TAC registerd by kspol
_ksr_control_dyn_flags	n/a	○	KSR dyanamic control flags
_ksr_control_flags	n/a	○	KSR control flags
_ksr_unit_test_processes	○	○	number of ksr unit test processes
_ksrma_enabled	○	○	turn ksrma off, make it automatic, or turn on CMI or KSMSQ provider. Default is off
_ksrma_gsm_base_addr	○	○	Base Address to use for GSM
_kss_callstack_type	○	○	state object callstack trace type
_kss_quiet	○	○	if TRUE access violations during kss dumps are not recorded
_ksu_diag_kill_time	○	○	number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
_ksu_proc_percent_target	n/a	○	dynamic process usage target
_ksu_proc_percent_threshold	n/a	○	dynamic process usage threshold
_ksuitm_addon_trccmd	○	○	command to execute when dead processes don't go away
_ksuitm_dont_kill_dumper	○	○	delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
_ksv_dynamic_flags1	○	○	ksv dynamic flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksv_max_spawn_fail_limit	○	○	bg slave spawn failure limit
_ksv_pool_hang_kill_to	○	○	bg slave pool terminate timeout
_ksv_pool_wait_timeout	○	○	bg slave pool wait limit
_ksv_slave_exit_timeout	○	○	slave exit timeout
_ksv_spawn_control_all	○	○	control all spawning of background slaves
_ksv_static_flags1	○	○	ksv static flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksvppktmode	○	○	ksv internal pkt test
_ksws_alb_block_service	n/a	○	enable ALB Blocking of overloaded service
_ksws_alb_session_age	n/a	○	KSWS ALB Minimum age(seconds) of session to consider marking
_ksws_alb_test_delta_override	n/a	○	KSWS ALB total sessions after which service is blocked
_ksws_alb_test_drain_timeout	n/a	○	KSWS ALB time in seconds before draining kicks in
_ksws_alb_test_load_balance_frequency	n/a	○	KSWS ALB Load Balance Frequency in deci seconds
_ksws_alb_test_load_percent	n/a	○	KSWS ALB Load Percentage to trigger marking for draining
_ksws_alb_test_selection_bias	n/a	○	KSWS ALB percentage of sessions to target
_ksws_enable_alb	n/a	○	enable ALB metrics processing
_ksws_fallback_to_root	n/a	○	KSWS Fallback to Root CDB service
_ksws_goodness_control	○	○	KSWS Goodness Control to Manually override
_ksws_java_patching	○	○	java patching mode
_ksws_modsvc_call_out_enabled	n/a	○	modify service call out enabled
_ksws_rlb_cpu_busy_scope	n/a	○	KSWS RLB CPU BUSY SCOPE
_ksws_use_placement_template_attribute	n/a	○	use placement_template attribute
_kswsas_close_pdb_on_lstsvc	○	○	Close a PDB when the last user service is stopped
_kswsas_db_svc_mapping	○	○	Map db service name to different service
_kswsas_drain_kill_batch_size	○	○	Batch size for killing non-drained sessions
_kswsas_ht_log_size	○	○	kswsas_ht_log_size
_kswsas_num_jp_slaves	○	○	Number of slaves for java patching
_kswsas_pdb_auto_close_timeout	n/a	○	Close a PDB after the timeout
_ksxp_compat_flags	○	○	ksxp compat flags
_ksxp_control_flags	○	○	modify ksxp behavior
_ksxp_diagmode	○	○	set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
_ksxp_disable_clss	○	○	disable CLSS interconnects
_ksxp_disable_dynamic_loading	○	○	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_disable_ipc_stats	○	○	disable ipc statistics
_ksxp_disable_rolling_migration	○	○	disable possibility of starting rolling migration
_ksxp_dump_timeout	○	○	set timeout for kjzddmp request
_ksxp_dynamic_skgxp_param	○	○	dynamic skgxp parameters
_ksxp_exa_ip_config	○	○	ksxp exa ip config
_ksxp_if_config	○	○	ksxp if config flags
_ksxp_init_stats_bkts	○	○	initial number arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_ipclw_enabled	○	○	enable ipclw for KSXP
_ksxp_ipclw_ptswinsz	○	○	KSXP port conn send window
_ksxp_ksmsq_ip_config	○	○	ksxp ksmsq ip config
_ksxp_lw_post_flags	○	○	tune ksxp post (lw)
_ksxp_max_stats_bkts	○	○	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_ping_enable	○	○	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_ping_polling_time	○	○	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_poll_netintr_timeout	n/a	○	ksxp poll network interrupt timeout in seconds
_ksxp_reaping	○	○	tune ksxp layer reaping limit
_ksxp_reporting_process	○	○	reporting process for KSXP
_ksxp_save_sockets	○	○	Limit foreground process's sockets
_ksxp_save_sockets_pattern	○	○	Process pattern on which sockets saving is active
_ksxp_send_timeout	○	○	set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance IPC
_ksxp_skgxp_ant_options	○	○	SKGXP ANT options
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1	○	○	IPC debug options flags (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	○	○	IPC debug options flags mask (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	○	○	IPC protocol override (RAC) (0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,!0x1000=ipc_X)
_ksxp_skgxp_inets	○	○	limit SKGXP networks
_ksxp_skgxp_rgn_ports	○	○	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param1	○	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 1
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param2	○	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 2
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param3	○	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 3
_ksxp_skgxpg_last_parameter	○	○	last defined skgxpg parameter - ksxp
_ksxp_spare_param1	○	○	KSXP Spare Parameter 1
_ksxp_stats_mem_lmt	○	○	limit ipc statistics memory. this parameter is a percentage value
_ksxp_testing	○	○	KSXP test parameter
_ksxp_unit_test_byte_transformation	○	○	enable byte transformation unit test
_ksxp_validate_cnh_life_cycle	○	○	enable validation of ksxp connection life cycle
_ksxp_wait_flags	○	○	tune ksxpwait
_ksxp_xrc_cm_port	○	○	override XRC CM port
_ksz_dummy_parameter	n/a	○	Internal spare parameter for ksz.c
_ksz_dummy_parameter2	n/a	○	Internal spare parameter2 for ksz.c
_ktb_debug_flags	○	○	ktb-layer debug flags
_ktc_debug	○	○	for ktc debug
_ktc_latches	○	○	number of ktc latches
_ktilm_uga_off	○	○	Disable KTILM UGA cache activity tracking
_ktilmsc_exp	○	○	expiration time of ktilm segment cache (in second)
_ktslj_segext_max_mb	○	○	segment pre-extension max size in MB (0: unlimited)
_ktslj_segext_retry	○	○	segment pre-extension retry
_ktslj_segext_warning	○	○	segment pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktslj_segext_warning_mb	○	○	segment pre-extension warning threshold in MB
_ktspsrch_maxsc	○	○	maximum segments supported by space search cache
_ktspsrch_maxskip	○	○	space search cache rejection skip upper limit
_ktspsrch_scchk	○	○	cleanout check time of space search cache
_ktspsrch_scexp	○	○	expiration time of space search cache
_ktst_rss_max	○	○	maximum temp extents to be released across instance
_ktst_rss_min	○	○	minimum temp extents to be released across instance
_ktst_rss_retry	○	○	maximum retries of sort segment release
_ktt_tsid_reuse_threshold	○	○	tablespace id reuse threshold
_ktte_ts_shrink_group	n/a	○	tablespace shrink group
_ktte_ts_shrink_interval	n/a	○	tablespace shrink interval
_kttext_warning	○	○	tablespace pre-extension warning threshold in percentage	tablespace pre-extension and shrink warning threshold in percentage
_ktu_latches	○	○	number of KTU latches
_ku_trace	○	○	datapump trace parameter
_kxdbio_ctx_init_count	○	○	initial count of KXDBIO state object
_kxdbio_disable_offload_opcode	○	○	KXDBIO Disable offload for the set opcodes. Value is a Bitmap of 0x00000001 - disable cell to cell data copy offload 0x00000002 - disable disk scrubbing offload to cell 0x00000004 - disable offloaded writes to cell
_kxdbio_enable_ds_opcode	○	○	KXDBIO Enable Dumb storage simulation for the set opcodes.
_kxdbio_hca_loadavg_thresh	○	○	HCA loadavg threshold at which writes need to get offloaded
_kxdbio_offena_timeout	○	○	kxdbio re-enable offloaded write timeout
_kxdbio_ut_ctl	○	○	kxdbio unit test controls
_kxscio_cap_stacks	○	○	capture location when kxscio is set to null
_large_pool_min_alloc	○	○	minimum allocation size in bytes for the large allocation pool
_last_allocation_period	○	○	period over which an instance can retain an active level1 bitmap
_latch_class_0	○	○	latch class 0
_latch_class_1	○	○	latch class 1
_latch_class_2	○	○	latch class 2
_latch_class_3	○	○	latch class 3
_latch_class_4	○	○	latch class 4
_latch_class_5	○	○	latch class 5
_latch_class_6	○	○	latch class 6
_latch_class_7	○	○	latch class 7
_latch_classes	○	○	latch classes override
_latch_miss_stat_sid	○	○	Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
_latch_pause_count	○	○	Latch pause count
_latch_pause_mode	○	○	Latch pause mode
_latch_wait_list_pri_sleep_secs	○	○	Time to sleep on latch wait list until getting priority
_ldap_adaptive_to_no_nested_group_search	○	○	LDAP adaptive to no nested group search
_ldap_config_force_sync_up	○	○	LDAP configure force sync up
_ldap_config_ssl_for_sasl_md5	○	○	LDAP configure SSL for SASL-DIGEST-MD5
_ldap_no_nested_group_search	○	○	LDAP no nested group search
_ldap_password_oneway_auth	○	○	Use oneway auth for password based LDAP directory bind
_ldap_reset_user_account_flc	○	○	LDAP reset user account lockout counter
_ldap_use_all_direct_groups_only	n/a	○	LDAP use all direct groups only
_ldap_warning_on_multi_shared_mappings	n/a	○	LDAP warning on multiple shared mappings
_ldr_io_size	○	○	size of write IOs used during a load operation
_ldr_pga_lim	○	○	pga limit, beyond which new partition loads are delayed
_ldr_tempseg_threshold	○	○	amount to buffer prior to allocating temp segment (extent sizing)
_left_nested_loops_random	○	○	enable random distribution method for left of nestedloops
_lgwr_delay_write	○	○	LGWR write delay for debugging
_lgwr_io_outlier	○	○	LGWR I/O outlier frequency
_lgwr_io_slaves	○	○	LGWR I/O slaves
_lgwr_max_ns_wt	○	○	Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to progress
_lgwr_ns_nl_max	○	○	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_nl_min	○	○	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_sim_err	○	○	Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
_lgwr_posts_for_pending_bcasts	○	○	LGWR posts commit waiters for pending broadcasts
_lgwr_ta_sim_err	○	○	Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
_library_cache_advice	○	○	whether KGL advice should be turned on
_library_cache_dump_cooling_period	○	○	Period to wait (in minutes) before resetting dump count
_library_cache_dump_interval	○	○	Interval (in seconds) between each dump
_light_work_rule_debug	○	○	if TRUE, light work rule debugging is enabled
_lightweight_hdrs	○	○	Lightweight headers for redo
_like_with_bind_as_equality	○	○	treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
_limit_itls	○	○	limit the number of ITLs in OLTP Compressed Tables
_link_ts_force_online	n/a	○	force linked tablespace to be online
_link_ts_name	○	○	Name of linked tablespace
_listener_registration_retry_secs	n/a	○	listener registration retry time (in seconds)
_lm_activate_lms_threshold	○	○	threshold value to activate an additional lms
_lm_adrm_interval	○	○	active drm interval in centiseconds
_lm_adrm_options	○	○	active drm options
_lm_adrm_scan_timeout	○	○	active drm f2a/flush scan timeout in centisecs
_lm_adrm_time_out	○	○	active drm timeout in minutes
_lm_asm_enq_hashing	○	○	if TRUE makes ASM use enqueue master hashing for fusion locks
_lm_async_da	n/a	○	enable async da requests
_lm_batch_compression_threshold	○	○	GES threshold to start compression on batch messages
_lm_better_ddvictim	○	○	GES better deadlock victim
_lm_big_cluster_optimizations	○	○	enable certain big cluster optimizations in drm
_lm_broadcast_res	○	○	Enable broadcast of highest held mode of resource.
_lm_cache_allocated_res_ratio	○	○	ratio of cached over allocated resources	ratio of cached over allocated resources
_lm_cache_enqueue	○	○	string of enqueues to cache at the client: separate by	string of enqueues to cache at the client: separate by |, use DECIMAL identifiers or '*' as wildcard, eg. AK-12-*
_lm_cache_lvl0_cleanup	○	○	how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
_lm_cache_res_cleanup	○	○	percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
_lm_cache_res_cleanup_tries	○	○	max number of batches of cached resources to free per cleanup
_lm_cache_res_options	○	○	ges resource cache options
_lm_cache_res_skip_cleanup	○	○	multiple of iniital res cache below which cleanup is skipped
_lm_cache_res_type	○	○	cache resource: string of lock types(s)
_lm_check_ges_resource	○	○	GES: additional checks during resource allocation (0	GES: additional checks during resource allocation (0|1|2|3)
_lm_checksum_batch_msg	○	○	GES checksum batch messages
_lm_chk_inv_domenq_ops	○	○	enable checks for invalid enqueue operations on domains
_lm_comm_channel	○	○	GES communication channel type
_lm_comm_msgq_bufr_multiple	○	○	MSGQ_DRMQ multiple for maximum buffers
_lm_comm_msgq_busywait	○	○	busy wait time in microsecond for msgq
_lm_comm_msgq_copy_buffers	○	○	MSGQ_DRMQ copy msgs to new buffer
_lm_comm_msgq_fixed_buffers	○	○	MSGQ with fixed number of receive buffers
_lm_comm_rcv_msg_history_slots	○	○	GES communication receive message history slots
_lm_comm_reap_count	○	○	message reap count for receive
_lm_comm_send_proxy_nr_delay	n/a	○	Send proxy delay before sending NULLREQ
_lm_comm_send_proxy_tkt_return	n/a	○	Allow send proxy to return tickets
_lm_comm_slow_op_loop_threshold	○	○	GES communication slow operation loop threshold in ms
_lm_comm_slow_op_spx_loop_threshold	n/a	○	GES comm slow spx operation loop threshold in microsec
_lm_comm_slow_op_stat_dump_threshold	○	○	GES communication slow operation stat dump threshold in sec
_lm_comm_sync_seq_on_send_failure	○	○	GES communication sync seq for failed sends after reconfig
_lm_comm_tkts_adaptive	○	○	Adpative ticketing enabled
_lm_comm_tkts_adpt_rsv	n/a	○	Adpative ticketing reserve multiple
_lm_comm_tkts_calc_period_length	○	○	Weighted average calculation interval length (us)
_lm_comm_tkts_max_add	○	○	Ticket allocation maximum allotments
_lm_comm_tkts_max_periods	○	○	Max number of periods used in weighted avearage calculation
_lm_comm_tkts_min_decrease_wait	○	○	Seconds to wait before allowing an allocation decrease
_lm_comm_tkts_min_increase_wait	○	○	Seconds to wait before allowing an allocation increase
_lm_comm_tkts_mult_factor	○	○	Ticket allocation multiplication factor
_lm_comm_tkts_nullreq_threshold	○	○	Null request threshold
_lm_comm_tkts_sub_factor	○	○	Ticket allocation subtraction factor
_lm_compression_scheme	○	○	GES compression scheme
_lm_contiguous_res_count	○	○	number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same HV bucket
_lm_da_win_enable	n/a	○	enable da windowing
_lm_da_window	n/a	○	number of windows in domain action
_lm_da_window_interval	n/a	○	Interval in centiseconds between each domain action window
_lm_db_rank	○	○	rank of this DB for process priority purposes
_lm_db_ranks	○	○	ranks of DBs on this node
_lm_dd_ignore_nodd	○	○	if TRUE nodeadlockwait/nodeadlockblock options are ignored
_lm_dd_interval	○	○	dd time interval in seconds
_lm_dd_max_search_time	○	○	max dd search time per token
_lm_dd_maxdump	○	○	max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation	max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation
_lm_dd_scan_interval	○	○	dd scan interval in seconds
_lm_dd_search_cnt	○	○	number of dd search per token get
_lm_default_failure_action	n/a	○	default failure action
_lm_deferred_msg_timeout	○	○	deferred message timeout
_lm_domain_hash_buckets	○	○	number of buckets for the domains hash table
_lm_drm_banned_objs	○	○	list of objects not allowed to do drm
_lm_drm_batch_time	○	○	time in seconds to wait to batch drm requests
_lm_drm_disable	○	○	disable drm in different level
_lm_drm_disable_kjfc	○	○	disable drm at kjfc level
_lm_drm_duration_limit	○	○	set drm object duration limit (secs time/object size)
_lm_drm_duration_limit_type	○	○	drm object time limit type (time/size)
_lm_drm_filter_history_window	○	○	drm filter history window
_lm_drm_filter_history_window_type	○	○	drm object time limit type (time/size)
_lm_drm_filters	○	○	enable drm filters
_lm_drm_hiload_percentage	○	○	drm high load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_lowload_percentage	○	○	drm low load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_max_banned_objs	○	○	maximum number of objects not allowed to do drm
_lm_drm_max_requests	○	○	dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed together
_lm_drm_min_interval	○	○	minimum interval in secs between two consecutive drms
_lm_drm_object_scan	○	○	enable/disable object scan to force full table scan always
_lm_drm_we_interval	○	○	drm wait events collection interval in seconds
_lm_drm_we_size	○	○	size of drm wait events statistics
_lm_drm_window	○	○	dynamic remastering bucket window size
_lm_drm_xlatch	○	○	dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
_lm_drmopt12	○	○	enable drm scan optimizations in 12
_lm_dump_null_lock	○	○	dump null lock in state dump
_lm_dynamic_lms	○	○	dynamic lms invocation
_lm_dynamic_load	○	○	dynamic load adjustment
_lm_dynamic_sga_target	○	○	dynamically adjust for changes in SGA size
_lm_enable_aff_benefit_stats	○	○	enables affinity benefit computations if TRUE
_lm_enable_pdb_abort	n/a	○	enable pdb abort as default failure action
_lm_enable_translation	○	○	tells if KJURN_PDBID should translate using kpdb calls
_lm_enq_iso_enabled	○	○	if TRUE enables enqueue isolation
_lm_enq_lock_freelist	○	○	Number of ges enqueue element freelist
_lm_enq_rcfg	○	○	if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout	○	○	enqueue blocker dump timeout
_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout_cnt	○	○	enqueue blocker dump timeout count
_lm_enqueue_blocker_kill_timeout	○	○	enqueue blocker kill timeout
_lm_enqueue_freelist	○	○	Number of enqueue freelist
_lm_enqueue_timeout	○	○	enqueue suggested min timeout in seconds
_lm_exadata_fence_type	○	○	if FALSE disable Exadata fence type
_lm_fdrm_stats	○	○	gather full drm statistics
_lm_file_affinity	○	○	mapping between file id and master instance number
_lm_file_read_mostly	○	○	mapping between read-mostly file id and master instance number
_lm_free_queue_threshold	○	○	GES free queue threshold
_lm_freeze_kill_time	○	○	timeout for killing unfrozen processes in rcfg/drm freeze step
_lm_gcs_rht_alloc_size	n/a	○	gcs rht allocation chunk size
_lm_ges_rht_alloc_size	n/a	○	ges rht allocation chunk size
_lm_ges_rht_mem_pct	n/a	○	options to size RHT structures per pdb
_lm_gl_hash_scheme	○	○	group lock table hashing scheme (0	group lock table hashing scheme (0|1|2)
_lm_global_posts	○	○	if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
_lm_hash_control	○	○	bit field controlling the hashing behavior of the lock manager
_lm_hashtable_bkt_high	○	○	High element threshold in hash table bucket
_lm_hashtable_bkt_low	○	○	Low element threshold in hash table bucket
_lm_hashtable_bkt_thr	○	○	Threshold for hash table resizing
_lm_hb_acceptable_hang_condition	○	○	list of acceptable hang conditions in heartbeat check
_lm_hb_callstack_collect_time	○	○	hb diagnostic call stack collection time in seconds
_lm_hb_callstack_collect_time_long	○	○	extended hb diagnostic call stack collection time in seconds
_lm_hb_cfio_timeout	○	○	control file io timeout in seconds
_lm_hb_disable_check_list	○	○	list of process names to be disabled in heartbeat check
_lm_hb_enable_acl_check	○	○	to enable the wait analysis with acceptable condition lists
_lm_hb_exponential_hang_time_factor	○	○	heartbeat exponential hang time multiplier
_lm_hb_lgio_timeout	n/a	○	LGWR io timeout in seconds
_lm_hb_maximum_hang_report_count	○	○	maximum heartbeat hang report count
_lm_hb_per_proc_behavior	○	○	heartbeat behavior
_lm_hb_per_proc_timeout	○	○	heartbeat timeout
_lm_hb_timeout_extension	○	○	heartbeat timeout extension in seconds
_lm_high_load_sysload_percentage	○	○	high watermark system load percentage
_lm_high_load_threshold	○	○	high load threshold parameter
_lm_hwc_disabled	○	○	to disable handle with care behavior
_lm_idle_connection_action	○	○	GES idle connection action
_lm_idle_connection_check	○	○	GES idle connection check
_lm_idle_connection_check_interval	○	○	GES idle connection check interval time
_lm_idle_connection_instance_check_callout	○	○	GES idle connection instance check callout
_lm_idle_connection_kill	○	○	GES idle connection kill
_lm_idle_connection_kill_max_skips	○	○	GES idle connection max skip kill request
_lm_idle_connection_load_check	○	○	GES idle connection load check
_lm_idle_connection_max_ignore_kill_count	○	○	GES maximum idle connection kill request ignore count
_lm_idle_connection_quorum_threshold	○	○	GES idle connection health quorum threshold
_lm_inherited_max_requests	○	○	maximum inherited affinity dissolve requests processed together
_lm_kill_fg_on_timeout	○	○	GES kill fg on IPC timeout
_lm_lazy_domain_timeout	○	○	lazy domain timeout in seconds
_lm_lazy_recovery_member_timeout	○	○	lazy recovery member detach timeout in seconds
_lm_lhupd_interval	○	○	load and health update interval
_lm_lmd_waittime	○	○	default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
_lm_lmon_nowait_latch	○	○	if TRUE makes lmon get nowait latches with timeout loop
_lm_lms	○	○	number of background gcs server processes to start
_lm_lms_no_yield	○	○	if TRUE, LMS will not yield in spin mode
_lm_lms_opt_priority	○	○	enable freeslot lms priority optimization
_lm_lms_priority_check_frequency	○	○	frequency of LMS priority decisions in milliseconds
_lm_lms_priority_dynamic	○	○	enable lms priority modification
_lm_lms_rt_threshold	○	○	maximum number of real time lms processes on machine
_lm_lms_spin	○	○	make lms not sleep
_lm_lms_waittime	○	○	default wait time for lms in centiseconds
_lm_local_hp_enq	○	○	use static file affinity for HP enqueue mastership
_lm_locks	○	○	number of enqueues configured for cluster database
_lm_low_load_percentage	○	○	low watermark percentage for load threshold
_lm_master_weight	○	○	master resource weight for this instance
_lm_max_lms	○	○	max. number of background global cache server processes
_lm_max_lms_block_time	○	○	max blocking time allowed on LMS (sec)
_lm_mp_additional_big_buffers	n/a	○	GES MP extra big buffers per pool
_lm_mp_additional_reg_buffers	n/a	○	GES MP extra regular buffers per pool
_lm_mp_avail_queue_threshold	○	○	GES MP avail queue threshold
_lm_mp_bulk_mbuf_free	○	○	GES MP bulk free message buffer queues
_lm_mp_expand_big_pool_percent	n/a	○	GES MP expand big pool
_lm_mp_expand_reg_pool_percent	n/a	○	GES MP expand regular pool
_lm_mp_latch_trigger	○	○	GES MP Latch trigger threshold for trace lines
_lm_mp_latch_trigger_soft	○	○	GES MP Latch trigger threshold for soft assert
_lm_mp_share_lms_pools	n/a	○	GES MP share LMS pools with critical BGs
_lm_mp_small_lms_pools	n/a	○	GES MP small regular pool for LMS when not sharing
_lm_msg_batch_size	○	○	GES batch message size
_lm_msg_cleanup_interval	○	○	GES message buffer cleanup interval time
_lm_msg_pool_dump_threshold	○	○	GES message pool dump threshold in terms of buffer count
_lm_msg_pool_user_callstack_dump	○	○	GES message pool call stack dump upon exceeding of threshold
_lm_new_esm	n/a	○	use new enter server mode code
_lm_no_lh_check	○	○	skip load and health check at decision points
_lm_no_sync	○	○	skip reconfiguration/drm syncr/synca messaging
_lm_node_join_opt	○	○	cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
_lm_non_fault_tolerant	○	○	disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
_lm_nonisolated_restype	○	○	string of resource types banned from enqueue isolation
_lm_num_bnft_stats_buckets	○	○	number of buckets in the benefit stats hash table
_lm_num_msg_pools_per_type	○	○	number of GES message pools per type
_lm_num_pt_buckets	○	○	number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
_lm_num_pt_latches	○	○	number of latches in the object affinity hash table
_lm_omni_ack_timeout	○	○	Max time to wait for omni acks before triggering netcheck in secs
_lm_optmode_switch	○	○	GES: Optmode switching for enqueues (none, manual, stats-driven)
_lm_pdb_domains_enable	○	○	enable pdb domains in DLM
_lm_pdb_wait_all_gone	○	○	pdb domain attach wait until all locks are gone
_lm_pdb_weight_opts	n/a	○	options to size RHT structures per pdb
_lm_postevent_buffer_size	○	○	postevent buffer size
_lm_preregister_css_restype	○	○	enqueue type that requires pre-registration to css
_lm_proc_freeze_timeout	○	○	reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
_lm_process_batching	○	○	GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
_lm_process_lock_q_scan_limit	○	○	limit on scanning process lock queue instead of resource convert lock queue
_lm_procs	○	○	number of client processes configured for cluster database
_lm_psrcfg	○	○	enable pseudo reconfiguration
_lm_rac_spare_dp1	○	○	rac parameter dp1
_lm_rac_spare_dp10	○	○	rac parameter dp10
_lm_rac_spare_dp2	○	○	rac parameter dp2
_lm_rac_spare_dp3	○	○	rac parameter dp3
_lm_rac_spare_dp4	○	○	rac parameter dp4
_lm_rac_spare_dp5	○	○	rac parameter dp5
_lm_rac_spare_dp6	○	○	rac parameter dp6
_lm_rac_spare_dp7	○	○	rac parameter dp7
_lm_rac_spare_dp8	○	○	rac parameter dp8
_lm_rac_spare_dp9	○	○	rac parameter dp9
_lm_rac_spare_p1	○	○	rac parameter p1
_lm_rac_spare_p10	○	○	rac parameter p10
_lm_rac_spare_p11	○	○	rac parameter p11
_lm_rac_spare_p12	○	○	rac parameter p12
_lm_rac_spare_p13	○	○	rac parameter p13
_lm_rac_spare_p14	○	○	rac parameter p14
_lm_rac_spare_p15	○	○	rac parameter p15
_lm_rac_spare_p16	○	○	rac parameter p16
_lm_rac_spare_p2	○	○	rac parameter p2
_lm_rac_spare_p3	○	○	rac parameter p3
_lm_rac_spare_p4	○	○	rac parameter p4
_lm_rac_spare_p5	○	○	rac parameter p5
_lm_rac_spare_p6	○	○	rac parameter p6
_lm_rac_spare_p7	○	○	rac parameter p7
_lm_rac_spare_p8	○	○	rac parameter p8
_lm_rac_spare_p9	○	○	rac parameter p9
_lm_rcfg_kjcdump_time	○	○	dlm reconfiguration communication dump interval
_lm_rcfg_timeout	○	○	dlm reconfiguration timeout
_lm_rcvinst	○	○	instance inheritance
_lm_rcvinst_atp_opt	○	○	recovery instance optimization for ATP
_lm_rcvinst_sga_threshold	○	○	recovery buddy SGA threshold
_lm_rcvr_hang_allow_time	○	○	receiver hang allow time in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_cfio_kill	○	○	to kill receiver hang at control file IO
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_frequency	○	○	receiver hang check frequency in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_system_load	○	○	examine system load when check receiver health
_lm_rcvr_hang_kill	○	○	to kill receiver hang
_lm_rcvr_hang_systemstate_dump_level	○	○	systemstate dump level upon receiver hang
_lm_receiver_type	n/a	○	receiver thread type performing receive function
_lm_recovery_pdbw_reduction	n/a	○	recovery member pdbw reduction
_lm_recovery_set	○	○	enable recovery set checking for accessing invalid domains
_lm_reloc_use_mhint	○	○	if TRUE, AR-/AH-enqueues use mastering hints
_lm_res_hash_bucket	○	○	number of resource hash buckets
_lm_res_part	○	○	number of resource partition configured for gcs
_lm_res_tm_hash_bucket	○	○	number of extra TM resource hash buckets
_lm_resend_open_convert_timeout	○	○	timeout in secs before resubmitting the open-convert
_lm_resource_recycle_cnt	n/a	○	GES: number of resources to recycle optimization
_lm_ress	○	○	number of resources configured for cluster database
_lm_rm_object_bypass	○	○	enable read-mostly object bypass for HARIM
_lm_rm_slaves	○	○	number of remastering slaves
_lm_send_mode	○	○	GES send mode
_lm_send_queue_batching	○	○	GES send queue message batching
_lm_send_queue_length	○	○	GES send queue maximum length
_lm_sendproxy_reserve	○	○	GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
_lm_share_lock_opt	○	○	if TRUE enables share lock optimization
_lm_share_lock_pdbisolation	○	○	if TRUE enables share lock optimization with pdb isolation
_lm_share_lock_restype	○	○	string of enqueue resource types eligible for S-optimisation
_lm_single_inst_affinity_lock	○	○	enable single instance affinity lock optimization
_lm_singleton_pdb_opt	○	○	RAC PDB singleton optimization
_lm_sndq_flush_int	○	○	send queue flush time interval (ms)
_lm_sp_slave_mode	n/a	○	sendproxy slave operation mode
_lm_sp_slaves	○	○	number of sendproxy slaves
_lm_spare_threads	○	○	number of spare threads to be created by the GPnP master
_lm_spare_undo	○	○	number of spare undo tablespaces to be created by GPnP master
_lm_sq_batch_factor	○	○	GES send queue minimum batching factor
_lm_sq_batch_type	○	○	GES send queue batching mechanism
_lm_sq_batch_waittick	○	○	GES send queue batching waittime in tick
_lm_sync_timeout	○	○	Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
_lm_throttle_time_interval	○	○	GES message throttle interval time in sec
_lm_ticket_active_sendback	○	○	Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
_lm_ticket_check_inject	○	○	Inject tickets when flow control tkt leak discoverd
_lm_ticket_low_limit_warning	○	○	lowest number of avail tickets percentage threshold warning
_lm_ticket_min	○	○	GES messaging tickets per instance minimum
_lm_tickets	○	○	GES messaging tickets
_lm_timed_statistics_level	○	○	if non zero, it enables timed statistics on lmd and lms
_lm_tkt_leak_check_count	○	○	Consecutive low NULLACKs to trigger leak check
_lm_tkt_leak_check_seconds	○	○	Duration of leak check in seconds
_lm_tx_delta	○	○	TX lock localization delta
_lm_uid_default_lookup_value	○	○	returns the default value for uid to id translation
_lm_use_gcr	○	○	use GCR module if TRUE
_lm_use_new_defmsgtmo_action	○	○	use new defered msg queue timeout action
_lm_use_tx_tsn	○	○	use undo tsn affinity master as TX enqueue master
_lm_use_us_timer	○	○	Use microsecond timer for LM hist
_lm_validate_pbatch	○	○	GES process batch validation
_lm_wait_for_hub_rcv_timeout	○	○	read-only insts wait for hub avaliable to recover in millis
_lm_wait_pending_send_queue	○	○	GES wait on pending send queue
_lm_watchpoint_kjmddp	○	○	list of kjmddp fields for memory watchpoint
_lm_watchpoint_maximum	○	○	GES number of watchpoints
_lm_watchpoint_timeout	○	○	GES maximum time in seconds to keep watchpoint
_lm_wrkr_mode	n/a	○	LMS worker thread mode
_lm_wrkr_slaves	n/a	○	number of LMS worker slaves
_lm_xids	○	○	number of transaction IDs configured for cluster database
_lmhb_max_dynamic_hb	n/a	○	max number of proc heartbeats that can be dynamically monitored
_lmhb_procstate_dump_cputime_limit	○	○	hb diagnostic cputime limit for process state dump in secs
_lmhb_procstate_dump_runtime_limit	○	○	hb diagnostic runtime limit for process state dump in secs
_lmn_invalidlkr_enabled	○	○	suppl logging for invalid lkr enabled
_lms_rollbacks	○	○	Maximum number of CR rollbacks per block under LMS
_load_without_compile	○	○	Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
_lob_use_locator_varying_width	○	○	use varying width flag in lob locator
_local_arc_assert_on_wait	○	○	Assert whenever local ORL arch waits for space
_local_communication_costing_enabled	○	○	enable local communication costing when TRUE
_local_communication_ratio	○	○	set the ratio between global and local communication (0..100)
_local_hang_analysis_interval_secs	○	○	the interval at which local hang analysis is run
_lock_dc_users_time	○	○	max time to attempt to lock dc_users
_lock_next_constraint_count	○	○	max number of attempts to lock _NEXT_CONSTRAINT
_lock_ref_constraint_count	○	○	number of nowait attempts to lock referential constraint
_lock_ref_descendants_count	○	○	number of nowait attempts to lock ref-partitioning descendants
_log_archive_avoid_memcpy	○	n/a	log archive avoid memcpy
_log_archive_buffers	○	○	Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
_log_archive_network_redo_size	○	○	Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
_log_archive_prot_auto_demote	○	○	log archive protection auto demotion
_log_archive_strong_auth	○	○	log archive security strong auth
_log_archive_trace_pids	○	○	log archive trace pids parameter
_log_blocks_during_backup	○	○	log block images when changed during backup
_log_buffer_coalesce	○	○	Coalescing log buffers for log writes
_log_buffers_corrupt	○	○	corrupt redo buffers before write
_log_buffers_debug	○	○	debug redo buffers (slows things down)
_log_checkpoint_recovery_check	○	○	# redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
_log_committime_block_cleanout	○	○	Log commit-time block cleanout
_log_deletion_policy	○	○	archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all destination
_log_file_sync_timeout	○	○	Log file sync timeout (centiseconds)
_log_max_optimize_threads	○	○	maximum number of threads to which log scan optimization is applied
_log_parallelism_dynamic	○	○	Enable dynamic strands
_log_parallelism_max	○	○	Maximum number of log buffer strands
_log_private_mul	○	○	Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
_log_private_parallelism_mul	○	○	Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private strands
_log_read_buffer_size	○	○	buffer size for reading log files
_log_read_buffers	○	○	Number of log read buffers for media recovery
_log_segment_dump_parameter	○	○	Dump KSP on Log Segmentation
_log_segment_dump_patch	○	○	Dump Patchinfo on Log Segmentation
_log_silicon_secured_memory	○	○	enable silicon secured memory (log)
_log_simultaneous_copies	○	○	number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of copy latches)
_log_space_errors	○	○	should we report space errors to alert log
_log_switch_timeout	○	○	Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log could span
_log_switch_tracing_iterations	n/a	○	no. of iterations to trace after logswitch timeout
_log_switch_tracing_timeout	n/a	○	dbwr to trace after logswitch timeout in secs
_log_write_info_size	○	○	Size of log write info array
_log_write_worker_post_spinwait	○	○	How long log write workers spin wait before posting FGs
_log_write_worker_task_prefetch	○	○	Log write worker prefetches tasks
_log_write_worker_task_spinwait	○	○	How long log write workers spin wait for imminent tasks
_log_writer_worker_dlm_hearbeat_update_freq	○	○	LGWR worker DLM health-monitoring heartbeat update frequency (ms)
_logminer_parallel_read	n/a	○	LogMiner parallel read
_logout_storm_rate	○	○	number of processes that can logout in a second
_logout_storm_retrycnt	○	○	maximum retry count for logouts
_logout_storm_timeout	○	○	timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between retries
_long_bcast_ack_warning_threshold	○	○	threshold for long bcast ack warning messages in ms
_long_log_write_warning_threshold	○	○	threshold for long log write warning messages in ms
_longops_enabled	○	○	longops stats enabled
_longops_per_latch	○	○	number of longops to allocate per latch
_lost_write_parallelism_change_tracking	○	○	Maximum number of lost write change tracking buffers
_low_scn_headroom_warning_threshold_days	○	○	low SCN headroom warning threshold in days
_low_server_threshold	○	○	low server thresholds
_lowres_drift_allowed_sec	○	○	allowed lowres timer drift for VKTM
_lrgdbcz6_ignore_restrictions	○	○	Temp parameter to ignore app script restrictions for lrgdbcz6
_ltc_trace	○	○	tracing level for load table conventional
_lthread_cleanup_intv_secs	○	○	interval for cleaning lightweight threads in secs
_lthread_clnup_hk_wait_secs	○	○	timeout after hard killing operation for lthread to exit
_lthread_clnup_pmon_softkill_wait_secs	○	○	wait timeout for PMON between soft kill and hard kill of lthreads
_lthread_clnup_spawner_sk_wait_secs	○	○	timeout for spawner between soft kill and hard kill of lthreads
_lthread_debug	○	○	Enable Debugging mode for lightweight threads
_lthread_enabled	○	○	Enable lightweight threads
_lthread_idle_timeout_secs	○	○	Idle timeout in seconds for LWTs to terminate
_lthread_max_spawn_time_csecs	○	○	maximum time interval a spawner will wait for a lthread to get ready
_lthread_spawn_check_intv_ms	○	○	time interval for a spawner to check for spawnee to get ready
_lthread_step_debugging	○	○	Enable Step wise Debugging mode for lightweight threads
_main_dead_process_scan_interval	○	○	PMON main dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_master_direct_sends	○	○	direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
_mav_refresh_consistent_read	○	○	refresh materialized views using consistent read snapshot
_mav_refresh_double_count_prevented	○	○	materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
_mav_refresh_opt	○	○	optimizations during refresh of materialized views
_mav_refresh_unionall_tables	○	○	# tables for union all expansion during materialized view refresh
_max_aq_persistent_queue_memory	○	○	max aq persistent queue memory
_max_async_wait_for_catch_up	○	○	Switchover wait time for async LNS to catch up in seconds
_max_clients_per_emon	○	○	maximum number of clients per emon
_max_cr_rollbacks	○	○	Maximum number of CR rollbacks per block (LMS)
_max_data_transfer_cache_size	○	○	Maximum size of data transfer cache
_max_defer_gran_xfer_atonce	○	○	Maximum deferred granules transferred by MMAN atonce
_max_dynamic_processes	n/a	○	max dynamic processes count
_max_dynamic_sessions	○	○	max dynamic session count
_max_exponential_sleep	○	○	max sleep during exponential backoff
_max_filestat_tries	○	○	maximum number of file stat tries
_max_flashback_shrink_size	n/a	○	maximum size(in KBs) a datafile can be shrunk with flashback DB
_max_fsu_exptime	○	○	Fast Space Usage: Entry expiration time in seconds
_max_fsu_segments	○	○	Maximum segments to track for fast space usage
_max_fsu_sgapcent	○	○	Percentage of shared pool for Fast Space Usage
_max_fsu_stale_time	○	○	Allowed space usage staleness in seconds
_max_gg_extracts	n/a	○	maximum limit for goldengate extract instances
_max_incident_file_size	○	○	Maximum size (in KB, MB, GB, Blocks) of incident dump file
_max_io_size	○	○	Maximum I/O size in bytes for sequential file accesses
_max_kcnibr_ranges	○	○	Max number of nonlogged data block ranges
_max_large_io	○	○	IORM:max number of large I/O's to issue
_max_largepage_alloc_time_secs	○	○	Maximum number of seconds to spend on largepage allocation
_max_library_cache_dumps	○	○	Maximum number of dumps allowed
_max_lns_shutdown_archival_time	○	○	Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during shutdown
_max_log_write_parallelism	○	○	Maximum parallelism within a log write (auto=0)
_max_lwt_cpu_ratio	○	○	ratio to determine the maximum CPUs for LWTs
_max_outstanding_log_writes	○	○	Maximum number of outstanding redo log writes
_max_pending_scn_bcasts	○	○	maximum number of pending SCN broadcasts
_max_physmem_perc_mmt	○	○	maximum percentage of physical memory for memory_max_target
_max_physmem_perc_sga	○	○	maximum percentage of physical memory for SGA
_max_protocol_support	○	○	Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
_max_queued_report_requests	○	○	Maximum number of report requests that can be queued in a list
_max_reasonable_scn_rate	○	○	Max reasonable SCN rate
_max_remote_tool_requests	○	○	Maximum number of remote tool requests
_max_report_flushes_percycle	○	○	Max no of report requests that can be flushed per cycle
_max_row_cache_dumps	○	○	Maximum number of dumps allowed
_max_rwgs_groupings	○	○	maximum no of groupings on materialized views
_max_services	○	○	maximum number of database services
_max_shrink_obj_stats	○	○	number of segments for which shrink stats will be maintained
_max_shutdown_abort_secs	○	○	Maximum wait time for shutdown abort in seconds
_max_sleep_holding_latch	○	○	max time to sleep while holding a latch
_max_small_io	○	○	IORM:max number of small I/O's to issue
_max_spacebg_msgs_percentage	○	○	maximum space management interrupt message throttling
_max_spacebg_slaves	○	○	maximum space management background slaves
_max_spacebg_tasks	○	○	maximum space management background tasks
_max_sql_stmt_length	○	○	Maximum allowed sql statement length
_max_stmt_tries_sync	○	○	Maximum number of tries of a statement during Application Sync
_max_string_size_bypass	○	○	controls error checking for the max_string_size parameter
_max_sys_next_extent	○	○	Dictionary managed SYSTEM tablespace maximum next extent size in MB (allowed range [16-4095], 0 if unlimited)
_maxrpop_files_inst	○	○	Maxmimum files rpop works on per instance
_maxrpop_instances	○	○	Maxmimum rpop file instances	Maxmimum rpop file instances
_mdapi_transform_engine	n/a	○	DDL transformation engine
_media_recovery_read_batch	○	○	media recovery block read batch
_mem_annotation_pr_lev	○	○	private memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_scale	○	○	memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
_mem_annotation_sh_lev	○	○	shared memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_store	○	○	memory annotation in-memory store
_mem_std_extent_size	○	○	standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
_memoptimize_xmem_pool_size	○	○	Size of MEMOPTIMIZE buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory
_memory_adi_bytes_per_alloc	○	○	bytes per allocation to get memory application data integrity
_memory_adi_enabled	○	○	enable memory application data integrity
_memory_adi_extend	○	○	enable ADI for kgh headers and free memory
_memory_adi_heap_mask	○	○	enable ADI versioning for these heaps
_memory_adi_module_mask	○	○	bit mask of modules to enable ADI versioning
_memory_adi_precise_errors	○	○	enable precise memory application data integrity errors
_memory_broker_log_stat_entries	○	○	memory broker num stat entries
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_bc	○	○	Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_sp	○	○	Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
_memory_broker_sga_grow_split	○	○	if TRUE, allow sga grow to be split between cache and sp
_memory_broker_sga_grow_splitif_size	○	○	split sga target grow if atleast this many granules.
_memory_broker_sga_shrink_chunk_size	○	○	if kmgsbshnkbrk set, sga request resize chunk size in granules.
_memory_broker_sga_shrink_chunked	○	○	if TRUE, break a large sga shrink request to chunks
_memory_broker_shrink_heaps	○	○	memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
_memory_broker_shrink_java_heaps	○	○	memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
_memory_broker_shrink_streams_pool	○	○	memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
_memory_broker_shrink_timeout	○	○	memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
_memory_broker_stat_interval	○	○	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto sga
_memory_checkinuse_timeintv	○	○	check inuse time interval
_memory_imm_mode_without_autosga	○	○	Allow immediate mode without sga/memory target
_memory_initial_sga_split_perc	○	○	Initial default sga target percentage with memory target
_memory_management_tracing	○	○	trace memory management activity
_memory_max_tgt_inc_cnt	○	○	counts the times checker increments memory target
_memory_mgmt_fail_immreq	○	○	always fail immediate mode request
_memory_mgmt_immreq_timeout	○	○	time in seconds to time out immediate mode request
_memory_nocancel_defsgareq	○	○	do not cancel deferred sga reqs with auto-memory
_memory_sanity_check	○	○	partial granule sanity check
_merge_monitor_threshold	○	○	threshold for pushing information to MERGE monitoring
_messages	○	○	message queue resources - dependent on # processes & # buffers
_mga_large_page_path	○	○	large page path
_mgd_rcv_handle_orphan_datafiles	○	○	Managed recovery handle orphan datafile situation
_midtier_affinity_cluswait_prc_threshold	○	○	cluster wait precentage threshold to enter affinity
_midtier_affinity_goodness_threshold	○	○	goodness gradient threshold to dissolve affinity
_min_autotask_percentage	○	○
_min_lwt_lt	○	○	minimum low threshold for LWTs
_min_spacebg_slaves	○	○	minimum space management background slaves
_min_sys_percentage	○	○
_min_sys_process	○	○	minimum system processess
_min_time_between_psp0_diag_secs	○	○	minimum time between PSP0 diagnostic used for flow control
_min_undosegs_for_parallel_fptr	○	○	minimum undo segments for parallel first-pass recovery
_minact_timeout	○	○	Configurable interval for minact-scn
_minfree_plus	○	○	max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark block full
_minimal_stats_aggregation	○	○	prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition maintenance time
_minimum_blocks_to_shrink	○	○	minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
_minimum_db_flashback_retention	○	○	Minimum flashback retention
_minimum_extents_to_shrink	○	○	minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be present
_minmax_spacebg_slaves	○	○	min-max space management background slaves
_mira_free_unused_buffers	○	○	free unused buffers when idle
_mira_mark_archivelog_timeout	○	○	mira mark archive log as applied timeout
_mira_num_local_buffers	○	○	Number of local buffers for multi instance media recovery
_mira_num_receive_buffers	○	○	Number of receive buffers for multi instance media recovery
_mira_rcv_catchup_buffers	○	○	Number of buffers to allocate before catch up
_mira_rcv_max_buffers	○	○	Maximum number of outstanding buffers
_mira_sender_process	○	○	Number of sender processes
_mirror_redo_buffers	○	○	Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
_mle_compilation_errors_are_fatal	n/a	○	failed compilations are fatal for MLE
_mle_compile_immediately	n/a	○	force compilation for MLE
_mle_enable_compilation	n/a	○	enable runtime compilation for MLE
_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	○	○	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
_modify_column_index_unusable	○	○	allow ALTER TABLE MODIFY(column) to violate index key length limit
_modify_other_app_object	○	○	Parameter to allow modification of another application's object
_monitor_sql_stmt_length	○	○	Monitor sql statement length
_monitor_workload_interval	○	○	workload monitoring interval in hours
_mpmt_enabled	○	○	MPMT mode enabled
_mpmt_enabled_backgrounds	○	○	mpmt enabled backgrounds
_mpmt_fg_enabled	○	○	MPMT mode foreground enabled
_mpmt_fthread_mode	○	○	MPMT - Fthreads Mode for FG/BG/ALL
_mpmt_prefer_enabled	○	○	MPMT prefer mode enabled
_mpmt_procs_per_osp	○	○	max procs per osp
_mpmt_single_process_instance	○	○	MPMT - single process instance mode enabled
_mpmt_use_fthread	○	○	MPMT - Use Fthreads
_multi_instance_pmr	○	○	enable multi instance redo apply
_multi_join_key_table_lookup	○	○	TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is enabled
_multi_transaction_optimization_enabled	○	○	reduce SGA memory use during create of a partitioned table
_multiple_char_set_cdb	○	○	Multiple character sets enabled in CDB
_multiple_instance_recovery	○	○	use multiple instances for media recovery
_multiple_name_convert_patterns	○	○	apply multiple patterns on a name during file_name_convert in PDB
_mutex_spin_count	○	○	Mutex spin count
_mutex_wait_scheme	○	○	Mutex wait scheme
_mutex_wait_time	○	○	Mutex wait time
_mv_access_compute_fresh_data	○	○	mv access compute fresh data
_mv_add_log_placeholder	○	○	add log placeholder
_mv_cleanup_orphaned_metadata	○	○	cleanup orphaned materialized view metadata
_mv_complete_refresh_conventional	○	○	use conventional INSERTs for MV complete refresh
_mv_deferred_no_log_age_val	○	○	avoid build deferred MV log age validate
_mv_expression_extend_size	○	○	MV expression extend size
_mv_generalized_oj_refresh_opt	○	○	enable/disable new algorithm for MJV with generalized outer joins
_mv_logical_partition_rewrite_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable Logical Partition based rewrite
_mv_logical_partition_tracking_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable Logical Partition Tracking
_mv_master_lock_timeout	n/a	○	timeout that mv create/drop waits to lock the master table
_mv_refresh_ana	○	○	what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
_mv_refresh_costing	○	○	refresh decision based on cost or on rules
_mv_refresh_delta_fraction	○	○	delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
_mv_refresh_enhanced_dml_detection	○	○	enable enhanced detection of DML types from MV log
_mv_refresh_eut	○	○	refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based algorithm
_mv_refresh_force_parallel_query	○	○	force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
_mv_refresh_insert_no_append	○	○	materialized view refresh using insert no append
_mv_refresh_new_setup_disabled	○	○	materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
_mv_refresh_no_idx_rebuild	○	○	avoid index rebuild as part of the MV refresh
_mv_refresh_pipe_timeout	○	○	timeout that MV refresh coordinator waits for a job pipe
_mv_refresh_pkfk_data_units_opt	○	○	control MV refresh based on the assumption of PK-FK data units
_mv_refresh_pkfk_relationship_opt	○	○	control MV refresh based on the use of PK-FK relationships
_mv_refresh_rebuild_percentage	○	○	minimum percentage change required in MV to force an indexrebuild
_mv_refresh_selections	○	○	create materialized views with selections and fast refresh
_mv_refresh_shrink_log	○	○	materialized view refresh shrink MV log
_mv_refresh_truncate_log	○	○	materialized view refresh truncate MV log
_mv_refresh_update_analysis	○	○	materialized view refresh using update analysis
_mv_refresh_use_hash_sj	○	○	use hash_sj hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_no_merge	○	○	use no_merge hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_stats	○	○	pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
_mv_refsched_timeincr	○	○	proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
_mv_rolling_inv	○	○	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate
_mwin_schedule	○	○	Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
_nameservice_consistency_check	○	○	NameService Consistency check switch
_nameservice_request_batching	○	○	NameService request batching switch
_nbr_recovery_max_request_size	○	○	the maximum size in MBs of a request for data blocks
_nbr_recovery_target_bufs	○	○	the target number of oustanding buffers to maintain
_nbr_recovery_timeout	○	○	seconds recovery will wait for any invalid block range to arrive
_nchar_imp_cnv	○	○	NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
_nchar_imp_conv	○	○	should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be allowed
_ncmb_readahead_enabled	○	○	enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
_ncmb_readahead_tracing	○	○	turn on multi-block readahead tracing
_ncomp_shared_objects_dir	○	○	native compilation shared objects dir
_ndb_enable	n/a	○	Native Database Blockchain Enable
_nested_loop_fudge	○	○	nested loop fudge
_nested_mv_fast_oncommit_enabled	○	○	nested MV refresh fast on commit allowed
_new_initial_join_orders	○	○	enable initial join orders based on new ordering heuristics
_new_sort_cost_estimate	○	○	enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
_newsort_enabled	○	○	controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
_newsort_ordered_pct	○	○	controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
_newsort_type	○	○	specifies options for the new sort algorithm
_next_pdbid	○	○	Hint for the next PDBID to use when creating a new PDB entry
_nineteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	nineteenth spare parameter - integer
_nineteenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	nineteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_ninetieth_spare_parameter	○	○	ninetieth spare parameter - string
_ninety-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-eighth spare parameter - string
_ninety-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-fifth spare parameter - string
_ninety-first_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-first spare parameter - string
_ninety-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-fourth spare parameter - string
_ninety-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-ninth spare parameter - string
_ninety-second_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-second spare parameter - string
_ninety-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-seventh spare parameter - string
_ninety-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-sixth spare parameter - string
_ninety-third_spare_parameter	○	○	ninety-third spare parameter - string
_ninth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	ninth spare parameter - integer
_ninth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	ninth spare pdb parameter - integer
_nlj_batching_ae_flag	○	○	FAE flag type set after restoring to IO batching buffer
_nlj_batching_enabled	○	○	enable batching of the RHS IO in NLJ
_nlj_batching_misses_enabled	○	○	enable exceptions for buffer cache misses
_nls_binary	○	○	force binary collation
_nls_parameter_sync_enabled	○	○	enables or disables updates to v$parameter whenever an alter session statement modifies various nls parameters
_no_catalog	○	○	options whose schemas should not be created
_no_objects	○	○	no object features are used
_no_or_expansion	○	○	OR expansion during optimization disabled
_no_recovery_through_resetlogs	○	○	no recovery through this resetlogs operation
_no_small_file	○	○	Not to apply new extent scheme for small file temp spaces
_no_snapshot_root_clone	○	○	No snapshot clone during Application Root Clone creation
_no_stale_joinback_rewrite	○	○	No joinbacks if mv is stale
_node_instcnt_average_interval	○	○	node inst count average interval in seconds
_node_instcnt_sample_frequency	○	○	node inst count average sample frequency in seconds
_node_instcnt_update_frequency	○	○	node inst count average global update frequency in seconds
_nologging_apply_stall_time	○	○	milli-seconds recovery waits after DTC full before changing RCVID
_nologging_block_cleanout_delay	○	○	Nologging standby: block cleanout delay (seconds)
_nologging_fetch_demote_count	○	○	Nologging standby fetch demote count
_nologging_fetch_initial_interval	○	○	seconds recovery waits between issuing fetches for old ranges
_nologging_fetch_retry_interval_cold	○	○	Interval before fetch request for older invalid block range
_nologging_fetch_retry_interval_hot	○	○	Interval before fetch request for recently created invalid block range
_nologging_fetch_slv_wt	○	○	Nologging standby fetch slave wait time
_nologging_kcnbuf_hash_buckets	○	○	Number of nologging buffer hash buckets
_nologging_kcnbuf_hash_latches	○	○	Number of nologging buffer hash latches
_nologging_load_slotsz	○	○	Nologging standby: direct load buffer size
_nologging_mode_override	○	○	Override the database logging mode; 1=Force, 2=NoForce, 3=LP, 4=DA
_nologging_progress_keep_alive	○	○	Nologging standby progress keep alive time
_nologging_sdcl_append_wait	○	○	Nologging standby append sdcl wait time
_nologging_sendbuf_ratio	○	○	Nologging standby: outstanding send buffer ratio
_nologging_slots	○	○	Nologging standby: initial buffer count
_nologging_standby_cold_buffer_timeout	○	○	Centi-seconds recovery will wait for a buffer that is not being sent by a direct load client in Nologging Standby Data Availability mode
_nologging_standby_dtc_expire	○	○	The number of seconds a Data Transfer Cache buffer may remain unclaimed
_nologging_standby_fetch_disable	○	○	controls whether invalid block ranges are fecthed during recovery
_nologging_standby_hot_buffer_timeout	○	○	Centi-seconds recovery will wait for a buffer being sent by a direct load client in Nologging Standby Data Availabilty mode
_nologging_standby_refetch_disable	○	○	controls fetching of pre-existing invalid block ranges during standby recovery
_nologging_txn_cmt_wait	○	○	Nologging standby transaction commit wait time
_nologging_txn_history_to_sessions_percent	○	○	Ratio, as a percentage, of sessions to set X$KCNT max. size
_non_app_ignore_errors	○	○	ignore errors during containers() on non-application object
_non_blocking_hard_parse_min_extend_time	n/a	○	minimum additional lifetime added to cursor
_nonce_history_buffer_size	○	○	Size of Nonce History Buffer
_nonfatalprocess_redo_dump_time_limit	○	○	time limit, in secs, for diagnostic redo dumps by a non-fatal process
_noseg_for_unusable_index_enabled	○	○	no segments for unusable indexes if set to TRUE
_notify_crs	○	○	notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
_ns_max_flush_wt	○	○	Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding writes
_ns_max_send_delay	○	○	Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
_num_longop_child_latches	○	○	number of child latches for long op array
_num_rlslaves	○	○	number of rl slaves to clear orls
_numa_buffer_cache_stats	○	○	Configure NUMA buffer cache stats
_numa_shift_enabled	○	○	Enable NUMA shift
_numa_shift_value	○	○	user defined value for numa nodes shift
_numa_trace_level	○	○	numa trace event
_number_cached_attributes	○	○	maximum number of cached attributes per instance
_number_cached_group_memberships	○	○	maximum number of cached group memberships
_number_group_memberships_per_cache_line	○	○	maximum number of group memberships per cache line
_number_ksim_group_req_threshold	n/a	○	ksim maximum number of group operations requests
_number_of_undo_blocks_to_prefetch	○	○	number of undo blocks to prefetch
_numgrans_per_file	n/a	○	Number of granules per SGA file
_nusa_data_containers	n/a	○	list of data containers in the nusa universe
_nusa_metadata_store	n/a	○	metadata store in nusa
_nvm_dispatcher_bind_policy	○	○	NVM Dispatcher binding policy
_nvm_dispatchers	○	○	number of NVM Dispatcher Slaves
_nvmeof_zcopy_enable	n/a	○	Enable Zero Copy for NVMeoF
_obj_ckpt_tracing	○	○	Enable object checkpoint tracing
_object_activity_control	n/a	○	controls tracing for object activity tracking system (OATS)
_object_activity_disable	n/a	○	disables some object activity tracking (OATS)
_object_activity_tracking	n/a	○	enable object activity tracking system (OATS)
_object_link_fixed_enabled	○	○	object linked views evaluated using fixed table
_object_linked_remote	○	○	Enable remote transformation of Object Linked table
_object_number_cache_size	○	○	Object number cache size
_object_reuse_bast	○	○	if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
_object_statistics	○	○	enable the object level statistics collection
_object_stats_max_entries	○	○	Maximum number of entries to be tracked per stat
_obsolete_result_cache_mode	n/a	○	USERS SHOULD NOT SET THIS! Used for old qksced parameterof result_cache_mode
_odci_aggregate_save_space	○	○	trade speed for space in user-defined aggregation
_odci_index_pmo_rebuild	○	○	domain index running pmo rebuild
_offline_rollback_segments	○	○	offline undo segment list
_ofs_read_buffer_size	n/a	○	OFS read ahead buffer size in bytes
_ofs_write_buffer_size	○	○	OFS write buffer size in bytes
_ogms_home	○	○	GMS home directory
_olap_adv_comp_stats_cc_precomp	○	○	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_adv_comp_stats_max_rows	○	○	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_aggregate_buffer_size	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
_olap_aggregate_flags	○	○	OLAP Aggregate debug flags
_olap_aggregate_function_cache_enabled	○	○	OLAP Aggregate function cache enabled
_olap_aggregate_max_thread_tuples	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
_olap_aggregate_min_buffer_size	○	○	OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
_olap_aggregate_min_thread_status	○	○	OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for thread
_olap_aggregate_multipath_hier	○	○	OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
_olap_aggregate_statlen_thresh	○	○	OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
_olap_aggregate_work_per_thread	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max work parents
_olap_aggregate_worklist_max	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
_olap_allocate_errorlog_format	○	○	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
_olap_allocate_errorlog_header	○	○	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
_olap_analyze_max	○	○	OLAP DML ANALYZE command max cells to analyze
_olap_continuous_trace_file	○	○	OLAP logging definition
_olap_dbgoutfile_echo_to_eventlog	○	○	OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_dimension_corehash_force	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Force
_olap_dimension_corehash_large	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Large Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_pressure	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Pressure Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_size	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Memory Use
_olap_disable_loop_optimized	○	○	Disable LOOP OPTIMIZED directive in OLAP_TABLE
_olap_eif_export_lob_size	○	○	OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
_olap_lmgen_dim_size	○	○	Limitmap generator dimension column size
_olap_lmgen_meas_size	○	○	Limitmap generator measure column size
_olap_object_hash_class	○	○	OLAP Object Hash Table Class
_olap_page_pool_expand_rate	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
_olap_page_pool_hi	○	○	OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
_olap_page_pool_hit_target	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
_olap_page_pool_low	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
_olap_page_pool_pressure	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
_olap_page_pool_shrink_rate	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
_olap_parallel_update_server_num	○	○	OLAP parallel update server count
_olap_parallel_update_small_threshold	○	○	OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small pagespaces
_olap_parallel_update_threshold	○	○	OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
_olap_row_load_time_precision	○	○	OLAP Row Load Time Precision
_olap_sesscache_enabled	○	○	OLAP Session Cache knob
_olap_sort_buffer_pct	○	○	OLAP Sort Buffer Size Percentage
_olap_sort_buffer_size	○	○	OLAP Sort Buffer Size
_olap_statbool_corebits	○	○	OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
_olap_statbool_threshold	○	○	OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
_olap_table_function_statistics	○	○	Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed statistics trace
_olap_wrap_errors	○	○	Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
_olapi_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi history retention
_olapi_iface_object_history	○	○	enable olapi interface object history collection
_olapi_iface_object_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi interface object history retention
_olapi_iface_operation_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi interface operation history retention
_olapi_interface_operation_history	○	○	enable olapi interface operation history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history	○	○	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history_pause_at_seqno	○	○	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection pausing
_olapi_memory_operation_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi memory operation history retention
_olapi_session_history	○	○	enable olapi session history collection
_olapi_session_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi session history retention
_old_connect_by_enabled	○	○	enable/disable old connect by
_old_extent_scheme	○	○	Revert to old extent allocation
_ols_cleanup_task	○	○	Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
_oltp_comp_dbg_scan	○	○	oltp compression scan debug
_oltp_compress_dbg	○	○	oltp compression debug
_oltp_compression	○	○	oltp compression enabled
_oltp_compression_gain	○	○	oltp compression gain
_oltp_spill	○	○	spill rows for oltp compression if loader pga limit is exceeded
_omf	○	○	enable/disable OMF
_omni_enqueue_enable	○	○	Enable Omni Enqueue feature (0 = disable, 1 = enable on ASM (default), 2 = enable)
_one-hundred-and-eighteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighteenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-eightieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eightieth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-first spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-second spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eighty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eighty-third spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-eleventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-eleventh spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-fifteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifteenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-fiftieth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-fiftieth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifty-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifty-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-first_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-fifty-first spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifty-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifty-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-second_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-fifty-second spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifty-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fifty-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fifty-third_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-fifty-third spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-first spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-fortieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fortieth spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-forty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-forty-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-forty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-forty-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-forty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-forty-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-forty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-forty-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-forty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-forty-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-forty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	one-hundred-and-forty-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-fourteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fourteenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-fourth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-nineteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-nineteenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-ninetieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninetieth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-first spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-second spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninety-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninety-third spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-ninth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-second spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-seventeenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventeenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventh spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-seventieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventieth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-first spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-second spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-seventy-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-seventy-third spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixteenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-sixtieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixtieth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-first spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-second spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-sixty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-sixty-third spare parameter - boolean
_one-hundred-and-tenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-tenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-third spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-thirteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirteenth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-thirtieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirtieth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-thirty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-eighth spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-fifth spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-first spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-fourth spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-ninth spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-second spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-seventh spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-sixth spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-thirty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-thirty-third spare parameter - string list
_one-hundred-and-twelfth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twelfth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twentieth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twentieth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-eighth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-fifth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-first spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-fourth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-ninth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-second spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-seventh spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-sixth spare parameter - string
_one-hundred-and-twenty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundred-and-twenty-third spare parameter - string
_one-hundredth_spare_parameter	○	○	one-hundredth spare parameter - string
_oneside_colstat_for_equijoins	○	○	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_onl_ddl_progress	n/a	○	track progress of online ddl
_onl_pmo_wait_query	n/a	○	online pmos wait for queries after swapping partitions
_onl_pmo_wait_timeout	n/a	○	online pmos wait for queries after swapping partitions timeout
_online_ctas_diag	○	○	controls dumping diagnostic information for online ctas
_online_file_conversion_batchsize	○	○	Online datafile move/conversion sync batchsize
_online_patch_disable_stack_check	○	○	disable check for function on stack for online patches
_online_pmo_global_index_method	n/a	○	Unique global index method for partition maintenance DDLs
_ops_per_semop	○	○	the exact number of operations per semop system call
_optim_adjust_for_part_skews	○	○	adjust stats for skews across partitions
_optim_dict_stats_at_db_cr_upg	○	○	enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db create/upgrade
_optim_enhance_nnull_detection	○	○	TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
_optim_new_default_join_sel	○	○	improves the way default equijoin selectivity are computed
_optim_peek_user_binds	○	○	enable peeking of user binds
_optimize_dvconfig_cloudpdb	n/a	○	Optimize Database Vault setup for cloud PDB
_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing	○	○	optimizer adaptive cursor sharing
_optimizer_adaptive_plan_control	○	○	internal controls for adaptive plans
_optimizer_adaptive_plans_continuous	○	○	enable continuously adaptive plans
_optimizer_adaptive_plans_iterative	○	○	enable iterative adaptive plans
_optimizer_adaptive_random_seed	○	○	random seed for adaptive plans
_optimizer_adjust_for_nulls	○	○	adjust selectivity for null values
_optimizer_ads_for_pq	○	○	use ADS for parallel queries
_optimizer_ads_max_table_count	○	○	maximum number of tables in a join under ADS
_optimizer_ads_result_cache_life	○	○	result cache shelf life for ADS queries
_optimizer_ads_spd_cache_owner_limit	○	○	Maximum number of directives under an owner in SPD cache
_optimizer_ads_time_limit	○	○	maximum time limit (seconds) under ADS
_optimizer_ads_use_partial_results	○	○	Use partial results of ADS queries
_optimizer_ads_use_result_cache	○	○	use result cache for ADS queries
_optimizer_ads_use_spd_cache	○	○	use Sql Plan Directives for caching ADS queries
_optimizer_aggr_groupby_elim	○	○	group-by and aggregation elimination
_optimizer_allow_all_access_paths	○	○	allow all access paths
_optimizer_ansi_join_lateral_enhance	○	○	optimization of left/full ansi-joins and lateral views
_optimizer_ansi_rearchitecture	○	○	re-architecture of ANSI left, right, and full outer joins
_optimizer_answering_query_using_stats	○	○	enable statistics-based query transformation
_optimizer_auto_index_allow	○	n/a	Controls Auto Index
_optimizer_autostats_job	○	○	enable/disable auto stats collection job
_optimizer_aw_join_push_enabled	○	○	Enables AW Join Push optimization
_optimizer_aw_stats_enabled	○	○	Enables statistcs on AW olap_table table function
_optimizer_band_join_aware	○	○	enable the detection of band join by the optimizer
_optimizer_batch_table_access_by_rowid	○	○	enable table access by ROWID IO batching
_optimizer_better_inlist_costing	○	○	enable improved costing of index access using in-list(s)
_optimizer_block_size	○	○	standard block size used by optimizer
_optimizer_bushy_cost_factor	○	○	cost factor for bushy join
_optimizer_bushy_fact_dim_ratio	○	○	bushy join dimension to fact ratio
_optimizer_bushy_fact_min_size	○	○	minimumm fact size for bushy join
_optimizer_bushy_join	○	○	enables bushy join
_optimizer_cache_stats	○	○	cost with cache statistics
_optimizer_cartesian_enabled	○	○	optimizer cartesian join enabled
_optimizer_cbqt_factor	○	○	cost factor for cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cbqt_no_size_restriction	○	○	disable cost based transformation query size restriction
_optimizer_cbqt_or_expansion	○	○	enables cost based OR expansion
_optimizer_ceil_cost	○	○	CEIL cost in CBO
_optimizer_cluster_by_rowid	○	○	enable/disable the cluster by rowid feature
_optimizer_cluster_by_rowid_batch_size	○	○	Sorting batch size for cluster by rowid feature
_optimizer_cluster_by_rowid_batched	○	○	enable/disable the cluster by rowid batching feature
_optimizer_cluster_by_rowid_control	○	○	internal control for cluster by rowid feature mode
_optimizer_coalesce_subqueries	○	○	consider coalescing of subqueries optimization
_optimizer_compare_plans_control	○	○	compare plans controls for testing
_optimizer_complex_pred_selectivity	○	○	enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
_optimizer_compute_index_stats	○	○	force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
_optimizer_connect_by_cb_whr_only	○	○	use cost-based transformation for whr clause in connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_combine_sw	○	○	combine no filtering connect by and start with
_optimizer_connect_by_cost_based	○	○	use cost-based transformation for connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_elim_dups	○	○	allow connect by to eliminate duplicates from input
_optimizer_control_shard_qry_processing	○	○	control shard query processing
_optimizer_correct_sq_selectivity	○	○	force correct computation of subquery selectivity
_optimizer_cost_based_transformation	○	○	enables cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cost_filter_pred	○	○	enables costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
_optimizer_cost_hjsmj_multimatch	○	○	add cost of generating result set when #rows per key > 1
_optimizer_cost_model	○	○	optimizer cost model
_optimizer_cube_join_enabled	○	○	enable cube join
_optimizer_db_blocks_buffers	○	○	optimizer value for _db_blocks_buffers
_optimizer_degree	○	○	force the optimizer to use the same degree of parallelism
_optimizer_dim_subq_join_sel	○	○	use join selectivity in choosing star transformation dimensions
_optimizer_disable_strans_sanity_checks	○	○	disable star transformation sanity checks
_optimizer_distinct_agg_transform	○	○	Transforms Distinct Aggregates to non-distinct aggregates
_optimizer_distinct_elimination	○	○	Eliminates redundant SELECT DISTNCT's
_optimizer_distinct_placement	○	○	consider distinct placement optimization
_optimizer_dsdir_usage_control	○	○	controls optimizer usage of dynamic sampling directives
_optimizer_dyn_smp_blks	○	○	number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
_optimizer_eliminate_filtering_join	○	○	optimizer filtering join elimination enabled
_optimizer_eliminate_subquery	○	○	consider elimination of subquery optimization
_optimizer_enable_density_improvements	○	○	use improved density computation for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_extended_stats	○	○	use extended statistics for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_plsql_stats	○	○	Use statistics of plsql functions
_optimizer_enable_table_lookup_by_nl	○	○	consider table lookup by nl transformation
_optimizer_enhanced_filter_push	○	○	push filters before trying cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_enhanced_join_elimination	○	○	Enhanced(12.2) join elimination
_optimizer_exists_to_any_rewrite	n/a	○	consider exists-to-any rewrite of subqueries
_optimizer_extend_jppd_view_types	○	○	join pred pushdown on group-by, distinct, semi-/anti-joined view
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing	○	○	optimizer extended cursor sharing
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel	○	○	optimizer extended cursor sharing for relational operators
_optimizer_extended_stats_usage_control	○	○	controls the optimizer usage of extended stats
_optimizer_false_filter_pred_pullup	○	○	optimizer false predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_fast_access_pred_analysis	○	○	use fast algorithm to traverse predicates for physical optimizer
_optimizer_fast_pred_transitivity	○	○	use fast algorithm to generate transitive predicates
_optimizer_feedback_control	○	○	controls the optimizer feedback framework
_optimizer_filter_pred_pullup	○	○	use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_filter_pushdown	○	○	enable/disable filter predicate pushdown
_optimizer_fkr_index_cost_bias	○	○	Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows mode
_optimizer_force_CBQT	○	○	force CBQT transformation regardless of cost
_optimizer_free_transformation_heap	○	○	free transformation subheap after each transformation
_optimizer_full_outer_join_to_outer	○	○	enable/disable full outer to left outer join conversion
_optimizer_gather_feedback	○	○	optimizer gather feedback
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_conventional_config	○	○	settings for optimizer online stats gathering on conventional DML
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_conventional_dml	○	○	optimizer online stats gathering for conventional DML
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_load	○	○	enable/disable online statistics gathering
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_load_all	○	○	enable/disable online statistics gathering for nonempty segments
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_load_hist	○	○	enable/disable online histogram gathering for loads
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_load_index	○	○	enable/disable online index stats gathering for loads
_optimizer_generate_ptf_implied_preds	○	○	Generate implied predicates for PTF
_optimizer_generate_transitive_pred	○	○	optimizer generate transitive predicates
_optimizer_group_by_placement	○	○	consider group-by placement optimization
_optimizer_hll_entry	○	○	number of entries in hll hash table
_optimizer_hybrid_fpwj_enabled	○	○	enable hybrid full partition-wise join when TRUE
_optimizer_improve_selectivity	○	○	improve table and partial overlap join selectivity computation
_optimizer_inmemory_access_path	○	○	optimizer access path costing for in-memory
_optimizer_inmemory_autodop	○	○	optimizer autoDOP costing for in-memory
_optimizer_inmemory_bloom_filter	○	○	controls serial bloom filter for in-memory tables
_optimizer_inmemory_capture_stored_stats	○	○	optimizer capture and store statistics for in-memory tables
_optimizer_inmemory_cluster_aware_dop	○	○	Affinitize DOP for inmemory objects
_optimizer_inmemory_gen_pushable_preds	○	○	optimizer generate pushable predicates for in-memory
_optimizer_inmemory_minmax_pruning	○	○	controls use of min/max pruning for costing in-memory tables
_optimizer_inmemory_pruning_ratio_rows	○	○	in-memory pruning ratio for # rows (% of rows remaining after pruning)
_optimizer_inmemory_quotient	○	○	in-memory quotient (% of rows in in-memory format)
_optimizer_inmemory_table_expansion	○	○	optimizer in-memory awareness for table expansion
_optimizer_inmemory_use_stored_stats	○	○	optimizer use stored statistics for in-memory tables
_optimizer_instance_count	○	○	force the optimizer to use the specified number of instances
_optimizer_interleave_jppd	○	○	interleave join predicate pushdown during CBQT
_optimizer_interleave_or_expansion	○	○	interleave OR Expansion during CBQT
_optimizer_invalidation_period	○	○	time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects
_optimizer_join_elimination_enabled	○	○	optimizer join elimination enabled
_optimizer_join_factorization	○	○	use join factorization transformation
_optimizer_join_order_control	○	○	controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
_optimizer_join_sel_sanity_check	○	○	enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join selectivity
_optimizer_key_vector_aggr_factor	○	○	the required aggregation between IJK and DGK
_optimizer_key_vector_payload	○	○	enables or disables dimension payloads in vector transform
_optimizer_key_vector_payload_dim_aggs	○	○	enables or disables dimension payloading of aggregates in VT
_optimizer_key_vector_pruning_enabled	○	○	enables or disables key vector partition pruning
_optimizer_key_vector_use_max_size	○	○	maximum key vector use size (in KB)
_optimizer_max_permutations	○	○	optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
_optimizer_min_cache_blocks	○	○	set minimum cached blocks
_optimizer_mjc_enabled	○	○	enable merge join cartesian
_optimizer_mode_force	○	○	force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL also
_optimizer_multi_level_push_pred	○	○	consider join-predicate pushdown that requires multi-level pushdown to base table
_optimizer_multi_table_outerjoin	○	○	allows multiple tables on the left of outerjoin
_optimizer_multicol_join_elimination	○	○	eliminate multi-column key based joins
_optimizer_multiple_cenv	○	○	generate and run plans using several compilation environments
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_report	○	○	control what to report in trace file when run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_stmt	○	○	control the types of statements that are run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_native_full_outer_join	○	○	execute full outer join using native implementaion
_optimizer_nested_loop_join	n/a	○	favor/unfavor nested loop join
_optimizer_nested_rollup_for_gset	○	○	number of groups above which we use nested rollup exec for gset
_optimizer_new_join_card_computation	○	○	compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
_optimizer_nlj_hj_adaptive_join	○	○	allow adaptive NL Hash joins
_optimizer_non_blocking_hard_parse	○	○	enable non-blocking hard parse
_optimizer_null_accepting_semijoin	○	○	enables null-accepting semijoin
_optimizer_null_aware_antijoin	○	○	null-aware antijoin parameter
_optimizer_or_expansion	○	○	control or expansion approach used
_optimizer_or_expansion_subheap	○	○	Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
_optimizer_order_by_elimination_enabled	○	○	Eliminates order bys from views before query transformation
_optimizer_outer_join_to_inner	○	○	enable/disable outer to inner join conversion
_optimizer_outer_to_anti_enabled	○	○	Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if possible
_optimizer_partial_join_eval	○	○	partial join evaluation parameter
_optimizer_percent_parallel	○	○	optimizer percent parallel
_optimizer_performance_feedback	○	○	controls the performance feedback
_optimizer_proc_rate_level	○	○	control the level of processing rates
_optimizer_proc_rate_source	○	○	control the source of processing rates
_optimizer_purge_stats_iteration_row_count	○	○	number of rows to be deleted at each iteration of the stats purging process
_optimizer_push_down_distinct	○	○	push down distinct from query block to table
_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based	○	○	use cost-based query transformation for push pred optimization
_optimizer_quarantine_sql	○	n/a	enable use of sql quarantine
_optimizer_random_plan	○	○	optimizer seed value for random plans
_optimizer_reduce_groupby_key	○	○	group-by key reduction
_optimizer_reuse_cost_annotations	○	○	reuse cost annotations during cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_rownum_bind_default	○	○	Default value to use for rownum bind
_optimizer_rownum_pred_based_fkr	○	○	enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
_optimizer_save_stats	○	○	enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
_optimizer_search_limit	○	○	optimizer search limit
_optimizer_self_induced_cache_cost	○	○	account for self-induced caching
_optimizer_skip_scan_enabled	○	○	enable/disable index skip scan
_optimizer_skip_scan_guess	○	○	consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed selectivity
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_enabled	○	○	enable/disable sort-merge join method
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_inequality	○	○	enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality predicates
_optimizer_squ_bottomup	○	○	enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
_optimizer_star_tran_in_with_clause	○	○	enable/disable star transformation in with clause queries
_optimizer_star_trans_min_cost	○	○	optimizer star transformation minimum cost
_optimizer_star_trans_min_ratio	○	○	optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
_optimizer_starplan_enabled	○	○	optimizer star plan enabled
_optimizer_stats_on_conventional_dml_sample_rate	○	○	sampling rate for online stats gathering on conventional DML
_optimizer_strans_adaptive_pruning	○	○	allow adaptive pruning of star transformation bitmap trees
_optimizer_synopsis_min_size	○	○	minimal synopsis size (kb)
_optimizer_system_stats_usage	○	○	system statistics usage
_optimizer_table_expansion	○	○	consider table expansion transformation
_optimizer_trace	○	○	optimizer trace parameter
_optimizer_track_hint_usage	○	○	enable tracking of optimizer hint usage
_optimizer_transitivity_retain	○	○	retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred generation
_optimizer_try_st_before_jppd	○	○	try Star Transformation before Join Predicate Push Down
_optimizer_undo_changes	○	○	undo changes to query optimizer
_optimizer_undo_cost_change	○	○	optimizer undo cost change
_optimizer_union_all_gsets	○	○	Use Union All Optimization for Grouping Sets
_optimizer_unnest_all_subqueries	○	○	enables unnesting of every type of subquery
_optimizer_unnest_corr_set_subq	○	○	Unnesting of correlated set subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_unnest_disjunctive_subq	○	○	Unnesting of disjunctive subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_unnest_scalar_sq	○	○	enables unnesting of of scalar subquery
_optimizer_unnest_update_set_subq	n/a	○	enables unnesting of subquery in set for update
_optimizer_use_auto_indexes	○	○	Use Auto Index
_optimizer_use_cbqt_star_transformation	○	○	use rewritten star transformation using cbqt framework
_optimizer_use_feedback	○	○	optimizer use feedback
_optimizer_use_feedback_for_join	○	○	optimizer use feedback for join
_optimizer_use_gtt_session_stats	○	○	use GTT session private statistics
_optimizer_use_histograms	○	○	enable/disable the usage of histograms by the optimizer
_optimizer_use_stats_models	n/a	○	use optimizer statistics extrapolation models
_optimizer_use_stats_on_conventional_config	○	○	settings for optimizer usage of online stats on conventional DML
_optimizer_use_stats_on_conventional_dml	○	○	use optimizer statistics gathered for conventional DML
_optimizer_use_subheap	○	○	Enables physical optimizer subheap
_optimizer_use_table_scanrate	○	○	Use Table Specific Scan Rate
_optimizer_use_xt_rowid	○	○	Use external table rowid
_optimizer_vector_base_dim_fact_factor	○	○	cost based vector transform base dimension to base fact ratio
_optimizer_vector_cost_adj	○	○	cost adjustment for vector aggregation processing estimates
_optimizer_vector_fact_dim_ratio	○	○	cost based vector transform dimension to fact ratio
_optimizer_vector_fact_payload_ratio	○	○	cost based vector transform payload dimension to fact ratio
_optimizer_vector_min_fact_rows	○	○	min number of rows required for vector aggregation transform
_optimizer_vector_transformation	○	○	perform vector transform
_optimizer_wc_filter_pushdown	n/a	○	enable/disable with clause filter predicate pushdown
_or_expand_nvl_predicate	○	○	enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
_oracle_employee_testing	○	○	Switch on all features for the purpose of testing
_oracle_script	○	○	Running an Oracle-supplied script
_oracle_script_counter	n/a	○	Helper parameter to set the value of _oracle_script counter
_oracle_special_license_1_granted	○	○	gsm spare 1	Oracle internal parameter
_oradbg_pathname	○	○	path of oradbg script
_oradebug_cmds_at_startup	○	○	oradebug commands to execute at instance startup
_oradebug_force	○	○	force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
_ordered_nested_loop	○	○	enable ordered nested loop costing
_ordered_semijoin	○	○	enable ordered semi-join subquery
_orph_cln_interval	○	○	qmon periodic interval for removed subscriber messages cleanup
_os_sched_high_priority	○	○	OS high priority level
_os_sched_highest_priority	○	○	OS highest priority level
_oss_skgxp_udp_dynamic_credit_mgmt	○	○	OSSLIB set dynamic credit for SKGXP-UDP
_other_wait_event_exclusion	○	○	exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold calculations
_other_wait_threshold	○	○	threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
_outline_bitmap_tree	○	○	BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
_override_datafile_encrypt_check	○	○	if TRUE, override datafile tablespace encryption cross check
_parallel_adaptive_max_users	○	○	maximum number of users running with default DOP
_parallel_blackbox_enabled	○	○	parallel execution blackbox enabled
_parallel_blackbox_sga	○	○	true if blackbox will be allocated in SGA, false if PGA
_parallel_blackbox_size	○	○	parallel execution blackbox bucket size
_parallel_broadcast_enabled	○	○	enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort merge joins
_parallel_cluster_cache_pct	○	○	max percentage of the global buffer cache to use for affinity
_parallel_cluster_cache_policy	○	○	policy used for parallel execution on cluster(ADAPTIVE/CACHED)
_parallel_conservative_queuing	○	○	conservative parallel statement queuing
_parallel_ctas_enabled	○	○	enable/disable parallel CTAS operation
_parallel_default_max_instances	○	○	default maximum number of instances for parallel query
_parallel_execution_message_align	○	○	Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
_parallel_fake_class_pct	○	○	fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
_parallel_fault_tolerance_enabled	○	○	enables or disables fault-tolerance for parallel statement
_parallel_fault_tolerance_threshold	○	○	total number of faults fault-tolerance will handle
_parallel_fixwrite_bucket	○	○	Number of buckets for each round of fix write
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_interval	○	○	interval of snapshot to track px msging between instances
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_max	○	○	maximum number of historical snapshots archived
_parallel_inmemory_min_time_threshold	○	○	threshold above which a plan is a candidate for parallelization for in-memory tables (in seconds)
_parallel_inmemory_time_unit	○	○	unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism for in-memory tables (in seconds)
_parallel_lmd_reconfig	○	○	parallel lmd work in reconfiguration for enqueues.
_parallel_load_bal_unit	○	○	number of threads to allocate per instance
_parallel_load_balancing	○	○	parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
_parallel_load_publish_threshold	○	○	diffrence in percentage controlling px load propagation	diffrence in percentage controlling px load propagation
_parallel_log_write_cleanup	○	○	Perform (null) log write cleanup in parallel
_parallel_min_message_pool	○	○	minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq servers
_parallel_optimization_phase_for_local	○	○	parallel optimization phase when all slaves are local
_parallel_queuing_max_waitingtime	○	○	parallel statement queuing: max waiting time in queue
_parallel_recovery_stopat	○	○	stop at -position- to step through SMON
_parallel_replay_msg_limit	○	○	Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
_parallel_scalability	○	○	Parallel scalability criterion for parallel execution
_parallel_server_idle_time	○	○	idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100 sec)
_parallel_server_sleep_time	○	○	sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
_parallel_slave_acquisition_wait	○	○	time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave acquisition
_parallel_statement_queuing	○	○	parallel statement queuing enabled
_parallel_syspls_obey_force	○	○	TRUE to obey force parallel query/dml/ddl under System PL/SQL
_parallel_time_unit	○	○	unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism (in seconds)
_parallel_txn_global	○	○	enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
_parallelism_cost_fudge_factor	○	○	set the parallelism cost fudge factor
_parameter_spfile_sync	○	○	SPFILE sync mode
_parameter_table_block_size	○	○	parameter table block size
_part_access_version_by_number	○	n/a	use version numbers to access versioned objects for partitioning
_part_redef_global_index_update	○	○	online partition redefinition update global indexes
_partial_comp_enabled	○	○	partial table compression enabled
_partial_log_preserve_space	n/a	○	use only required space for partial archive logs
_partial_pwise_join_enabled	○	○	enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
_partition_advisor_srs_active	○	○	enables sampling based partitioning validation
_partition_by_con_name	○	○	enable partitioning by con$name
_partition_cdb_view_enabled	○	○	partitioned cdb view evaluation enabled
_partition_large_extents	○	○	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned tables
_partition_read_only	○	○	bypass all read only check for partition
_partition_view_enabled	○	○	enable/disable partitioned views
_passwordfile_enqueue_timeout	○	○	password file enqueue timeout in seconds
_path_prefix_create_dir	n/a	○	Create path in file system for CREATE DIRECTORY with PATH_PREFIX
_pbkdf2_sder_count	○	○	The PBKDF2 count to use for session key derivation
_pct_refresh_double_count_prevented	○	○	materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
_pdb_auto_save_state	○	○	Save pdb state automatically on state change on a given instance
_pdb_auto_undots_create_off	○	○	disable automatic creation of undo tablespace in local undo mode
_pdb_char_set_intconv	n/a	○	Enforce internal_convert for PDB character set conversion
_pdb_clone_preserve_guid	n/a	○	Use same guid for a pdb clone
_pdb_cluster_database	○	○	This parameter can be turned-off when cluster_database is TRUE
_pdb_create_use_sysoper_conn	n/a	○	spread file copy slaves across instances
_pdb_datapatch_violation_restricted	n/a	○	Open pdb in restricted mode for datapatch error violation
_pdb_failure_testing	○	○	Testing failure in pluggable database related operations
_pdb_file_copy_affinitize	n/a	○	spread file copy slaves across instances
_pdb_file_copy_buffers	n/a	○	number of buffers to use for pdb file copy
_pdb_first_script	○	○	Running a script that is PDB-first/ROOT-last
_pdb_force_cfd	n/a	○	Force DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST path for all datafiles in PDB
_pdb_hash_table_latches	○	○	number of PDB hash table latches
_pdb_hash_table_size	○	○	number of buckets in PDB hash table
_pdb_hybrid_read_only	n/a	○	Hybrid read only mode allows CDB common user to patch the PDB
_pdb_ignore_table_clauses	○	○	Ignore subset of clauses in CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE
_pdb_inherit_cfd	○	○	Automatically enable CREATE_FILE_DEST clause in the PDB
_pdb_isolation_class	○	○	PDB isolation level: NONE, HIGH or MAX
_pdb_ktg_buffer_size	n/a	○	KTG buffer size (in KB) to store inmemory traces
_pdb_ldp_cascade	○	○	pluggable database lockdown profile cascade param
_pdb_lockdown_bypass_sr	○	○	special run lockdown parameter
_pdb_lockdown_ddl_clauses	○	○	pluggable database lockdown clauses for statements
_pdb_lrg_auto_undots_create	○	○	enable automatic creation of undo tablespace in local undo mode
_pdb_mask_cdb_info	○	○	Enable masking CDB information within a PDB
_pdb_max_audit_size	○	○	Default value for MAX_AUDIT_SIZE property in new PDB creation
_pdb_max_diag_size	○	○	Default value for MAX_DIAG_SIZE property in new PDB creation
_pdb_max_size_discount	○	○	Discount percentable on PDB Max space usage
_pdb_name_case_sensitive	○	○	Keeps PDB name case sensitive
_pdb_oper_trace_threshold	n/a	○	PDB operations timing trace threshold
_pdb_oper_trace_threshold_softassert	n/a	○	PDB operations timing threshold soft assert
_pdb_read_only_refresh	n/a	○	allow refresh when pdb is open r/o
_pdb_refresh_apply_master_key_rekey	n/a	○	Apply master rekey marker during pdb refresh
_pdb_refresh_use_dblink_to_catalog	n/a	○	Use central catalog for pdb refresh
_pdb_refresh_use_local_logs	n/a	○	Use local logs for pdb refresh
_pdb_seed_mcsc	○	○	Allow PDB SEED to have different character set than the CDB.
_pdb_service_on_root_listener	○	○	pdb services on CDB ROOT listeners
_pdb_small_table_threshold	n/a	○	lower threshold level of table size for direct reads in a pdb
_pdb_strict_plugin_compat	○	○	Pluggable database strict plugin compatibility
_pdb_transition_clean_bg_delay	n/a	○	delay in GEN0 to transition PDB to clean state
_pdb_use_sequence_cache	○	○	Use sequence cache in PDB mode
_pdb_vm_max_size	○	○	PDB SGA maximum virtual memory size
_pdml_gim_sampling	○	○	control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
_pdml_gim_staggered	○	○	slaves start on different index when doing index maint
_pdml_slaves_diff_part	○	○	slaves start on different partition when doing index maint
_percent_flashback_buf_partial_full	○	○	Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered partial full
_pga_aggregate_xmem_limit	○	○	limit of aggregate PGA XMEM memory consumed by the instance
_pga_auto_snapshot_percentage	○	○	percent growth of PGA memory for additional snapshots
_pga_auto_snapshot_threshold	○	○	bytes of PGA memory in one process to trigger detail snapshot
_pga_detail_combine_auto	○	n/a	combine auto and manual PGA memory detail snapshots
_pga_in_sga_param1	○	○	pga in sga param1
_pga_in_sga_param2	○	○	pga in sga param2
_pga_in_sga_param3	○	○	pga in sga param4
_pga_in_sga_param4	○	○	pga in sga param4
_pga_in_sga_param5	○	○	pga in sga param4
_pga_large_extent_size	○	○	PGA large extent size
_pga_limit_check_wait_time	○	○	microseconds to wait for over limit confirmation
_pga_limit_dump_summary	○	○	dump PGA summary when signalling ORA-4036
_pga_limit_interrupt_smaller	○	○	whether to interrupt smaller eligible processes
_pga_limit_min_req_size	○	○	bytes of PGA usage below which process will not get ORA-4036
_pga_limit_per_process_minimum	○	○	pga_aggregate_limit per-process minimum
_pga_limit_physmem_perc	○	○	default percent of physical memory for pga_aggregate_limit and SGA
_pga_limit_simulated_physmem_size	○	○	bytes of physical memory to determine pga_aggregate_limit with
_pga_limit_target_perc	○	○	default percent of pga_aggregate_target for pga_aggregate_limit
_pga_limit_time_to_interrupt	○	○	seconds to wait until direct interrupt
_pga_limit_time_until_idle	○	○	seconds to wait before treating process as idle
_pga_limit_time_until_killed	○	○	seconds to wait before killing session over limit
_pga_limit_tracing	○	○	trace pga_aggregate_limit activity
_pga_limit_use_immediate_kill	○	○	use immediate kill for sessions over limit
_pga_limit_watch_perc	○	○	percentage of limit to have processes watch
_pga_limit_watch_size	○	○	bytes of PGA usage at which process will begin watching limit
_pga_max_size	○	○	Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
_pgactx_cap_stacks	○	○	capture stacks for setting pgactx
_pin_time_statistics	○	○	if TRUE collect statistics for how long a current pin is held
_pivot_implementation_method	○	○	pivot implementation method
_pkt_enable	○	○	enable progressive kill test
_pkt_pmon_interval	○	○	PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
_pkt_start	○	○	start progressive kill test instrumention
_plan_outline_data	○	○	explain plan outline data enabled
_plan_verify_improvement_margin	○	○	Performance improvement criterion for evolving plan baselines
_plcmnt_template_svc_name	○	○	service placement template name
_plsql_anon_block_code_type	○	○	PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
_plsql_cache_enable	○	○	PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
_plsql_dump_buffer_events	○	○	conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is dumped
_plsql_icd_arg_dump	○	○	Dump arguments to ICD
_plsql_max_stack_size	○	○	PL/SQL maximum stack size
_plsql_minimum_cache_hit_percent	○	○	plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep caching active
_plsql_native_frame_threshold	○	○	Allocate PL/SQL native frames on the heap if size exceeds this value
_plsql_nvl_optimize	○	○	PL/SQL NVL optimize
_plsql_share_instantiation	○	○	PL/SQL share kgscc for same SQL executed at multiple locations
_pluggable_database_debug	○	○	Debug flag for pluggable database related operations
_pmem_exchange_cold_victim_threshold	n/a	○	worthy touch count threshold for a victim buffer to be exchanged into pmem
_pmem_small_table_threshold	n/a	○	lower threshold of PMEM table size as percentage to PMEM cache for direct reads
_pmemfs_alloc_dataptrs	n/a	○	Set PMEMfs to preallocate inode tree
_pmemfs_enable_spacetracking	n/a	○	Enable PMEMfs Space Accounting Checks
_pmemfs_shrink_level	n/a	○	Enable pmemstore shrink
_pmemfs_smallfile_threshold	n/a	○	Block count threshold for metedata
_pmon_cleanup_max_dfs	○	○	max dfs elements during cleanup
_pmon_dead_blkrs_alive_chk_rate_secs	○	○	rate to check blockers are alive during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_blkrs	○	○	max blockers to check during cleanup
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_cleanup_attempts	○	○	max attempts per blocker while checking dead blockers
_pmon_dead_blkrs_scan_rate_secs	○	○	rate to scan for dead blockers during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_enable_dead_blkrs	○	○	look for dead blockers during PMON cleanup
_pmon_exitnfy_enabled	○	○	PMON Exit notification enabled
_pmon_idle_scan_interval	○	○	PMON idle scan interval (in seconds)
_pmon_incr_slaves	○	○	PMON cleanup: slave increment
_pmon_load_constants	○	○	server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
_pmon_max_consec_posts	○	○	PMON max consecutive posts in main loop
_pmon_max_slaves	○	○	Maximum number of PMON slaves
_pmon_min_slaves	○	○	Minimum number of PMON slaves
_pmon_new_slave_secs	○	○	PMON cleanup: new slave (in seconds)
_pmon_slave_stop_secs	○	○	PMON cleanup: slave stop limit (in seconds)
_pmon_slaves_arr_size	○	○	Array size for PMON slaves
_pmon_trees_per_slave	○	○	PMON cleanup: trees per slave
_posix_spawn_enabled	○	○	posix_spawn enabled
_post_run_job_evaluation	n/a	○	Control if jobs should evaluate at end of execution
_post_wait_queues_num_per_class	○	○	Post Wait Queues - Num Per Class
_pq_numa_working_set_affinity	○	○	if TRUE, enable pq slave NUMA affinity
_pqq_debug_txn_act	○	○	pq queuing transaction active
_pqq_enabled	○	○	Enable Resource Manager based Parallel Statement Queuing
_pqq_pdb_load_publish_threshold	n/a	○	difference in percentage controlling PDB load publish
_pre_rewrite_push_pred	○	○	push predicates into views before rewrite
_precompute_gid_values	○	○	precompute gid values and copy them before returning a row
_pred_move_around	○	○	enables predicate move-around
_pred_push_cdb_view_enabled	○	○	predicate pushdown enabled for CDB views
_predicate_elimination_enabled	○	○	allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
_predicate_validity_execution	○	○	enable execution-time check for predicate validation
_prefer_local_temp	○	○	Use Local Temp as preferred default tablespace
_prefered_standby	○	○	standby db_unique_name prefered for krb operations
_preplugin_backup	○	○	enable/disable pre-plugin backup feature
_prescomm	○	○	presume commit of IMU transactions
_prespawn_batch_count	○	○	prespawn batch count
_prespawn_bg_init_count	○	○	prespawn background init count
_prespawn_enabled	○	○	Is prespawn enabled
_prespawn_fg_init_count	○	○	prespawn foreground init count
_prespawn_min_count	○	○	prespawn minimum count
_print_inmem_heatmap	○	○	print inmem ilm heatmap
_print_inmem_srmap	○	○	print inmem spacereuse map
_print_refresh_schedule	○	○	enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh schedule
_print_stat_segment	○	○	print ilm statistics segment
_priv_for_set_current_schema	○	○	ALTER SESSION privilege required for SET CURRENT_SCHEMA
_private_memory_address	○	○	Start address of large extent memory segment
_proc_grp_enabled	○	○	proc-group enabled
_proc_grp_numa_map	○	○	proc-group map string
_process_allocation_slots	○	○	process allocation slots
_process_heartbeat_range	○	○	Process heartbeat range
_process_max_pred_increase	n/a	○	process SO max predicted increase
_process_percent_rampup_end	n/a	○	process SO percent rampup end
_process_percent_rampup_start	n/a	○	process SO percent rampup start
_process_prediction_failover_buffer	n/a	○	process prediction failover buffer
_process_save_prediction	n/a	○	save process prediction for next instance startup
_process_so_max_inc	n/a	○	process SO max inc
_profile_sensitive_users	n/a	○	Database Users with restricted password profile
_project_view_columns	○	○	enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
_projection_pushdown	○	○	projection pushdown
_projection_pushdown_debug	○	○	level for projection pushdown debugging
_prop_old_enabled	○	○	Shift to pre 11g propagation behaviour
_propogate_restore_point	○	○	Allow shipping of restore point from primary to standby
_protect_frame_heaps	○	○	Protect cursor frame heaps
_proxy_connect_after_set_container	○	○	Enable proxy connection after set container
_psdclog_enable	n/a	○	Mandatory Cloud Logging of PL/SQL Utility Packages Usages
_psdclog_threshold	n/a	○	Threshold for Cloud Logging of PL/SQL Utility Packages Usages
_pseudo_bootstrap	○	○	Indicate that pseudo boostrap be done
_psr_opt	n/a	○	options for standby pdb recovery
_ptf_enable_objects	○	○	enable object types in PTF
_ptf_max_rows	○	○	number of rows per row-buffer
_ptn_cache_threshold	○	○	flags and threshold to control partition metadata caching
_ptt_max_num	○	○	Maximum number of PTTs per session
_purge_idcs_access_token	○	○	Purge IDCS Access Token
_push_join_predicate	○	○	enable pushing join predicate inside a view
_push_join_union_view	○	○	enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
_push_join_union_view2	○	○	enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
_pwise_distinct_enabled	○	○	enable partition wise distinct
_px_adaptive_dist_bypass_enabled	○	○	enable the bypass table queue for adaptive distribution methods
_px_adaptive_dist_bypass_optimization	○	○	sets optimizations for bypass table queue for ADM
_px_adaptive_dist_method	○	○	determines the behavior of adaptive distribution methods
_px_adaptive_dist_method_threshold	○	○	Buffering / decision threshold for adaptive distribution methods
_px_adaptive_dist_nij_enabled	n/a	○	enable adaptive distribution methods for left non-inner joins
_px_adaptive_offload_percentage	○	○	percentage for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_adaptive_offload_threshold	○	○	threshold (GB/s) for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_autodop_pq_overhead	○	○	adjust auto dop calculation using pq overhead
_px_back_to_parallel	○	○	allow going back to parallel after a serial operation
_px_bind_peek_sharing	○	○	enables sharing of px cursors that were built using bind peeking
_px_broadcast_fudge_factor	○	○	set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
_px_buffer_ttl	○	○	ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
_px_cdb_view_enabled	○	○	parallel cdb view evaluation enabled
_px_cdb_view_join_enabled	○	○	disable parallelism cap on CDB view
_px_chunk_size	○	○	default size of a chunk for row id granules (in KB)
_px_chunklist_count_ratio	○	○	ratio of the number of chunk lists to the default DOP per instance
_px_compilation_debug	○	○	debug level for parallel compilation
_px_compilation_trace	○	○	tracing level for parallel compilation
_px_concurrent	○	○	enables pq with concurrent execution of serial inputs
_px_cpu_autodop_enabled	○	○	enables or disables auto dop cpu computation
_px_cpu_operator_bandwidth	○	○	CPU operator bandwidth in MB/sec for DOP computation
_px_cpu_process_bandwidth	○	○	CPU process bandwidth in MB/sec for DOP computation
_px_dist_agg_partial_rollup_pushdown	○	○	perform distinct agg partial rollup pushdown for px execution
_px_dp_array_size	○	○	Max number of pq processes supported
_px_dump_12805_source	○	○	enables or disables tracing of 12805 signal source
_px_dynamic_granules	○	○	enable dynamic granule generation
_px_dynamic_granules_adjust	○	○	adjust dynamic granule regeneration
_px_dynamic_opt	○	○	turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_dynamic_sample_size	○	○	num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_execution_services_enabled	○	○	enable service-based constraint of px slave allocation
_px_extended_join_skew_handling	n/a	○	enables extended skew handling for parallel joins
_px_external_table_default_stats	○	○	the external table default stats collection enable/disable	the external table default stats collection enable/disable
_px_filter_parallelized	○	○	enables or disables correlated filter parallelization	enables or disables correlated filter parallelization
_px_filter_skew_handling	○	○	enable correlated filter parallelization to handle skew
_px_freelist_latch_divisor	○	○	Divide the computed number of freelists by this power of 2
_px_gim_factor	○	○	weighted autodop global index maintenance factor
_px_granule_alignment	○	○	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
_px_granule_batch_size	○	○	maximum size of a batch of granules
_px_granule_randomize	○	○	enables or disables randomization of parallel scans rowid granules
_px_granule_size	○	○	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
_px_groupby_pushdown	○	○	perform group-by pushdown for parallel query
_px_hold_time	○	○	hold px at execution time (unit: second)
_px_hybrid_TSM_HWMB_load	○	○	Enable Hybrid Temp Segment Merge/High Water Mark Brokered load method
_px_hybrid_partition_execution_enabled	○	○	enable parallel hybrid partition execution
_px_hybrid_partition_skew_threshold	○	○	partitions bigger than threshold times average size are skewed
_px_increase_join_frag_size	○	○	increase join message fragment size
_px_index_sampling_objsize	○	○	parallel query sampling for index create based on object size
_px_io_process_bandwidth	○	○	IO process bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_io_system_bandwidth	○	○	total IO system bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_join_skew_handling	○	○	enables skew handling for parallel joins
_px_join_skew_minfreq	○	○	sets minimum frequency(%) for skewed value for parallel joins
_px_join_skew_null_handling	○	○	enables null skew handling improvement for parallel outer joins
_px_join_skew_ratio	○	○	sets skew ratio for parallel joins
_px_join_skew_sampling_percent	○	○	Sets sampling percentage for skew handling sampling queries
_px_join_skew_sampling_time_limit	○	○	Sets execution time limit for skew handling sampling queries
_px_join_skew_use_histogram	○	○	Enables retrieval of skewed values from histogram when possible
_px_join_skewed_values_count	○	○	force join skew handling with specified skewed values count
_px_kxib_tracing	○	○	turn on kxib tracing
_px_load_balancing_policy	○	○	parallel load balancing policy
_px_load_factor	○	○	weighted autodop load factor
_px_load_monitor_threshold	○	○	threshold for pushing information to load slave workload monitor
_px_load_publish_interval	○	○	interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX load
_px_loc_msg_cost	○	○	CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
_px_max_granules_per_slave	○	○	maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_max_map_val	○	○	Maximum value of rehash mapping for PX
_px_max_message_pool_pct	○	○	percentage of shared pool for px msg buffers range [5,90]
_px_message_compression	○	○	enable compression of control messages for parallel query
_px_min_granules_per_slave	○	○	minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_min_ndv_per_slave_perc_func	○	○	mininum NDV of TQ keys needed per slave for parallel percentile
_px_minus_intersect	○	○	enables pq for minus/interect operators
_px_net_msg_cost	○	○	CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
_px_nlj_bcast_rr_threshold	○	○	threshold to use broadcast left random right distribution for NLJ
_px_no_granule_sort	○	○	prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on size
_px_no_stealing	○	○	prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing environment
_px_nss_planb	○	○	enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
_px_numa_stealing_enabled	○	○	enable/disable PQ granule stealing across NUMA nodes
_px_numa_support_enabled	○	○	enable/disable PQ NUMA support
_px_object_sampling	○	○	parallel query sampling for base objects (100000 = 100%)
_px_object_sampling_enabled	○	○	use base object sampling when possible for range distribution
_px_object_sampling_multiplier	○	○	number of samples to send to QC per slave is DOP * prmixsm	number of samples to send to QC per slave is DOP * prmixsm
_px_onepass_slave_acquisition	○	○	enable/disable one pass slave acquisition for parallel execution
_px_oneslave_per_instance_parse	n/a	○	send parse to one slave per instance
_px_overhead_exec_ctrlmesg	○	○	pq overhead on sending one control message during execution (in microseconds)
_px_overhead_init_endpoints	○	○	pq overhead on setting up one end point during initialization (in microseconds)
_px_overhead_init_slavealloc	○	○	pq overhead on allocating per slave during initialization (in microseconds)
_px_overhead_teardown	○	○	pq overhead on setting up one end point during initialization (in microseconds)
_px_parallel_spawn_min_count	○	○	PQ parallel spawn min threshold count
_px_parallelize_expression	○	○	enables or disables expression evaluation parallelization	enables or disables expression evaluation parallelization
_px_parallelize_non_native_datatype	n/a	○	enable parallelization for non-native datatypes
_px_partial_rollup_pushdown	○	○	perform partial rollup pushdown for parallel execution
_px_partition_load_dist_threshold	○	○	# of load slave to # of partition ratio to switch distribution	# of load slave to # of partition ratio to switch distribution
_px_partition_scan_enabled	○	○	enables or disables parallel partition-based scan	enables or disables parallel partition-based scan
_px_partition_scan_threshold	○	○	least number of partitions per slave to start partition-based scan	least number of partitions per slave to start partition-based scan
_px_partition_skew_threshold	○	○	percentage of table size considered as threshold for skew determination
_px_proactive_slave_alloc_threshold	○	○	parallel proactive slave allocation threshold/unit
_px_proc_constrain	○	○	reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes - fudge)
_px_pwg_enabled	○	○	parallel partition wise group by enabled
_px_pwise_wif_enabled	○	○	enable parallel partition wise window function
_px_pwmr_enabled	○	○	parallel partition wise match recognize enabled
_px_replication_enabled	○	○	enables or disables replication of small table scans
_px_reuse_server_groups	○	○	enable/disable reusing of server groups that are already acquired
_px_round_robin_rowcnt	○	○	round robin row count to enq to next slave
_px_rownum_pd	○	○	turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
_px_scalable_gby_invdist	○	○	scalable PX plan for GBY w/ inverse distribution functions
_px_scalable_invdist	○	○	enable/disable px scalable plan for inverse distribution functions
_px_scalable_invdist_mcol	○	○	enable/disable px plan for percentile functions on multiple columns
_px_send_timeout	○	○	IPC message send timeout value in seconds
_px_shared_hash_join	○	○	enable/disable shared hash join
_px_single_server_enabled	○	○	allow single-slave dfo in parallel query
_px_slave_parse_first_with_outline_hints	○	○	Enable/Disable trying outlined plan first
_px_split_batches_per_slave	○	○	number of split granules per slave for exadoop
_px_split_multi_msg	○	○	use multiple messages to send batch of split granules
_px_split_use_single_list	○	○	use single list for split granules
_px_tq_memcpy_threshold	○	○	threshold for PQ TQ to use memcpy for packing columns
_px_tq_rowhvs	○	○	turn on intra-row hash valueing sharing in TQ
_px_trace	○	○	px trace parameter
_px_ual_serial_input	○	○	enables new pq for UNION operators
_px_wif_dfo_declumping	○	○	NDV-aware DFO clumping of multiple window sorts
_px_wif_extend_distribution_keys	○	○	extend TQ data redistribution keys for window functions
_px_wif_min_ndv_per_slave	○	○	mininum NDV of TQ keys needed per slave for scalable WiF PX
_px_xtgranule_size	○	○	default size of a external table granule (in KB)
_qa_control	○	○	Oracle internal parameter to control QA
_qa_lrg_type	○	○	Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
_qesma_bo_lru_sz	○	○	size of base object LRU list for QESMA session cache
_qesma_mvob_lru_sz	○	○	size of MVOB LRU list for QESMA session cache
_qesmasc_trc	○	○	tracing for QESMA session cache
_qksfgi_disable_action_mask	○	○	disable fine-grained cursor invalidation actions
_qksfgi_disable_oct_mask	○	○	disable fine-grained cursor invalidation for certain oct
_qksfgi_dix_val	○	○	controls action of fine-grained cursor invalidation for DROP INDEX
_qksfgi_dynamic_partitions	○	○	enable partition bind SQLIDs for	enable partition bind SQLIDs for
_qksfgi_feature_level	○	○	controls the feature level for fine-grained cursor invalidation
_qkslvc_47510_sys	○	○	enable project 47510 for internal users
_qkslvc_47510_test	○	○	enable project 47510 for testing
_qkslvc_extended_bind_sz	○	○	controls error checking for the max_string_size parameter
_quarantine_enabled	○	○	quarantine: enable
_quarantine_max_mem	○	○	quarantine: max amount of memory
_quarantine_max_objs	○	○	quarantine: max number of objects
_quarantine_per_hour	○	○	quarantine: limit per hour
_query_cost_rewrite	○	○	perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
_query_execution_cache_max_size	○	○	max size of query execution cache
_query_execution_time_limit	○	○	Query execution time limit in seconds
_query_mmvrewrite_maxcmaps	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of cmaps per dmap in query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxdmaps	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of dmaps per query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxinlists	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of in-lists per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxintervals	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of intervals per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxpreds	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of predicates per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxqryinlistvals	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of query in-list values
_query_mmvrewrite_maxregperm	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of region permutations
_query_on_physical	○	○	query on physical
_query_rewrite_1	○	○	perform query rewrite before&after or only before view merging
_query_rewrite_2	○	○	perform query rewrite before&after or only after view merging
_query_rewrite_drj	○	○	mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
_query_rewrite_expression	○	○	rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
_query_rewrite_fpc	○	○	mv rewrite fresh partition containment
_query_rewrite_fudge	○	○	cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
_query_rewrite_jgmigrate	○	○	mv rewrite with jg migration
_query_rewrite_maxdisjunct	○	○	query rewrite max disjuncts
_query_rewrite_or_error	○	○	allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not dataless
_query_rewrite_setopgrw_enable	○	○	perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
_query_rewrite_use_on_query_computation	○	○	query rewrite use on query computation
_query_rewrite_vop_cleanup	○	○	prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
_queue_buffer_max_dump_len	○	○	max number of bytes to dump to trace file for queue buffer dump
_rac_dbtype_reset	○	○	RAC database type reset from CRS
_rac_propagate_last_rba	○	○	Propagate last written log redo address in RAC for log mining
_radm_enabled	○	○	Data Redaction
_rbr_ckpt_tracing	○	○	Enable reuse block range checkpoint tracing
_rc_sys_obj_enabled	○	○	result cache enabled for Sys Objects
_rcfg_disable_verify	○	○	if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_fixwrite	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_replay	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_verify	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
_rdbms_compatibility	○	○	default RDBMS compatibility level
_rdbms_internal_fplib_enabled	○	○	enable CELL FPLIB filtering within rdbms
_rdbms_internal_fplib_raise_errors	○	○	enable reraising of any exceptions in CELL FPLIB
_re_fast_sql_operator	○	○	enables fast boxable sql operator
_re_independent_expression_cache_size	○	○	defines max number of compiled cached expressions for iee
_re_num_complex_operator	○	○	defines max number of compiled complex operator per ruleset-iee
_re_num_rowcache_load	○	○	defines max number of complex operators loaded with row cache
_re_result_cache_keysiz	○	○	defines max number key for result cache hash table
_re_result_cache_size	○	○	defines max number of cached elements for result cache
_read_mostly_enable_logon	○	○	Read mostly/ Read only instances enable non-privileged logons
_read_mostly_instance	○	○	indicates this is a read_mostly instance
_read_mostly_instance_qa_control	○	○	internal parameter to control read mostly instance QA
_read_mostly_lock_mitigation	○	○	Read Mostly Lock mitigation support
_read_mostly_slave_timeout	○	○	Time to wait on read mostly node when hub not available
_read_only_slave_timeout	○	○	Time to wait on read only node when hub not available
_read_only_violation_dump_to_trace	○	○	read-only violation dump to trace files
_read_only_violation_max_count	○	○	read-only violation array max count
_read_only_violation_max_count_per_module	○	○	read-only violation array per module max count
_read_optimized_table_lookup	○	○	enables read-optimized table lookup
_readable_standby_sync_interval	○	○	readable standby recovery global sync interval
_readable_standby_sync_timeout	○	○	readable standby query scn sync timeout
_reader_farm_isolation_enable	○	○	Reader Farm instances isolation enable
_reader_farm_isolation_time_threshold	○	○	reader farm isolation time threshold
_real_time_apply_sim	○	○	Simulation value with real time apply
_realfree_heap_max_size	○	○	minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
_realfree_heap_mode	○	○	mode flags for real-free heap
_realfree_heap_pagesize	○	○	hint for real-free page size in bytes
_realfree_pq_heap_pagesize	○	○	hint for pq real-free page size in bytes
_reclaim_lob_index_scan_limit	○	○	limit lob index scanning during lob space-reclaim
_reco_sessions_max_percentage	○	○	allowed RECO sessions as a percentage of total sessions allowed
_reconfiguration_opt_level	○	○	reconfiguration optimization level
_record_module_name	○	○	Record module name in BEGIN action
_recoverable_recovery_batch_percent	○	○	Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer cache)
_recoverable_recovery_max_influx_buffers	○	○	Recoverable recovery number of influx buffers limit
_recovery_asserts	○	○	if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
_recovery_percentage	○	○	recovery buffer cache percentage
_recovery_read_limit	○	○	number of recovery reads which can be outstanding
_recovery_skip_cfseq_check	○	○	allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check fails
_recovery_verify_writes	○	○	enable thread recovery write verify
_recursive_imu_transactions	○	○	recursive transactions may be IMU
_recursive_with_branch_iterations	○	○	Expected number of iterations of the recurive branch of RW/CBY
_recursive_with_control	○	○	control different uses/algorithms related to recursive with
_recursive_with_max_recursion_level	○	○	check for maximum level of recursion instead of checking for cycles
_recursive_with_parallel	○	○	Enable/disable parallelization of Recursive With
_recursive_with_using_temp_table	○	○	Enable the use of CDT for serial execution of Recursive With
_redef_on_statement	○	○	Use on-statement refresh in online redefinition
_redo_compatibility_check	○	○	general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
_redo_log_check_backup	○	○	time interval in minutes between wakeups to check backup of redo logs
_redo_log_debug_config	○	○	Various configuration flags for debugging redo logs
_redo_log_key_reuse_count	○	○	Determines the number of redo logs sharing the same redo log key
_redo_log_record_life	○	○	Life time in hours for redo log table records
_redo_read_from_memory	○	○	Enable reading redo from in-memory log buffer
_redo_transport_async_mode	○	○	redo transport ASYNC process mode
_redo_transport_catch_up_bandwidth_percentage	○	○	redo transport catch up bandwitdth percent
_redo_transport_compress_all	○	○	Is ASYNC LNS compression allowed?
_redo_transport_evict_threshold	○	○	Threshold beyond which a slower ASYNC connection will be evicted
_redo_transport_max_kbytes_sec	○	○	redo transport maximum KB/s
_redo_transport_min_kbytes_sec	○	○	redo transport minimum KB/s
_redo_transport_redo_log_management	○	○	redo log management
_redo_transport_resource_management	○	○	Redo transport resource management
_redo_transport_sanity_check	○	○	redo transport sanity check bit mask
_redo_transport_stall_time	○	○	use parameter DATA_GUARD_MAX_IO_TIME
_redo_transport_stall_time_long	○	○	use parameter DATA_GUARD_MAX_LONGIO_TIME
_redo_transport_stream_test	○	○	test stream connection?
_redo_transport_stream_writes	○	○	Stream network writes?
_redo_transport_vio_size_req	○	○	VIO size requirement
_redo_write_coalesce_all_threshold	○	○	Redo write coalescing threshold (all strands) in bytes
_redo_write_coalesce_slave_threshold	○	○	Redo write coalescing threshold (slave strands) in bytes
_redo_write_sync_single_io	○	○	enable sync I/O for single redo write
_reduce_sby_log_scan	○	○	enable standby log scan optimization
_ref_cons_sql_enforcement	○	○	disable extended/data ref constraint SQL enforcement
_reg_cache_status	○	○	Enables or disabled caching
_region_name	○	○	gsm region name
_release_insert_threshold	○	○	maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from freelist
_reliable_block_sends	○	○	if TRUE, no side channel on reliable interconnect
_relocate_pdb	○	○	Relocate PDB to another RAC instance after it is closed in the current instance
_relocation_commit_batch_size	○	○	ASM relocation commit batch size
_remessage_dbwrs	○	○	DBWR wait and remessage time - in cs
_remote_asm	○	○	remote ASM configuration
_remote_awr_enabled	○	○	Enable/disable Remote AWR Mode
_remote_http_port	n/a	○	HTTP port number registered with remote listener
_remove_aggr_subquery	○	○	enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
_remove_exf_component	○	○	enable/disable removing of components EXF and RUL during upgrade
_rep_base_path	○	○	base path for EM reports in database
_replace_virtual_columns	○	○	replace expressions with virtual columns
_report_capture_cycle_time	○	○	Time (in sec) between two cycles of report capture daemon
_report_capture_dbtime_percent_cutoff	○	○	100X Percent of system db time daemon is allowed over 10 cycles
_report_capture_recharge_window	○	○	No of report capture cycles after which db time is recharged
_report_capture_timeband_length	○	○	Length of time band (in hours) in the reports time bands table
_report_request_ageout_minutes	○	○	Time (in min) after which a report request is deleted from queue
_request_boundaries	○	○	request boundaries mode
_reset_increase_lmd_process	n/a	○	set to true to allow reset of _increase_lmd_process changes
_reset_increase_lms_process	n/a	○	set to true to allow reset of _increase_lms_process changes
_reset_maxcap_history	○	n/a	reset maxcap history periods
_resource_includes_unlimited_tablespace	○	○	Whether RESOURCE role includes UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege
_resource_manager_always_off	○	○	disable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_plan	○	○	resource mgr top plan for internal use
_restore_block0	○	○	restore block0
_restore_create_directory	○	○	automatically create directory during restore
_restore_maxopenfiles	○	○	restore assumption for maxopenfiles
_restore_spfile	○	○	restore spfile to this location
_restrict_become_user	○	○	become user functionality restricted
_restrict_db_link_user_entries	○	○	Maximum number of entries per db link user
_restrict_local_user_dml	○	○	Restrict Local user's ability to update sensitive tables
_restrict_pdb_gv	○	○	restrict GV$ in a PDB
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_duration	○	○	result cache auto dml monitoring duration
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_slots	○	○	result cache auto dml monitoring slot
_result_cache_auto_dml_threshold	○	○	result cache auto dml threshold
_result_cache_auto_dml_trend_threshold	○	○	result cache auto dml trend threshold
_result_cache_auto_execution_threshold	○	○	result cache auto execution threshold
_result_cache_auto_size_threshold	○	○	result cache auto max size allowed
_result_cache_auto_time_distance	○	○	result cache auto time distance
_result_cache_auto_time_threshold	○	○	result cache auto time threshold	result cache auto time threshold
_result_cache_black_list	○	○	cache_id's not allowed to use the result cache
_result_cache_block_size	○	○	result cache block size
_result_cache_copy_block_count	○	○	blocks to copy instead of pinning the result
_result_cache_deterministic_plsql	○	○	result cache deterministic PLSQL functions
_result_cache_do_recycle_period	n/a	○	Timeout value for DOs added through invalidation
_result_cache_global	○	○	Are results available globally across RAC?
_result_cache_global_send	n/a	○	Is global send conditional in RAC?
_result_cache_history_size	n/a	○	memory used to track PL/SQL function history
_result_cache_latch_count	n/a	○	number of result cache latches
_result_cache_latch_free_reads	○	○	latch free reads
_result_cache_load_rate	n/a	○	Simulated global load rate (bytes per 1/100 sec)
_result_cache_object_black_list	n/a	○	object numbers not allowed to use the result cache
_result_cache_per_pdb	○	○	Is service result cache per pdb
_result_cache_timeout	○	○	maximum time (sec) a session waits for a result
_result_cache_use_hash_table	n/a	○	whether to use hash table for object tracking
_result_cache_white_list	○	○	users allowed to use result cache
_resumable_critical_alert	○	○	raise critical alert for resumable failure
_reuse_dropped_pdbid_time	○	○	Time in seconds to wait before reusing a dropped PDB ID
_reuse_index_loop	○	○	number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
_rf_blocks_per_entity	○	○	number of blocks per entity
_right_outer_hash_enable	○	○	Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
_rm_atp_cpu_cnt_scale	○	○	Scaling factor for cpu count in ATP
_rm_cluster_interconnects	○	○	interconnects for RAC use (RM)
_rm_exadata_partition_fc	○	○	Partition flash cache for Exadata
_rm_exadata_pdb_cpu_cnt	○	○	Use PDB CPU cnt for Exadata smart scan
_rm_exadata_pdb_cpu_cnt_mult	○	○	Multiplication factor for PDB cpu count
_rm_force_caging	○	○
_rm_numa_sched_enable	○	○	Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy enabled
_rm_numa_simulation_cpus	○	○	number of cpus for each pg for numa simulation in resource manager
_rm_numa_simulation_pgs	○	○	number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
_rm_superlong_threshold	○	○	DBRM superlong threshold setting
_rman_io_priority	○	○	priority at which rman backup i/o's are done
_rman_roundrobin_placement	○	○	Numa round robin placement for RMAN procs
_rmt_for_table_redef_enabled	○	○	Use Rowid Mapping Table for table redef
_rmv_dynamic_priority	○	○	enable rmv priority modification
_roi_first_open_wait	○	○	duration of ROI first open wait for RWI open
_rollback_segment_count	○	○	number of undo segments
_rollback_segment_initial	○	○	starting undo segment number
_rollback_stopat	○	○	stop at -position to step rollback
_rolling_patchlevel	○	○	Set Rolling Patch Level for RDBMS instance
_rond_test_mode	○	○	rac one node test mode
_root_clone_skip_trigger	n/a	○	Skip trigger in Application Root Clone
_root_clone_state_from_root	○	○	Application Root Clone's state comes from Application Root
_row_cache_cursors	○	○	number of cached cursors for row cache management
_row_cache_dump_cooling_period	○	○	Period to wait (in minutes) before resetting dump count
_row_cache_dump_interval	○	○	Interval (in seconds) between each dump
_row_cr	○	○	enable row cr for all sql
_row_locking	○	○	row-locking
_row_shipping_explain	○	○	enable row shipping explain plan support
_row_shipping_threshold	○	○	row shipping column selection threshold
_rowlen_for_chaining_threshold	○	○	maximum rowlen above which rows may be chained across blocks
_rowsets_cdb_view_enabled	○	○	rowsets enabled for CDB views
_rowsets_enabled	○	○	enable/disable rowsets
_rowsets_max_enc_rows	○	○	maximum number of encoded rows in a rowset
_rowsets_max_rows	○	○	maximum number of rows in a rowset
_rowsets_target_maxsize	○	○	target size in bytes for space reserved in the frame for a rowset
_rowsets_use_encoding	○	○	allow/disallow use of encoding with rowsets
_rowsource_execution_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
_rowsource_profiling_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in v$active_session_history
_rowsource_statistics_sampfreq	○	○	frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a power of 2)
_rowsrc_trace_level	○	○	Row source tree tracing level
_rq_shm_max_size	○	○	maximum size of an RQuery shared memory segement (in KB)
_rsrc_cpu_count	n/a	○	CPU Count for allocating resources.
_rta_sync_wait_timeout	○	○	RTA sync wait timeout
_rtabnd_update_offload	○	○	RFS process offload RTA boundary update
_rtaddm_trigger_args	○	○	comma-separated list of numeric arguments for RT addm trigger
_rtaddm_trigger_enabled	○	○	To enable or disable Real-Time ADDM automatic trigger
_rtc_infeasible_threshold	○	○	Redo Transport Compression infeasible threshold
_rule_max_dnfp_cnt	○	○	Rules max dnf piece count
_runtime_index_key_length_check	n/a	○	allow runtime checking of index key length
_runtime_limit_parallel_fptr	n/a	○	run-time limit for for parallel first-pass recovery
_sage_block_checking	○	○	enable block checking of blocks returned by smartscan
_sample_rows_per_block	○	○	number of rows per block used for sampling IO optimization
_save_afns_on_subset_pdb_creation	○	○	Use one reserved AFN for skipped tablespaces on pdb subset creation with lower compat
_scalar_type_lob_storage_threshold	○	○	threshold for VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW storage as BLOB
_scatter_gcs_resources	○	○	if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_scatter_gcs_shadows	○	○	if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_sched_delay_max_samples	○	○	scheduling delay maximum number of samples
_sched_delay_measurement_sleep_us	○	○	scheduling delay mesurement sleep us
_sched_delay_os_tick_granularity_us	○	○	os tick granularity used by scheduling delay calculations
_sched_delay_sample_collection_thresh_ms	○	○	scheduling delay sample collection duration threshold ms
_sched_delay_sample_interval_ms	○	○	scheduling delay sampling interval in ms
_scn_wait_interface_max_backoff_time_secs	○	○	max exponential backoff time for scn wait interface in kta
_scn_wait_interface_max_timeout_secs	○	○	max timeout for scn wait interface in kta
_sdiag_crash	○	○	sql diag crash
_sec_enable_test_rpcs	○	○	Whether to enable the test RPCs
_second_spare_parameter	○	n/a	second spare parameter - integer
_second_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	second spare pdb parameter - integer
_securefile_log_num_latches	○	○	Maximum number of open descriptors for securefile log
_securefile_log_shared_pool_size	○	○	Size of securefile log buffer pool from SGA
_securefile_shrink_enable_nowaitlck	n/a	○	Enable Securefile Shrink NOWAIT row locking
_securefile_shrink_hash_table_limit	n/a	○	Size limit on Securefile Lob Shrink state Hash table
_securefile_timers	○	○	collect kdlu timers and accumulate per layers
_securefiles_bgtimeout	○	○	securefiles segment background invocation timeout
_securefiles_breakreten_retry	○	○	segment retry before dishonoring retention
_securefiles_bulkclnout	○	○	securefiles segment bulk clnout optization
_securefiles_bulkinsert	○	○	securefiles segment insert only optization
_securefiles_concurrency_estimate	○	○	securefiles concurrency estimate
_securefiles_dealloc_cfs	n/a	○	securefiles deallocate directly to CFS
_securefiles_fg_retry	○	○	segment retry before foreground waits
_securefiles_forceflush	○	○	securefiles force flush before allocation
_securefiles_increase_hbb	○	n/a	securefiles increase hbb
_securefiles_memory_percentofSGA	○	○	securefiles memory as percent of SGA
_securefiles_spcutl	○	○	securefiles segment utl optimization
_seed_root_undo_ratio	○	○	Ratio of PDB$SEED to ROOT undo size, expressed as a percentage
_selectivity_for_srf_enabled	○	○	enable/disable selectivity for storage reduction factor
_selfjoin_mv_duplicates	○	○	control rewrite self-join algorithm
_selftune_checkpoint_write_pct	○	○	Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
_selftune_checkpointing_lag	○	○	Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
_sem_per_semid	○	○	the exact number of semaphores per semaphore set to allocate
_send_ast_to_foreground	○	○	if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
_send_close_with_block	○	○	if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
_send_requests_to_pi	○	○	if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
_sensitive_common_as_local	○	○	treat common user as local user for sensitive data handling
_sensitive_common_users	○	○	list of common users to be treated as local
_sequence_scale_extend	○	○	Force sequence creation with scale extend
_sequence_scale_noextend	○	○	Force sequence creation with scale noextend
_serial_direct_read	○	○	enable direct read in serial
_serial_log_write_worker_io	○	○	Serialize log write worker I/O
_serial_recovery	○	○	force serial recovery or parallel recovery
_serializable	○	○	serializable
_serialize_lgwr_sync_io	○	○	Serialize LGWR SYNC local and remote io
_service_cleanup_timeout	○	○	timeout to peform service cleanup
_sess_sign_num_pools	n/a	○	session signature: number of pools
_sess_template_all_overflow	n/a	○	session template: put all attributes into overflow
_sess_template_cache_buckets	n/a	○	session template: number of cache buckets
_sess_template_enabled	n/a	○	session template: enabled
_sess_template_max_cache_size	n/a	○	session template: max cache size (in 1/100% of SGA)
_sess_template_new_lists	n/a	○	session template: number of new lists
_sess_template_purge_time_mins	n/a	○	session template: purge time (in minutes)
_sess_template_spares	n/a	○	session template: spares
_session_allocation_latches	○	○	one latch per group of sessions
_session_aware_replay	○	○	Enable session aware replay
_session_cached_instantiations	○	○	Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
_session_context_size	○	○	session app context size
_session_fast_lrg_prediction	○	n/a	use short interval for session SO prediction
_session_idle_bit_latches	○	○	one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
_session_limit_percent_cap	n/a	○	session limit percent cap
_session_max_pred_increase	○	○	session SO max predicted increase
_session_modp_list	n/a	○	send session's modified parameter list to client
_session_page_extent	○	○	Session Page Extent Size
_session_percent_rampup_end	○	○	session SO percent rampup end
_session_percent_rampup_start	○	○	session SO percent rampup start
_session_prediction_failover_buffer	○	○	session prediction failover buffer
_session_prediction_interval	○	n/a	session SO prediction interval
_session_save_prediction	○	○	save session prediction for next instance startup
_session_so_max_inc	n/a	○	session SO max inc
_session_use_linear_prediction	○	n/a	use session SO lin-reg prediction
_session_use_periodic_prediction	○	n/a	use session SO periodic prediction
_session_wait_history	○	○	enable session wait history collection
_set_container_service	○	○	set container service
_seventeenth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventeenth spare parameter - integer
_seventeenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	seventeenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_seventh_spare_parameter	○	n/a	seventh spare parameter - integer
_seventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	seventh spare pdb parameter - integer
_seventieth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventieth spare parameter - integer
_seventieth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	seventieth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_seventy-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-eighth spare parameter - integer
_seventy-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-fifth spare parameter - integer
_seventy-first_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-first spare parameter - integer
_seventy-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-fourth spare parameter - integer
_seventy-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-ninth spare parameter - integer
_seventy-second_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-second spare parameter - integer
_seventy-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-seventh spare parameter - integer
_seventy-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-sixth spare parameter - integer
_seventy-third_spare_parameter	○	○	seventy-third spare parameter - integer
_sf_default_enabled	○	○	enable 12g securefile default
_sga_alloc_slaves_term_timeout_secs	○	○	Termination timeout in secs for SA** slaves
_sga_clear_dump	○	○	Allow dumping encrypted blocks in clear for debugging
_sga_early_trace	○	○	sga early trace event
_sga_grow_batch_size	○	○	Dynamic SGA grow batch size
_sga_heap_chunk_alignment	○	○	force SGA heap chunk alignment
_sga_heap_chunk_alignment_disabled	○	○	force SGA heap chunks not to be aligned
_sga_shrink_allow	○	○	Allow SGA shrink operation
_shadow_lost_write_found	○	○	Specify shadow lost write error handling
_shadow_lost_write_tracing	○	○	Enable new lost write tracing
_shard_ddl_policy	n/a	○	DDL execution mode for shards
_shard_sesscache_cnt	n/a	○	enable session caching for shard SQL
_shard_sql_use_chunk_ids	○	○	Shard SQL use chunk ids
_shardgroup_name	○	○	gsm shardgroup name
_shardspace_name	○	○	gsm shardspace name
_share_drcp_proxy_sessions	○	○	Enable Disable Proxy Session Sharing DRCP
_shared_io_pool_buf_size	○	○	Shared IO pool buffer size
_shared_io_pool_debug_trc	○	○	trace kcbi debug info to tracefile
_shared_io_pool_size	○	○	Size of shared IO pool
_shared_io_set_value	○	○	shared io pool size set internal value - overwrite zero user size
_shared_iop_max_size	○	○	maximum shared io pool size
_shared_pool_max_size	○	○	shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_max_sz	○	○
_shared_pool_minsize_on	○	○	shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc	○	○	minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of shared pool
_shared_pool_reserved_pct	○	○	percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the reserved area
_shared_server_load_balance	○	○	shared server load balance
_shared_server_num_queues	○	○	number of shared server common queues
_shared_server_sizing_coeff	○	○	Shared server sizing coefficient
_shared_servers_performance	○	○	Tradeoff shared servers resource usage for performance
_shd_atomic_move	○	○	Use atomic move
_shd_reptype	○	○	replication type of the databse and pool
_shmprotect	○	○	allow mprotect use for shared memory
_short_stack_timeout_ms	○	○	short stack timeout in ms
_show_login_pdb_sessions	○	○	return logon pdb container id from v$session
_show_mgd_recovery_state	○	n/a	Show internal managed recovery state
_shrd_que_tm_processes	○	○	number of sharded queue Time Managers to start
_shrd_que_tm_statistics_duration	○	○	Shaded queue statistics collection window duration
_shrunk_aggs_disable_threshold	○	○	percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full length aggs
_shrunk_aggs_enabled	○	○	enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct aggregates
_shutdown_completion_timeout_mins	○	○	minutes for shutdown operation to wait for sessions to complete
_shutdown_sync_enable	○	○	if TRUE, shutdown sync is issued before shutdown normal
_side_channel_batch_size	○	○	number of messages to batch in a side channel message (DFS)
_side_channel_batch_timeout	○	○	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in seconds
_side_channel_batch_timeout_ms	○	○	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in milliseconds
_simple_view_merging	○	○	control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
_simulate_dax_storage	○	○	Simulate log on DAX storage
_simulate_disk_sectorsize	○	○	Enables skgfr to report simulated physical disk sector size
_simulate_io_wait	○	○	Simulate I/O wait to test segment advisor
_simulate_logical_sectorsize	○	○	Enables skgfr to report simulated logical disk sector size
_simulate_mem_transfer	○	○	simulate auto memory sga/pga transfers
_simulated_log_write_usecs	○	○	Simulated latency of log writes (usecs)
_simulator_bucket_mindelta	○	○	LRU bucket minimum delta
_simulator_internal_bound	○	○	simulator internal bound percent
_simulator_lru_rebalance_sizthr	○	○	LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
_simulator_lru_rebalance_thresh	○	○	LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
_simulator_lru_scan_count	○	○	LRU scan count
_simulator_pin_inval_maxcnt	○	○	maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
_simulator_reserved_heap_count	○	○	simulator reserved heap count
_simulator_reserved_obj_count	○	○	simulator reserved object count
_simulator_sampling_factor	○	○	sampling factor for the simulator
_simulator_upper_bound_multiple	○	○	upper bound multiple of pool size
_single_process	○	○	run without detached processes
_singleton_service_goodness_disabled	n/a	○	singleton srvc goodness
_siop_flashback_scandepth	○	○	Shared IO pool flashback io completion scan depth
_siop_init_mem_gradually	○	○	will cause shared io pool in small chunks
_siop_perc_of_bc_x100	○	○	percentange * 100 of cache to transfer to shared io pool
_sixteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixteenth spare parameter - integer
_sixteenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_sixth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	sixth spare parameter - integer
_sixth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixth spare pdb parameter - integer
_sixtieth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixtieth spare parameter - integer
_sixtieth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixtieth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_sixty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-eighth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_sixty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-fifth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-first spare parameter - integer
_sixty-first_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-first spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_sixty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-fourth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_sixty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-ninth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-second spare parameter - integer
_sixty-second_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-second spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_sixty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-seventh spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_sixty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-sixth spare pdb parameter - boolean
_sixty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	sixty-third spare parameter - integer
_sixty-third_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	sixty-third spare pdb parameter - boolean
_size_of_log_table	○	○	modifying this hidden parameter, will modify the sizeof the v$gcr_log table
_size_of_status_table	○	n/a	modifying this hidden parameter, will modify the sizeof the v$gcr_status table
_skgxp_ant_options	○	○	SKGXP ANT options (oss)
_skgxp_ctx_flags1	○	○	IPC debug options flags (oss)
_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	○	○	IPC debug options flags mask (oss)
_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	○	○	IPC protocol override (!0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,0x1000=ipc_X)
_skgxp_gen_ant_off_rpc_timeout_in_sec	○	○	VRPC request timeout when ANT disabled
_skgxp_gen_ant_ping_misscount	○	○	ANT protocol ping miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_no_path_check_in_sec	○	○	ANT ping protocol miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_timeout_in_sec	○	○	VRPC request timeout when ANT enabled
_skgxp_inets	○	○	limit SKGXP networks (oss)
_skgxp_min_rpc_rcv_zcpy_len	○	○	IPC threshold for rpc rcv zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_min_zcpy_len	○	○	IPC threshold for zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_reaping	○	○	tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
_skgxp_rgn_ports	○	○	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_skgxp_spare_param1	○	○	ipc oss spare parameter 1
_skgxp_spare_param2	○	○	ipc oss spare parameter 2
_skgxp_spare_param3	○	○	ipc oss spare parameter 3
_skgxp_spare_param4	○	○	ipc oss spare parameter 4
_skgxp_spare_param5	○	○	ipc oss spare parameter 5
_skgxp_udp_ach_reaping_time	○	○	time in minutes before idle ach's are reaped
_skgxp_udp_ack_delay	○	○	Enables delayed acks
_skgxp_udp_enable_dynamic_credit_mgmt	○	○	Enables dynamic credit management
_skgxp_udp_hiwat_warn	○	○	ach hiwat mark warning interval
_skgxp_udp_interface_detection_time_secs	○	○	time in seconds between interface detection checks
_skgxp_udp_keep_alive_ping_timer_secs	○	○	connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
_skgxp_udp_lmp_mtusize	○	○	MTU size for UDP LMP testing
_skgxp_udp_lmp_on	○	○	enable UDP long message protection
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_buffering	○	○	diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed wait (0 means unbufferd
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_seconds	○	○	time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
_skgxp_udp_use_tcb	○	○	disable use of high speek timer
_skgxp_zcpy_flags	○	○	IPC zcpy options flags
_skgxpg_last_parameter	○	○	last defined skgxpg parameter - oss
_skip_acfs_checks	○	○	Override checking if on an ACFS file system
_skip_app_object_check	○	○	Skip application object checks
_skip_app_unconverted_check	○	○	Skip application unconverted check
_skip_assume_msg	○	○	if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
_skip_oradism_check	n/a	○	Switch on all features for the purpose of testing
_skip_pdb_recovery_if_keystore_not_open	○	○	Skip PDB recovery when the PDB's keystore is not open
_skip_pset_col_chk	○	○	skip validation of partition set keys in DML
_skip_sequence_cache_close_immediate	n/a	○	Skip sequence cache flush on pdb shutdown immediate
_skip_trstamp_check	○	○	Skip terminal recovery stamp check
_skip_unconverted_change_vector	○	○	Skip apply of a CV that has no endian conversion function
_slave_mapping_enabled	○	○	enable slave mapping when TRUE
_slave_mapping_group_size	○	○	force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
_slave_mapping_skew_ratio	○	○	maximum skew before slave mapping is disabled
_slow_kill_on_pdb_close_immediate	○	○	Kill sessions periodically on pdb close immediate
_small_table_threshold	○	○	lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_smm_advice_enabled	○	○	if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
_smm_advice_log_size	○	○	overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
_smm_auto_cost_enabled	○	○	if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
_smm_auto_max_io_size	○	○	Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_min_io_size	○	○	Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_bound	○	○	overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
_smm_control	○	○	provides controls on the memory manager
_smm_freeable_retain	○	○	value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to retain
_smm_isort_cap	○	○	maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
_smm_max_size	○	○	maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_max_size_static	○	○	static maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_min_size	○	○	minimum work area size in auto mode
_smm_px_max_size	○	○	maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_px_max_size_static	○	○	static maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_retain_size	○	○	work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions (0 for AUTO)
_smm_trace	○	○	Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
_smon_internal_errlimit	○	○	limit of SMON internal errors
_smon_ofd_sleep_interval	n/a	○	smon sleep internval for undo ofd test
_smon_undo_seg_rescan_limit	○	○	limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
_smu_debug_mode	○	○	<debug-flag> - set debug event for testing SMU operations
_smu_error_simulation_site	○	○	site ID of error simulation in KTU code
_smu_error_simulation_type	○	○	error type for error simulation in KTU code
_smu_timeouts	○	○	comma-separated *AND double-quoted* list of AUM timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl
_snapshot_recovery_enabled	○	○	enable/disable snapshot recovery
_so_max_inc	○	n/a	SO max inc
_so_percent_lower_bound_final	○	○	SO percent lower bound final
_so_percent_lower_bound_strt	○	○	SO percent lower bound start
_so_percent_upper_bound_final	○	○	SO percent upper bound final
_so_percent_upper_bound_strt	○	○	SO percent upper bound start
_sort_elimination_cost_ratio	○	○	cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
_sort_multiblock_read_count	○	○	multi-block read count for sort
_sort_spill_threshold	○	○	force sort to spill to disk each time this many rows are received
_sort_sync_min_spill_threshold	○	○	controls the mininum spill size for synchronized spill (in percent)
_sort_sync_min_spillsize	○	○	controls the size of mininum run size for synchronized spill (in kb)
_space_align_size	○	○	space align size
_spacebg_sync_segblocks	○	○	to enable/disable segmon driver
_spacereuse_track_memlimit	○	○	Percentage of shared pool for use by spacereuse tracking
_spadr	○	○	_SPADR
_spare_test_parameter	○	○	Spare test parameter
_sparse_backing_file	○	○	specifies sparse backing file
_spawn_diag_opts	○	○	thread spawn diagnostic options
_spawn_diag_thresh_secs	○	○	thread spawn diagnostic minimal threshold in seconds
_spec_replace_locks_body	n/a	○	Lock body when replacing a package specification
_spfdc	○	○	SPFDC
_spfei	○	○	SPFEI
_spfoc	○	○	SPFOC
_spin_count	○	○	Amount to spin waiting for a latch
_split_file_copy	○	○	Enable block-level parallelism for file copy in Create PDB
_spr_max_rules	○	○	maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
_spr_push_pred_refspr	○	○	push predicates through reference spreadsheet
_spr_use_AW_AS	○	○	enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
_sql_alias_scope	○	○	Use only SQL name resolution for a column whose alias matches that of some table
_sql_analyze_enable_auto_txn	○	○	SQL Analyze Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_sql_analyze_parse_model	○	○	SQL Analyze Parse Model control parameter
_sql_compatibility	○	○	sql compatability bit vector
_sql_connect_capability_override	○	○	SQL Connect Capability Table Override
_sql_connect_capability_table	○	○	SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
_sql_diag_repo_origin	○	○	duarations where sql diag repository are retained
_sql_diag_repo_retain	○	○	retain sql diag repository to cursor or not
_sql_hash_debug	○	○	Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
_sql_hvshare_debug	○	○	control hash value sharing debug level
_sql_hvshare_threshold	○	○	threshold to control hash value sharing across operators
_sql_model_unfold_forloops	○	○	specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
_sql_ncg_mode	○	○	Optimization mode for SQL NCG
_sql_plan_directive_mgmt_control	○	○	controls internal SQL Plan Directive management activities
_sql_plan_management_control	○	○	controls various internal SQL Plan Management algorithms
_sql_show_expreval	○	○	show expression evalution as shared hash producer in plan	show expression evalution as shared hash producer in plan
_sqlexec_aggregation_settings	n/a	○	runtime settings for aggregation
_sqlexec_bitmap_options	○	○	settings for bitmap count distinct optimizations
_sqlexec_bitmap_sparse_size	○	○	maximum number of sparse bitmap values
_sqlexec_cache_aware_hash_aggr_enabled	○	○	enable/disable cache aware hash aggregation
_sqlexec_cache_aware_hash_join_enabled	○	○	enable/disable cache aware hash join
_sqlexec_disable_hash_based_distagg_tiv	○	○	disable hash based distinct aggregation in TIV for gby queries
_sqlexec_distagg_optimization_settings	○	○	settings for distinct aggregation optimizations
_sqlexec_encoding_aware_hj_enabled	○	○	enable/disable encoding aware hash join
_sqlexec_encoding_aware_hj_min_compression_ratio	○	○	minimum compression ratio to leverage encoding for HJ probe
_sqlexec_hash_aggr_small_mem_blocks	n/a	○	hash aggregation small initial memory footprint number of blocks
_sqlexec_hash_based_distagg_enabled	○	○	enable hash based distinct aggregation for gby queries
_sqlexec_hash_based_distagg_ser_civ_enabled	n/a	○	enable hash based distinct aggregation in serial/CIV queries
_sqlexec_hash_based_distagg_ssf_enabled	○	○	enable hash based distinct aggregation for single set gby queries
_sqlexec_hash_based_set_operation_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable hash based set operation
_sqlexec_hash_join_uses_xmem	○	○	enable/disable xmem PGA for hash join areas
_sqlexec_hash_rollup_enabled	n/a	○	enable hash rollup
_sqlexec_join_group_aware_hj_enabled	○	○	enable/disable join group aware hash join
_sqlexec_join_group_aware_hj_unencoded_rowsets_tolerated	○	○	minimum number of unencoded rowsets processed before adaptation
_sqlexec_pwiseops_with_binds_enabled	○	○	enable partition wise execution in the presence of bind variables in inlist equality operator in where clause
_sqlexec_pwiseops_with_sqlfuncs_enabled	○	○	enables partition wise operations even in the presence of functions over table partition keys
_sqlexec_reorder_wif_enabled	○	○	enable re-ordering of window functions
_sqlexec_sort_uses_xmem	○	○	enable/disable xmem PGA for sort areas
_sqlexec_use_delayed_unpacking	n/a	○	enable/disable the usage of delayed unpacking
_sqlexec_use_kgghash3	○	○	use CRC-based hash function
_sqlexec_use_rwo_aware_expr_analysis	○	○	enable/disable the usage of row vector aware expression analysis
_sqlmon_binds_xml_format	○	○	format of column binds_xml in [G]V$SQL_MONITOR
_sqlmon_max_plan	○	○	Maximum number of plans entry that can be monitored. Defaults to 20 per CPU
_sqlmon_max_planlines	○	○	Number of plan lines beyond which a plan cannot be monitored
_sqlmon_recycle_time	○	○	Minimum time (in s) to wait before a plan entry can be recycled
_sqlmon_threshold	○	○	CPU/IO time threshold before a statement is monitored. 0 is disabled
_sqlset_hash_max_size	○	○	Max size of hash table used when loading into a SQL set
_sqltune_category_parsed	○	○	Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
_srvntfn_job_deq_timeout	○	○	srvntfn job deq timeout
_srvntfn_jobsubmit_interval	○	○	srvntfn job submit interval
_srvntfn_max_concurrent_jobs	○	○	srvntfn max concurrent jobs
_srvntfn_q_msgcount	○	○	srvntfn q msg count for job exit
_srvntfn_q_msgcount_inc	○	○	srvntfn q msg count increase for job submit
_sscr_dir	○	○	Session State Capture and Restore DIRectory object
_sscr_osdir	○	○	Session State Capture and Restore OS DIRectory
_sta_control	○	○	SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
_stack_guard_level	○	○	stack guard level
_standby_auto_flashback	○	○	Standby automatic flashback when primary flashed back
_standby_causal_heartbeat_timeout	○	○	readable standby causal heartbeat timeout
_standby_flush_mode	○	○	standby flush mode
_standby_implicit_rcv_timeout	○	○	minutes to wait for redo during standby implicit recovery
_standby_newkey_keystore_location	○	○	Location of keystore on standby having new key
_standby_switchover_timeout	○	○	Number of secords for standby switchover enqueue timeout
_stat_aggs_one_pass_algorithm	○	○	enable one pass algorithm for variance-related functions
_static_backgrounds	○	○	static backgrounds
_statistics_based_srf_enabled	○	○	enable/disable the use of statistics for storage reduction factor
_stats_encryption_enabled	○	○	Enable statistics encryption on sensitive data
_step_down_limit_in_pct	○	○	step down limit in percentage
_streams_pool_max_size	○	○	streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_strict_dml_data_link	○	○	Enable strict semantics for DML into [Extended] Data Link
_strict_redaction_semantics	○	○	Strict Data Redaction semantics
_strict_utl_http_smtp	n/a	○	Enforce strict URL checks on UTL_HTTP and UTL_SMTP Packages
_subquery_pruning_cost_factor	○	○	subquery pruning cost factor
_subquery_pruning_enabled	○	○	enable the use of subquery predicates to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_flags	n/a	○	subquery pruning flags
_subquery_pruning_mv_enabled	○	○	enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_reduction	○	○	subquery pruning reduction factor
_super_shared_conversion_threshold	○	○	conversion threshold limit for supershared mode
_super_shared_enable	○	○	enable super shared mode for latches
_super_shared_max_exclusive_conversions	○	○	Maximum consecutive exclusive conversions to convert a super shared latch
_suppress_identifiers_on_dupkey	○	○	supress owner index name err msg
_suppress_migration_errors	○	○	Suppress migration errors during Application Sync
_suspend_4031_timeout	○	○	sga timeout in seconds for 4031
_suspend_4036_timeout	○	○	pga timeout in seconds for 4036
_suspended_session_timeout	○	○	Timeout to kill suspended sess aft switchover
_swat_ver_mv_knob	n/a	○	Knob to control MV/REWRITE behavior
_switch_current_scan_scn	○	○	switch current uses scan scn
_switchover_through_cascade	○	○	Enable switchover through farsync
_switchover_timeout	○	○	Switchover timeout in minutes
_switchover_to_standby_option	○	○	option for graceful switchover to standby
_switchover_to_standby_switch_log	○	○	Switchover to standby switches log for open redo threads
_swrf_metric_frequent_mode	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
_swrf_mmon_dbfus	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
_swrf_mmon_flush	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
_swrf_mmon_metrics	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
_swrf_on_disk_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
_swrf_test_action	○	○	test action parameter for SWRF
_swrf_test_dbfus	○	○	Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
_symbol_no_translation	n/a	○	disable symbol tranlations in call stacks
_sync_app_pdb_first_open	○	○	sync application PDB automatically on first open
_sync_error_handler	n/a	○	error handler function for Application Sync
_sync_primary_wait_time	○	○	wait time for alter session sync with primary
_synchronous_rewrap_rac_ts_keys	n/a	○	if TRUE, synchronously rewrap TS keys in all nodes in MK rekey
_synonym_repoint_tracing	○	○	whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym repointing
_sys_logon_delay	○	○	The failed logon delay for the database instance
_sysaux_test_param	○	○	test parameter for SYSAUX
_sysdate_at_dbtimezone	○	○	return SYSDATE at database timezone
_system_api_interception_debug	○	○	enable debug tracing for system api interception
_system_index_caching	○	○	optimizer percent system index caching
_system_memory_simulate	n/a	○	system memory simulation mode, TRUE for hugetlbfs simulation
_system_partition_with_default	○	○	allow default partition for system partitioned tables
_system_state_cputime_limit	○	○	cputime limit for system state dump
_system_state_runtime_limit	○	○	runtime limit for system state dump
_system_trig_enabled	○	○	are system triggers enabled
_ta_lns_wait_for_arch_log	○	n/a	LNS Wait time for archived version of ORL
_table_lookup_prefetch_size	○	○	table lookup prefetch vector size
_table_lookup_prefetch_thresh	○	○	table lookup prefetch threshold
_table_scan_cost_plus_one	○	○	bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by one
_tablespace_encryption_default_algorithm	○	n/a	default tablespace encryption block cipher mode
_tablespaces_per_transaction	○	○	estimated number of tablespaces manipulated by each transaction
_target_log_write_size	○	○	Do log write if this many redo blocks in buffer (auto=0)
_target_log_write_size_percent_for_poke	○	○	Ask LGWR to write if strand has this % of target write size blocks
_target_log_write_size_spinwait	○	○	How long LGWR spins to waits for target write size blocks
_target_log_write_size_timeout	○	○	How long LGWR will wait for redo to accumulate (msecs)
_target_rba_max_lag_percentage	○	○	target rba max log lag percentage
_tcpinfo_statistics_save_atexit	n/a	○	TCP Info Statistics Save At Exit
_tdb_debug_mode	○	○	set debug mode for testing transportable database
_temp_tran_block_threshold	○	○	number of blocks for a dimension before we temp transform
_temp_tran_cache	○	○	determines if temp table is created with cache option
_temp_undo_disable_adg	○	○	is temp undo disabled on ADG
_temp_undo_disable_refresh_clone	n/a	○	is temp undo disabled on refreshable clone PDB
_temp_undo_optimal_extents	○	○	optimal number of extents for temp undo
_tenth_spare_parameter	○	○	tenth spare parameter - integer
_tenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	tenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_test_flashback_shrink	n/a	○	test flashback datafile shrink feature
_test_hm_extent_map	○	○	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_test_ksusigskip	○	○	test the function ksusigskip
_test_offload_pdb_sga_init	○	○	Test offload of PDB SGA creation
_test_param_1	○	○	test parmeter 1 - integer
_test_param_10	○	○	test parameter 10 - string param
_test_param_10_bi	○	○	test parameter 10 - bigint param
_test_param_10_i	○	○	test parameter 10 - int param
_test_param_11_base	○	○	test parameter 11 base
_test_param_11_dep	○	○	test parameter 11 dependent
_test_param_12	○	○	test parameter 12 - int param
_test_param_13	n/a	○	test parmeter 13 - boolean
_test_param_14	n/a	○	test parmeter 14 - string list
_test_param_15	n/a	○	test parmeter 15 - integer
_test_param_2	○	○	test parameter 2 - string
_test_param_3	○	○	test parameter 3 - string
_test_param_4	○	○	test parameter 4 - string list
_test_param_4_1	n/a	○	test parameter 4_1 - nonsys mod. string list
_test_param_5	○	○	test parmeter 5 - deprecated integer
_test_param_6	○	○	test parmeter 6 - size (ub8)
_test_param_7	○	○	test parameter 7 - big integer list
_test_param_8	○	○	test parameter 8 - cdb tests
_test_param_9	○	○	test parameter 9 - umbrella param
_test_param_9_1	○	○	test parameter 9_1 - cascade param1
_test_param_9_2	○	○	test parameter 9_2 - cascade param2
_test_param_9_3	○	○	test parameter 9_3 - cascade param3
_test_param_pdb_spare	n/a	○	test parameter pdb spare
_test_param_spare	n/a	○	test parameter spare
_test_xmem_alloc_size	○	○	unit test xmem alloc size
_third_spare_parameter	○	○	third spare parameter - integer
_third_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	third spare pdb parameter - integer
_thirteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirteenth spare parameter - integer
_thirteenth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirteenth spare pdb parameter - integer
_thirtieth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirtieth spare parameter - integer
_thirtieth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirtieth spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_thirty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-eighth spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_thirty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-fifth spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-first spare parameter - integer
_thirty-first_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-first spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_thirty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-fourth spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_thirty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-ninth spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-second spare parameter - integer
_thirty-second_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-second spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_thirty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-seventh spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_thirty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-sixth spare pdb parameter - string
_thirty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	thirty-third spare parameter - integer
_thirty-third_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	thirty-third spare pdb parameter - string
_thread_state_change_timeout_pnp	○	○	Thread state change timeout for PnP instance (in sec)
_threshold_alerts_enable	○	○	if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
_time_based_rcv_ckpt_target	○	○	time-based incremental recovery checkpoint target in sec
_time_based_rcv_hdr_update_interval	○	○	time-based incremental recovery file header update interval in sec
_timemodel_collection	○	○	enable timemodel collection
_timeout_actions_enabled	○	○	enables or disables KSU timeout actions
_timer_precision	○	○	VKTM timer precision in milli-sec
_total_large_extent_memory	○	○	Total memory for allocating large extents
_touch_sga_pages_during_allocation	○	○	touch SGA pages during allocation
_tq_dump_period	○	○	time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
_trace_buffer_wait_timeouts	○	○	trace buffer busy wait timeouts
_trace_buffers	○	○	trace buffer sizes per process
_trace_dump_all_procs	○	○	if TRUE on error buckets of all processes will be dumped to the current trace file
_trace_dump_client_buckets	○	○	if TRUE dump client (ie. non-kst) buckets
_trace_dump_cur_proc_only	○	○	if TRUE on error just dump our process bucket
_trace_dump_static_only	○	○	if TRUE filter trace dumps to always loaded dlls
_trace_events	○	○	trace events enabled at startup
_trace_files_public	○	○	Create publicly accessible trace files
_trace_kqlidp	○	○	trace kqlidp0 operation
_trace_ktds	○	○	Trace block reuse
_trace_ktfs	○	○	Trace ILM Stats Tracking
_trace_ktfs_mem	○	○	Debug memleak
_trace_navigation_scope	○	○	enabling trace navigation linking
_trace_pin_time	○	○	trace how long a current pin is held
_trace_pool_size	○	○	trace pool size in bytes
_trace_processes	○	○	enable KST tracing in process
_trace_suppress	n/a	○	suppresses matching trace for a given substring(prefix)
_trace_suppress_disable	n/a	○	Disable trace suppress feature
_trace_temp	○	○	Trace Tempspace Management
_trace_virtual_columns	○	○	trace virtual columns exprs
_track_metrics_memory	○	○	Enable/disable Metrics Memory Tracking
_track_space_reuse	○	○	SpaceReuse Tracking
_track_space_reuse_rac	○	○	SpaceReuse Tracking Enable in RAC
_transaction_auditing	○	○	transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
_transaction_recovery_servers	○	○	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
_transient_logical_clear_hold_mrp_bit	○	○	clear KCCDI2HMRP flag during standby recovery
_truncate_optimization_enabled	○	○	do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
_tsenc_obfuscate_key	○	○	Encryption key obfuscation in memory
_tsenc_tracing	○	○	Enable TS encryption tracing
_tsm_connect_string	○	○	TSM test connect string
_tsm_disable_auto_cleanup	○	○	Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
_tstz_localtime_bypass	○	○	Should TTC not convert to LocalTime to preserve Timestamp with Timezone values
_ttc_annotations_level	n/a	○	enable ttc annotations
_tts_allow_charset_mismatch	○	○	allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible character set
_twelfth_spare_parameter	○	n/a	twelfth spare parameter - integer
_twelfth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twelfth spare pdb parameter - integer
_twentieth_spare_parameter	○	○	twentieth spare parameter - integer
_twentieth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twentieth spare pdb parameter - integer
_twenty-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-eighth spare parameter - integer
_twenty-eighth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-eighth spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-fifth spare parameter - integer
_twenty-fifth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-fifth spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-first_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-first spare parameter - integer
_twenty-first_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-first spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-fourth spare parameter - integer
_twenty-fourth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-fourth spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-ninth spare parameter - integer
_twenty-ninth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-ninth spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-second_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-second spare parameter - integer
_twenty-second_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-second spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-seventh spare parameter - integer
_twenty-seventh_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-seventh spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-sixth spare parameter - integer
_twenty-sixth_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-sixth spare pdb parameter - string
_twenty-third_spare_parameter	○	○	twenty-third spare parameter - integer
_twenty-third_spare_pdb_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-third spare pdb parameter - string
_two-hundred-and-eighteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-eighteenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-eighth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-eleventh_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-eleventh spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-fifteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-fifteenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-fifth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-first_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-first spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-fourteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-fourteenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-fourth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-nineteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-nineteenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-ninth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-ninth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-second_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-second spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-seventeenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-seventeenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-sixteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-sixteenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-tenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-tenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-third_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-third spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-thirteenth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-thirteenth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-twelfth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-twelfth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundred-and-twentieth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundred-and-twentieth spare parameter - boolean
_two-hundredth_spare_parameter	○	○	two-hundredth spare parameter - boolean
_two_pass	○	○	enable two-pass thread recovery
_two_pass_reverse_polish_enabled	○	○	uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical forms
_txn_control_trace_buf_size	○	○	size the in-memory buffer size of txn control
_txn_spare1	n/a	○	transaction spare variable1
_txn_spare2	n/a	○	transaction spare variable2
_txn_spare3	n/a	○	transaction spare variable3
_uga_cga_large_extent_size	○	○	UGA/CGA large extent size
_ultrafast_latch_statistics	○	○	maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
_umf_remote_enabled	○	○	Enable remote UMF operations
_umf_remote_target_dblink	○	○	UMF Remote Target DBLink for Flushing
_umf_test_action	○	○	test action parameter for UMF
_undo_autotune	○	○	enable auto tuning of undo_retention
_undo_block_compression	○	○	enable undo block compression
_undo_debug_mode	○	○	debug flag for undo related operations
_undo_debug_usage	○	○	invoke undo usage functions for testing
_undo_ofd_enabled	n/a	○	enable ordered offline drop of undo segments for datafile shrink
_undo_ofd_excess	n/a	○	percent of excess undo segments to offline or drop
_undo_ofd_reserve	n/a	○	percent of excess undo segments to keep online
_undo_tbs_slave_percent	○	○	Percentage of redo slaves for undo tablespace
_undotbs_regular_tables	○	○	Create regular tables in undo tablespace
_undotbs_stepdown_pcent	○	○	Undo Tablespace small allocation step down percentage
_unified_audit_flush_interval	○	n/a	Unified Audit SGA Queue Flush Interval
_unified_audit_flush_threshold	○	n/a	Unified Audit SGA Queue Flush Threshold
_unified_audit_policy_disabled	○	○	Disable Default Unified Audit Policies on DB Create
_unified_pga_block_size	n/a	○	Unified PGA internal block size
_unified_pga_gran_free_timeout	n/a	○	Granule free timeout
_unified_pga_gran_leak_timeout	n/a	○	Granule leak timeout
_unified_pga_list_count	n/a	○	Unified PGA internal list count
_unified_pga_max_pool_size	n/a	○	max size in bytes of the unified pga pool
_unified_pga_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of the unified pga pool
_union_rewrite_for_gs	○	○	expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
_uniq_cons_sql_enforcement	○	○	disable extended data unique constraint SQL enforcement
_unnest_subquery	○	○	enables unnesting of complex subqueries
_unused_block_compression	○	○	enable unused block compression
_update_datafile_headers_with_space_information	○	○	user requested update of datafile headers of locally managed datafiles with space information
_upddel_dba_hash_mask_bits	○	○	controls masking of lower order bits in DBA
_upgrade_capture_noops	○	○	do not skip capturing noops during upgrade
_upgrade_optim	○	○	Upgrade optimization enabled
_upgrade_pdb_on_open	n/a	○	Enable upgrading a PDB automatically on open
_usd_preload_blks	○	○	USD preload block count for prefetch
_usd_recent_read	○	○	Allow to scan recent USD blocks
_use_adaptive_log_file_sync	○	○	Adaptively switch between post/wait and polling
_use_best_fit	○	○	use best fit to allocate space
_use_cached_asm_free_space	○	○	Should x$kttets use cached ASM free space info
_use_column_stats_for_function	○	○	enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
_use_dynamic_shares	○	○	use dynamic shares
_use_fallocate_for_mga	○	○	MGA fallocate enabled
_use_fips_mode	○	○	Enable use of crypographic libraries in FIPS mode
_use_futex_ipc	○	○	use futex ipc
_use_hugetlbfs_for_SGA	○	○	Enable HugeTLBFS usage for SGA
_use_hugetlbfs_per_granule	○	○	Enable file per granule with HugeTLBFS
_use_hybrid_encryption_mode	○	○	Enable platform optimized encryption in hybrid mode
_use_ism	○	○	Enable Shared Page Tables - ISM
_use_ism_for_pga	○	○	Use ISM for allocating large extents
_use_large_pages_for_mga	○	○	MGA largepage enabled
_use_nosegment_indexes	○	○	use nosegment indexes in explain plan
_use_pdb_parselock	○	○	use PDB level parselock on ADG
_use_platform_compression_lib	○	○	Enable platform optimized compression implementation
_use_platform_encryption_lib	○	○	Enable platform optimized encryption implementation
_use_platform_hash_function	○	○	control use of platform specific hash function
_use_realfree_heap	○	○	use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
_use_seq_process_cache	○	○	whether to use process local seq cache
_use_single_log_writer	○	○	Use a single process for redo log writing
_use_vector_post	○	○	use vector post
_use_zero_copy_io	○	○	Should network vector IO interface be used for data transfer
_user_defined_sharding	○	○	enable user-defined sharding
_ut_fast_lrg_prediction	n/a	○	use short interval for session SO prediction
_utl32k_mv_query	○	○	utl32k.sql is compiling a materialized view query
_utlfile_dirpath	n/a	○	return Utl_File Accessible
_utlmmig_table_stats_gathering	○	○	enable/disable utlmmig table stats gathering at upgrade
_uts_disable_client_ip_trace	n/a	○	Disables the printing of client IP address in trace files
_uts_enable_alltrc_stats	○	○	Enables accounting of trace data in incident and cdmp trace files
_uts_first_segment_retain	○	○	Should we retain the first trace segment
_uts_first_segment_size	○	○	Maximum size (in bytes) of first segments
_uts_force_seclabel_prefix	n/a	○	Force output of trace record security label prefix
_uts_inc_inmem_trace	○	○	Controls UTS in-memory tracing during an active incident
_uts_trace_buffer_size	○	○	Trace disk buffer size
_uts_trace_disk_threshold	○	○	Trace disk threshold parameter
_uts_trace_files_nopurge	○	○	Sets trace files to not get purged
_uts_trace_segment_size	○	○	Maximum size (in bytes) of a trace segment
_uts_trace_segments	○	○	Maximum number of trace segments
_validate_flashback_database	○	○	Scan database to validate result of flashback database
_validate_metric_groups	○	○	Enable/disable SGA Metric Structure validation
_validate_readmem_redo	○	○	validate redo blocks read from in-memory log buffer
_vector_aggregation_max_size	○	○	max size of vector aggregation space
_vector_dense_accum_max	○	○	vector group by dense accumulator space max
_vector_encoding_mode	○	○	enable vector encoding(OFF/MANUAL/AUTO)
_vector_operations_control	○	○	control different uses/algorithms related to vector transform
_vector_serialize_temp_threshold	○	○	threshold for serializing vector transform temp table writes
_vendor_lib_loc	○	○	Vendor library search root directory
_verify_encrypted_tablespace_keys	○	○	if TRUE, verify encryption key signature for data files
_verify_fg_log_checksum	○	○	LGWR verifies redo checksums generated by foreground processes
_verify_flashback_redo	○	○	Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are available
_verify_undo_quota	○	○	TRUE - verify consistency of undo quota statistics
_very_large_object_threshold	○	○	upper threshold level of object size for direct reads
_virtual_column_access_control	○	○	require VPD/RAS protection for virtual columns derived from protected columns
_virtual_column_overload_allowed	○	○	overload virtual columns expression
_vkrm_schedule_interval	○	○	VKRM scheduling interval
_vktm_assert_thresh	○	○	soft assert threshold VKTM timer drift
_wait_breakup_threshold_csecs	○	○	Wait breakup threshold (in centiseconds)
_wait_breakup_time_csecs	○	○	Wait breakup time (in centiseconds)
_wait_for_busy_session	○	○	Wait time before killing active sessions during switchover
_wait_for_sync	○	○	wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
_wait_outlier_detection_enable	○	○	Enable wait outlier detection module?
_wait_outlier_dump_flags	○	○	Wait Outlier Dump Flags
_wait_outlier_event_names	○	○	Wait events to watch for outliers
_wait_outlier_lambda_x1000	○	○	Lambda (in thousands) to compute outliers
_wait_outlier_min_waits	○	○	Minimum waits required to enable wait outliers detection
_wait_outlier_num_outliers	○	○	Max number of outliers tracked
_wait_samples_max_sections	○	○	Wait Samples maximum sections
_wait_samples_max_time_secs	○	○	Wait Samples maximum time in seconds
_wait_tracker_interval_secs	○	○	Wait Tracker number of seconds per interval
_wait_tracker_num_intervals	○	○	Wait Tracker number of intervals
_wait_yield_hp_mode	○	○	Wait Yield - High Priority Mode
_wait_yield_mode	○	○	Wait Yield - Mode
_wait_yield_sleep_freq	○	○	Wait Yield - Sleep Frequency
_wait_yield_sleep_time_msecs	○	○	Wait Yield - Sleep Time (in milliseconds)
_wait_yield_yield_freq	○	○	Wait Yield - Yield Frequency
_walk_insert_threshold	○	○	maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across freelist
_watchpoint_on	○	○	is the watchpointing feature turned on?
_wcr_control	○	○	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for testing!
_wcr_grv_cache_size	○	○	Oracle internal: Set the replay cache size for WRR$_REPLAY_DATA.
_wcr_seq_cache_size	○	○	Oracle internal: Set the replay cache size for WRR$_REPLAY_SEQ_DATA.
_wcr_test_action	○	○	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used for test actions
_widetab_comp_enabled	○	○	wide table compression enabled
_windowfunc_optimization_settings	○	○	settings for window function optimizations
_with_subquery	○	○	WITH subquery transformation
_worker_threads	○	○	Number of worker threads
_workload_attributes	○	○	session workload attributes
_workload_attributes_spare_param	○	n/a	connect string workload behavior spare param
_write_clones	○	○	write clones flag
_write_renamed_datafile_name	n/a	○	print renamed datafile names to alert log
_xa_internal_retries	○	○	number of internal retries for xa transactions
_xds_max_child_cursors	○	○	Maximum number of XDS user-specific child cursors
_xengem_devname	○	○	override default VM GEM device name used by skgvm
_xengem_diagmode	○	○	set to OFF to disable VM GEM support and functionalities
_xengem_enabled	○	○	Enable OVM GEM support
_xpl_peeked_binds_log_size	○	○	maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)
_xpl_trace	○	○	Explain Plan tracing parameter
_xs_cleanup_task	○	○	Triton Session Cleanup
_xs_dispatcher_only	○	○	XS dispatcher only mode
_xs_logon_grant	○	○	Create session privilege is required for RAS direct logon user to login to database
_xs_sidp_allow_sha1	n/a	○	XS SIDP allow use of SHA1
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_bound	○	○	OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_type	○	○	OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
_xsolapi_build_trace	○	○	OLAP API output build info to trace file	OLAP API output build info to trace file
_xsolapi_debug_output	○	○	OLAP API debug output disposition
_xsolapi_densify_cubes	○	○	OLAP API cube densification
_xsolapi_dimension_group_creation	○	○	OLAP API symmetric overfetch
_xsolapi_dml_trace	○	○	OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace file	OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace file
_xsolapi_fetch_type	○	○	OLAP API fetch type
_xsolapi_fix_vptrs	○	○	OLAP API Enable vptr fixing logic in shared server mode
_xsolapi_generate_with_clause	○	○	OLAP API generates WITH clause?
_xsolapi_hierarchy_value_type	○	○	OLAP API hierarchy value type
_xsolapi_load_at_process_start	○	○	When to load OLAP API library at server process start
_xsolapi_materialization_rowcache_min_rows_for_use	○	○	OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in query materialization
_xsolapi_materialize_sources	○	○	OLAP API Enable source materialization
_xsolapi_metadata_reader_mode	○	○	OLAP API metadata reader mode
_xsolapi_odbo_mode	○	○	OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
_xsolapi_opt_aw_position	○	○	OLAP API enables AW position and count optimization?
_xsolapi_optimize_suppression	○	○	OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
_xsolapi_precompute_subquery	○	○	OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
_xsolapi_remove_columns_for_materialization	○	○	OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
_xsolapi_set_nls	○	○	OLAP API sets NLS?
_xsolapi_share_executors	○	○	OLAP API share executors?
_xsolapi_source_trace	○	○	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
_xsolapi_sql_all_multi_join_non_base_hints	○	○	OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_all_non_base_hints	○	○	OLAP API non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_dimension_hints	○	○	OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_measure_hints	○	○	OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_dimension_hints	○	○	OLAP API dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_join	○	○	OLAP API enables AW join?
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_qdr_merge	○	○	OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
_xsolapi_sql_hints	○	○	OLAP API generic hints
_xsolapi_sql_measure_hints	○	○	OLAP API measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_minus_threshold	○	○	OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
_xsolapi_sql_optimize	○	○	OLAP API enable optimization
_xsolapi_sql_prepare_stmt_cache_size	○	○	OLAP API prepare statement cache size
_xsolapi_sql_remove_columns	○	○	OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
_xsolapi_sql_result_set_cache_size	○	○	OLAP API result set cache size
_xsolapi_sql_symmetric_predicate	○	○	OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension groups
_xsolapi_sql_top_dimension_hints	○	○	OLAP API top dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_top_measure_hints	○	○	OLAP API top measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_use_bind_variables	○	○	OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
_xsolapi_stringify_order_levels	○	○	OLAP API stringifies order levels?
_xsolapi_support_mtm	○	○	OLAP API MTM mapping classes supported?
_xsolapi_suppression_aw_mask_threshold	○	○	OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
_xsolapi_suppression_chunk_size	○	○	OLAP API suppression chunk size
_xsolapi_use_models	○	○	OLAP API uses models?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml	○	○	OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml_for_rank	○	○	OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
_xt_coverage	○	○	external tables code coverage parameter
_xt_def_compression_ratio	○	○	Default compression ratio for external table data files
_xt_enable_columnar_fetch	○	○	Enable external table columnar fetch
_xt_http_wscl	○	○	Use KGWSCL for HTTP requests
_xt_legacy_debug_flags	○	○	Debug flags for ORACLE_LOADER and ORACLE_DATAPUMP
_xt_preproc_timeout	○	○	external table preprocessor timeout
_xt_sampling_scan_granules	○	○	Granule Sampling for Block Sampling of External Tables
_xt_sampling_scan_granules_min_granules	○	○	Minimum number of granules to scan for granule sampling
_xt_trace	○	○	external tables trace parameter
_xtbigdata_max_buffersize	○	○	maximum size of IO Buffers for exadoop external tables (in KB)
_xtbuffer_size	○	○	buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
_xtts_allow_pre10	○	○	allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
_xtts_set_platform_info	○	○	set cross platform info during file header read
_zonemap_auto_candidate_table_min_size	n/a	○	Minimum size for a table to be candidate for an automatic zonemap
_zonemap_auto_clustering_ratio	n/a	○	Data clustering ratio in percent for automatic zonemap columns
_zonemap_control	○	○	control different uses/algorithms related to zonemaps
_zonemap_refresh_within_load	n/a	○	Control the refresh of basic zonemaps during/after data load
_zonemap_staleness_tracking	○	○	control the staleness tracking of zonemaps via trigger
_zonemap_usage_tracking	○	○	Control the capture of zonemap usage statistics
_zonemap_use_enabled	○	○	enable the use of zonemaps for IO pruning
active_instance_count	○	○	number of active instances in the cluster database
adg_account_info_tracking	○	○	ADG user account info tracked in standby(LOCAL) or in Primary(GLOBAL)
adg_redirect_dml	○	○	Enable DML Redirection from ADG
allow_deprecated_rpcs	n/a	○	allow deprecated rpcs
allow_global_dblinks	○	○	LDAP lookup for DBLINKS
allow_group_access_to_sga	○	○	Allow read access for SGA to users of Oracle owner group
allow_rowid_column_type	○	○	Allow creation of rowid column
approx_for_aggregation	○	○	Replace exact aggregation with approximate aggregation
approx_for_count_distinct	○	○	Replace count distinct with approx_count_distinct
approx_for_percentile	○	○	Replace percentile_* with approx_percentile
aq_tm_processes	○	○	number of AQ Time Managers to start
archive_lag_target	○	○	Maximum number of seconds of redos the standby could lose
asm_diskgroups	○	○	disk groups to mount automatically
asm_diskstring	○	○	disk set locations for discovery
asm_io_processes	○	○	number of I/O processes per domain in the ASM IOSERVER instance
asm_power_limit	○	○	number of parallel relocations for disk rebalancing
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups	○	○	preferred read failure groups
audit_file_dest	○	○	Directory in which auditing files are to reside
audit_sys_operations	○	○	enable sys auditing
audit_syslog_level	○	○	Syslog facility and level
audit_trail	○	○	enable system auditing
auto_start_pdb_services	n/a	○	Automatically start all PDB services on PDB Open
autotask_max_active_pdbs	○	○	Setting for Autotask Maximum Maintenance PDBs
awr_pdb_autoflush_enabled	○	○	Enable/Disable AWR automatic PDB flushing
awr_pdb_max_parallel_slaves	○	○	maximum concurrent AWR PDB MMON slaves per instance
awr_snapshot_time_offset	○	○	Setting for AWR Snapshot Time Offset
background_core_dump	○	○	Core Size for Background Processes
background_dump_dest	○	○	Detached process dump directory
backup_tape_io_slaves	○	○	BACKUP Tape I/O slaves
bitmap_merge_area_size	○	○	maximum memory allow for BITMAP MERGE
blank_trimming	○	○	blank trimming semantics parameter
blockchain_table_max_no_drop	n/a	○	maximum idle retention minutes for blockchain tables
buffer_pool_keep	○	○	Number of database blocks/latches in keep buffer pool
buffer_pool_recycle	○	○	Number of database blocks/latches in recycle buffer pool
cdb_cluster	○	○	if TRUE startup in CDB Cluster mode
cdb_cluster_name	○	○	CDB Cluster name
cell_offload_compaction	○	○	Cell packet compaction strategy
cell_offload_decryption	○	○	enable SQL processing offload of encrypted data to cells
cell_offload_parameters	○	○	Additional cell offload parameters
cell_offload_plan_display	○	○	Cell offload explain plan display
cell_offload_processing	○	○	enable SQL processing offload to cells
cell_offloadgroup_name	○	○	Set the offload group name
circuits	○	○	max number of circuits
client_result_cache_lag	○	○	client result cache maximum lag in milliseconds
client_result_cache_size	○	○	client result cache max size in bytes
client_statistics_level	○	○	Client Statistics Level
clonedb	○	○	clone database
clonedb_dir	○	○	CloneDB Directory
cluster_database	○	○	if TRUE startup in cluster database mode
cluster_database_instances	○	n/a	number of instances to use for sizing cluster db SGA structures
cluster_interconnects	○	○	interconnects for RAC use
commit_logging	○	○	transaction commit log write behaviour
commit_point_strength	○	○	Bias this node has toward not preparing in a two-phase commit
commit_wait	○	○	transaction commit log wait behaviour
commit_write	○	○	transaction commit log write behaviour
common_user_prefix	○	○	Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common User/Role/Profile name
compatible	○	○	Database will be completely compatible with this software version
connection_brokers	○	○	connection brokers specification
container_data	n/a	○	which containers should data be returned from?
containers_parallel_degree	○	○	Parallel degree for a CONTAINERS() query
control_file_record_keep_time	○	○	control file record keep time in days
control_files	○	○	control file names list
control_management_pack_access	○	○	declares which manageability packs are enabled
core_dump_dest	○	○	Core dump directory
cpu_count	○	○	maximum number of CPUs
cpu_min_count	○	○	minimum number of CPUs required
create_bitmap_area_size	○	○	size of create bitmap buffer for bitmap index
create_stored_outlines	○	○	create stored outlines for DML statements
cursor_bind_capture_destination	○	○	Allowed destination for captured bind variables
cursor_invalidation	○	○	default for DDL cursor invalidation semantics
cursor_sharing	○	○	cursor sharing mode
cursor_space_for_time	○	○	use more memory in order to get faster execution
data_guard_max_io_time	○	○	maximum I/O time before process considered hung
data_guard_max_longio_time	○	○	maximum long I/O time before process considered hung
data_guard_sync_latency	○	○	Data Guard SYNC latency
data_transfer_cache_size	○	○	Size of data transfer cache
db_16k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 16K buffers
db_2k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 2K buffers
db_32k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 32K buffers
db_4k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 4K buffers
db_8k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 8K buffers
db_big_table_cache_percent_target	○	○	Big table cache target size in percentage
db_block_buffers	○	○	Number of database blocks cached in memory
db_block_checking	○	○	header checking and data and index block checking
db_block_checksum	○	○	store checksum in db blocks and check during reads
db_block_size	○	○	Size of database block in bytes
db_cache_advice	○	○	Buffer cache sizing advisory
db_cache_size	○	○	Size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
db_create_file_dest	○	○	default database location
db_create_online_log_dest_1	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #1
db_create_online_log_dest_2	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #2
db_create_online_log_dest_3	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #3
db_create_online_log_dest_4	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #4
db_create_online_log_dest_5	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #5
db_domain	○	○	directory part of global database name stored with CREATE DATABASE
db_file_multiblock_read_count	○	○	db block to be read each IO
db_file_name_convert	○	○	datafile name convert patterns and strings for standby/clone db
db_files	○	○	max allowable # db files
db_flash_cache_file	○	○	flash cache file for default block size
db_flash_cache_size	○	○	flash cache size for db_flash_cache_file
db_flashback_retention_target	○	○	Maximum Flashback Database log retention time in minutes.
db_index_compression_inheritance	○	○	options for table or tablespace level compression inheritance
db_keep_cache_size	○	○	Size of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers
db_lost_write_protect	○	○	enable lost write detection
db_name	○	○	database name specified in CREATE DATABASE
db_performance_profile	○	○	Database performance category
db_recovery_file_dest	○	○	default database recovery file location
db_recovery_file_dest_size	○	○	database recovery files size limit
db_recycle_cache_size	○	○	Size of RECYCLE buffer pool for standard block size buffers
db_securefile	○	○	permit securefile storage during lob creation
db_ultra_safe	○	○	Sets defaults for other parameters that control protection levels
db_unique_name	○	○	Database Unique Name
db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking	○	○	Track nologging SCN in controlfile
db_writer_processes	○	○	number of background database writer processes to start
dbnest_enable	n/a	○	database Nest enable
dbnest_pdb_fs_conf	n/a	○	PDB Filesystem configuration
dbwr_io_slaves	○	○	DBWR I/O slaves
ddl_lock_timeout	○	○	timeout to restrict the time that ddls wait for dml lock
default_sharing	○	○	Default sharing clause
deferred_segment_creation	○	○	defer segment creation to first insert
dg_broker_config_file1	○	○	data guard broker configuration file #1
dg_broker_config_file2	○	○	data guard broker configuration file #2
dg_broker_start	○	○	start Data Guard broker (DMON process)
diagnostic_dest	○	○	diagnostic base directory
diagnostics_control	n/a	○	controls response when 'enabling diagnostics' privilege is absent
disable_pdb_feature	○	○	Disable features
disk_asynch_io	○	○	Use asynch I/O for random access devices
dispatchers	○	○	specifications of dispatchers
distributed_lock_timeout	○	○	number of seconds a distributed transaction waits for a lock
dml_locks	○	○	dml locks - one for each table modified in a transaction
dnfs_batch_size	○	○	Max number of dNFS asynch I/O requests queued per session
drcp_connection_limit	n/a	○	DRCP connection limit
drcp_dedicated_opt	n/a	○	Turn on/off dedicated optimization for DRCP
dst_upgrade_insert_conv	○	○	Enables/Disables internal conversions during DST upgrade
enable_automatic_maintenance_pdb	○	○	Enable/Disable Automated Maintenance for Non-Root PDB
enable_ddl_logging	○	○	enable ddl logging
enable_dnfs_dispatcher	○	○	Enable DNFS Dispatcher
enable_goldengate_replication	○	○	goldengate replication enabled
enable_imc_with_mira	○	○	enable IMC with multi instance redo apply
enable_per_pdb_drcp	n/a	○	Turn on/off per PDB DRCP
enable_pluggable_database	○	○	Enable Pluggable Database
enabled_PDBs_on_standby	○	○	List of Enabled PDB patterns
encrypt_new_tablespaces	○	○	whether to encrypt newly created tablespaces
event	○	○	debug event control - default null string
external_keystore_credential_location	○	○	external keystore credential location
fal_client	○	○	FAL client
fal_server	○	○	FAL server list
fast_start_io_target	○	○	Upper bound on recovery reads
fast_start_mttr_target	○	○	MTTR target in seconds
fast_start_parallel_rollback	○	○	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
file_mapping	○	○	enable file mapping
fileio_network_adapters	○	○	Network Adapters for File I/O
filesystemio_options	○	○	IO operations on filesystem files
fixed_date	○	○	fixed SYSDATE value
forward_listener	○	○	forward listener
gcs_server_processes	○	○	number of background gcs server processes to start
global_names	○	○	enforce that database links have same name as remote database
global_txn_processes	○	○	number of background global transaction processes to start
hash_area_size	○	○	size of in-memory hash work area
heartbeat_batch_size	n/a	○	Number of heartbeats to be sent in a batch
heat_map	○	○	ILM Heatmap Tracking
hi_shared_memory_address	○	○	SGA starting address (high order 32-bits on 64-bit platforms)
hs_autoregister	○	○	enable automatic server DD updates in HS agent self-registration
http_proxy	○	○	http_proxy
hybrid_read_only	n/a	○	Hybrid read only mode allows CDB common user to patch the PDB
ifile	○	○	include file in init.ora
ignore_session_set_param_errors	n/a	○	Ignore errors during alter session param set
inmemory_adg_enabled	○	○	Enable IMC support on ADG
inmemory_automatic_level	○	○	Enable Automatic In-Memory management
inmemory_clause_default	○	○	Default in-memory clause for new tables
inmemory_deep_vectorization	n/a	○	In-Memory Deep Vectorization Enabled
inmemory_expressions_usage	○	○	Controls which In-Memory Expressions are populated in-memory
inmemory_force	○	○	Force tables to be in-memory or not
inmemory_max_populate_servers	○	○	maximum inmemory populate servers
inmemory_optimized_arithmetic	○	○	Controls whether or not DSBs are stored in-memory
inmemory_prefer_xmem_memcompress	○	○	Prefer to store tables with given memcompress levels in xmem
inmemory_prefer_xmem_priority	○	○	Prefer to store tables with given priority levels in xmem
inmemory_query	○	○	Specifies whether in-memory queries are allowed
inmemory_size	○	○	size in bytes of in-memory area
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_percent	○	○	inmemory trickle repopulate servers percent
inmemory_virtual_columns	○	○	Controls which user-defined virtual columns are stored in-memory
inmemory_xmem_size	○	○	size in bytes of in-memory xmem area
instance_abort_delay_time	○	○	time to delay an internal initiated abort (in seconds)
instance_groups	○	○	list of instance group names
instance_mode	○	○	indicates whether the instance read-only or read-write or read-mostly
instance_name	○	○	instance name supported by the instance
instance_number	○	○	instance number
instance_type	○	○	type of instance to be executed
instant_restore	○	○	instant repopulation of datafiles
java_jit_enabled	○	○	Java VM JIT enabled
java_max_sessionspace_size	○	○	max allowed size in bytes of a Java sessionspace
java_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of java pool
java_restrict	○	○	Restrict Java VM Access
java_soft_sessionspace_limit	○	○	warning limit on size in bytes of a Java sessionspace
job_queue_processes	○	○	maximum number of job queue slave processes
kafka_config_file	n/a	○	KSR pub/sub external message bus(KSRPS) CONFIGuration file
large_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of large pool
ldap_directory_access	○	○	RDBMS's LDAP access option
ldap_directory_sysauth	○	○	OID usage parameter
license_max_sessions	○	○	maximum number of non-system user sessions allowed
license_max_users	○	○	maximum number of named users that can be created in the database
license_sessions_warning	○	○	warning level for number of non-system user sessions
listener_networks	○	○	listener registration networks
lob_signature_enable	○	○	enable lob signature
local_listener	○	○	local listener
lock_name_space	○	○	lock name space used for generating lock names for standby/clone database
lock_sga	○	○	Lock entire SGA in physical memory
log_archive_config	○	○	log archive config
log_archive_dest	○	○	archival destination text string
log_archive_dest_1	○	○	archival destination #1 text string
log_archive_dest_10	○	○	archival destination #10 text string
log_archive_dest_11	○	○	archival destination #11 text string
log_archive_dest_12	○	○	archival destination #12 text string
log_archive_dest_13	○	○	archival destination #13 text string
log_archive_dest_14	○	○	archival destination #14 text string
log_archive_dest_15	○	○	archival destination #15 text string
log_archive_dest_16	○	○	archival destination #16 text string
log_archive_dest_17	○	○	archival destination #17 text string
log_archive_dest_18	○	○	archival destination #18 text string
log_archive_dest_19	○	○	archival destination #19 text string
log_archive_dest_2	○	○	archival destination #2 text string
log_archive_dest_20	○	○	archival destination #20 text string
log_archive_dest_21	○	○	archival destination #21 text string
log_archive_dest_22	○	○	archival destination #22 text string
log_archive_dest_23	○	○	archival destination #23 text string
log_archive_dest_24	○	○	archival destination #24 text string
log_archive_dest_25	○	○	archival destination #25 text string
log_archive_dest_26	○	○	archival destination #26 text string
log_archive_dest_27	○	○	archival destination #27 text string
log_archive_dest_28	○	○	archival destination #28 text string
log_archive_dest_29	○	○	archival destination #29 text string
log_archive_dest_3	○	○	archival destination #3 text string
log_archive_dest_30	○	○	archival destination #30 text string
log_archive_dest_31	○	○	archival destination #31 text string
log_archive_dest_4	○	○	archival destination #4 text string
log_archive_dest_5	○	○	archival destination #5 text string
log_archive_dest_6	○	○	archival destination #6 text string
log_archive_dest_7	○	○	archival destination #7 text string
log_archive_dest_8	○	○	archival destination #8 text string
log_archive_dest_9	○	○	archival destination #9 text string
log_archive_dest_state_1	○	○	archival destination #1 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_10	○	○	archival destination #10 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_11	○	○	archival destination #11 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_12	○	○	archival destination #12 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_13	○	○	archival destination #13 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_14	○	○	archival destination #14 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_15	○	○	archival destination #15 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_16	○	○	archival destination #16 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_17	○	○	archival destination #17 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_18	○	○	archival destination #18 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_19	○	○	archival destination #19 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_2	○	○	archival destination #2 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_20	○	○	archival destination #20 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_21	○	○	archival destination #21 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_22	○	○	archival destination #22 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_23	○	○	archival destination #23 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_24	○	○	archival destination #24 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_25	○	○	archival destination #25 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_26	○	○	archival destination #26 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_27	○	○	archival destination #27 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_28	○	○	archival destination #28 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_29	○	○	archival destination #29 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_3	○	○	archival destination #3 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_30	○	○	archival destination #30 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_31	○	○	archival destination #31 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_4	○	○	archival destination #4 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_5	○	○	archival destination #5 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_6	○	○	archival destination #6 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_7	○	○	archival destination #7 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_8	○	○	archival destination #8 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_9	○	○	archival destination #9 state text string
log_archive_duplex_dest	○	○	duplex archival destination text string
log_archive_format	○	○	archival destination format
log_archive_max_processes	○	○	maximum number of active ARCH processes
log_archive_min_succeed_dest	○	○	minimum number of archive destinations that must succeed
log_archive_start	○	○	start archival process on SGA initialization
log_archive_trace	○	○	Establish archive operation tracing level
log_buffer	○	○	redo circular buffer size
log_checkpoint_interval	○	○	# redo blocks checkpoint threshold
log_checkpoint_timeout	○	○	Maximum time interval between checkpoints in seconds
log_checkpoints_to_alert	○	○	log checkpoint begin/end to alert file
log_file_name_convert	○	○	logfile name convert patterns and strings for standby/clone db
long_module_action	○	○	Use longer module and action
mandatory_user_profile	n/a	○	Enforce Mandatory Password Profile for multitenant database
max_auth_servers	n/a	○	Maximum size of auth pool
max_datapump_jobs_per_pdb	○	○	maximum number of concurrent Data Pump Jobs per PDB
max_datapump_parallel_per_job	○	○	maximum number of parallel processes per Data Pump Job
max_dispatchers	○	○	max number of dispatchers
max_dump_file_size	○	○	Maximum size (in bytes) of dump file
max_idle_blocker_time	○	○	maximum idle time for a blocking session in minutes
max_idle_time	○	○	maximum session idle time in minutes
max_iops	○	○	MAX IO per second
max_mbps	○	○	MAX MB per second
max_pdbs	○	○	max number of pdbs allowed in CDB or Application ROOT
max_shared_servers	○	○	max number of shared servers
max_string_size	○	○	controls maximum size of VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW types in SQL
memoptimize_pool_size	○	○	Size of cache for imoltp buffers
memory_max_target	○	○	Max size for Memory Target
memory_target	○	○	Target size of Oracle SGA and PGA memory
min_auth_servers	n/a	○	Minimum size of auth pool
multishard_query_data_consistency	○	○	consistency setting for multishard queries
multishard_query_partial_results	○	○	enable partial results for multishard queries
native_blockchain_features	n/a	○	Native block chain enable/disable
nls_calendar	○	○	NLS calendar system name
nls_comp	○	○	NLS comparison
nls_currency	○	○	NLS local currency symbol
nls_date_format	○	○	NLS Oracle date format
nls_date_language	○	○	NLS date language name
nls_dual_currency	○	○	Dual currency symbol
nls_iso_currency	○	○	NLS ISO currency territory name
nls_language	○	○	NLS language name
nls_length_semantics	○	○	create columns using byte or char semantics by default
nls_nchar_conv_excp	○	○	NLS raise an exception instead of allowing implicit conversion
nls_numeric_characters	○	○	NLS numeric characters
nls_sort	○	○	NLS linguistic definition name
nls_territory	○	○	NLS territory name
nls_time_format	○	○	time format
nls_time_tz_format	○	○	time with timezone format
nls_timestamp_format	○	○	time stamp format
nls_timestamp_tz_format	○	○	timestamp with timezone format
noncdb_compatible	○	○	Non-CDB Compatible
object_cache_max_size_percent	○	○	percentage of maximum size over optimal of the user session's object cache
object_cache_optimal_size	○	○	optimal size of the user session's object cache in bytes
ofs_threads	○	○	Number of OFS threads
olap_page_pool_size	○	○	size of the olap page pool in bytes
one_step_plugin_for_pdb_with_tde	○	○	Facilitate one-step plugin for PDB with TDE encrypted data
open_cursors	○	○	max # cursors per session
open_links	○	○	max # open links per session
open_links_per_instance	○	○	max # open links per instance
optimizer_adaptive_plans	○	○	controls all types of adaptive plans
optimizer_adaptive_reporting_only	○	○	use reporting-only mode for adaptive optimizations
optimizer_adaptive_statistics	○	○	controls all types of adaptive statistics
optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines	○	○	automatic capture of SQL plan baselines for repeatable statements
optimizer_capture_sql_quarantine	n/a	○	enable automatic creation/update of sql quarantine configuration
optimizer_cross_shard_resiliency	n/a	○	enables resilient execution of cross shard queries
optimizer_dynamic_sampling	○	○	optimizer dynamic sampling
optimizer_features_enable	○	○	optimizer plan compatibility parameter
optimizer_ignore_hints	○	○	enables the embedded hints to be ignored
optimizer_ignore_parallel_hints	○	○	enables embedded parallel hints to be ignored
optimizer_index_caching	○	○	optimizer percent index caching
optimizer_index_cost_adj	○	○	optimizer index cost adjustment
optimizer_inmemory_aware	○	○	optimizer in-memory columnar awareness
optimizer_mode	○	○	optimizer mode
optimizer_real_time_statistics	n/a	○	optimizer real time statistics on conventional DML
optimizer_secure_view_merging	○	○	optimizer secure view merging and predicate pushdown/movearound
optimizer_session_type	n/a	○	Controls Auto Index
optimizer_use_invisible_indexes	○	○	Usage of invisible indexes (TRUE/FALSE)
optimizer_use_pending_statistics	○	○	Control whether to use optimizer pending statistics
optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines	○	○	use of SQL plan baselines for captured sql statements
optimizer_use_sql_quarantine	n/a	○	enable use of sql quarantine
os_authent_prefix	○	○	prefix for auto-logon accounts
os_roles	○	○	retrieve roles from the operating system
outbound_dblink_protocols	○	○	Outbound DBLINK Protocols allowed
parallel_adaptive_multi_user	○	○	enable adaptive setting of degree for multiple user streams
parallel_degree_limit	○	○	limit placed on degree of parallelism
parallel_degree_policy	○	○	policy used to compute the degree of parallelism (MANUAL/LIMITED/AUTO/ADAPTIVE)
parallel_execution_message_size	○	○	message buffer size for parallel execution
parallel_force_local	○	○	force single instance execution
parallel_instance_group	○	○	instance group to use for all parallel operations
parallel_max_servers	○	○	maximum parallel query servers per instance
parallel_min_degree	○	○	controls the minimum DOP computed by Auto DOP
parallel_min_percent	○	○	minimum percent of threads required for parallel query
parallel_min_servers	○	○	minimum parallel query servers per instance
parallel_min_time_threshold	○	○	threshold above which a plan is a candidate for parallelization (in seconds)
parallel_servers_target	○	○	instance target in terms of number of parallel servers
parallel_threads_per_cpu	○	○	number of parallel execution threads per CPU
pdb_file_name_convert	○	○	PDB file name convert patterns and strings for create cdb/pdb
pdb_lockdown	○	○	pluggable database lockdown profile
pdb_os_credential	○	○	pluggable database OS credential to bind
pdb_template	○	○	PDB template
permit_92_wrap_format	○	○	allow 9.2 or older wrap format in PL/SQL
pga_aggregate_limit	○	○	limit of aggregate PGA memory for the instance or PDB
pga_aggregate_target	○	○	Target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed by the instance
pkcs11_library_location	n/a	○	PKCS#11 library location for Transparent Data Encryption
plscope_settings	○	○	plscope_settings controls the compile time collection, cross reference, and storage of PL/SQL source code identifier and SQL statement data
plsql_ccflags	○	○	PL/SQL ccflags
plsql_code_type	○	○	PL/SQL code-type
plsql_debug	○	○	PL/SQL debug
plsql_optimize_level	○	○	PL/SQL optimize level
plsql_v2_compatibility	○	○	PL/SQL version 2.x compatibility flag
plsql_warnings	○	○	PL/SQL compiler warnings settings
pmem_filestore	n/a	○	Persistent Memory Filestore list
pre_page_sga	○	○	pre-page sga for process
private_temp_table_prefix	○	○	Private temporary table prefix
processes	○	○	user processes
processor_group_name	○	○	Name of the processor group that this instance should run in.
query_rewrite_enabled	○	○	allow rewrite of queries using materialized views if enabled
query_rewrite_integrity	○	○	perform rewrite using materialized views with desired integrity
rdbms_server_dn	○	○	RDBMS's Distinguished Name
read_only	n/a	○	Restrict WRITE operations in user session
read_only_open_delayed	○	○	if TRUE delay opening of read only files until first access
recovery_parallelism	○	○	number of server processes to use for parallel recovery
recyclebin	○	○	recyclebin processing
redo_transport_user	○	○	Data Guard transport user when using password file
remote_dependencies_mode	○	○	remote-procedure-call dependencies mode parameter
remote_listener	○	○	remote listener
remote_login_passwordfile	○	○	password file usage parameter
remote_os_authent	○	n/a	allow non-secure remote clients to use auto-logon accounts
remote_os_roles	○	○	allow non-secure remote clients to use os roles
remote_recovery_file_dest	○	○	default remote database recovery file location for refresh/relocate
replication_dependency_tracking	○	○	tracking dependency for Replication parallel propagation
resource_limit	○	○	master switch for resource limit
resource_manage_goldengate	○	○	goldengate resource manager enabled
resource_manager_cpu_allocation	○	○	Resource Manager CPU allocation
resource_manager_cpu_scope	n/a	○	scope of CPU resource management
resource_manager_plan	○	○	resource mgr top plan
result_cache_execution_threshold	n/a	○	minimum executions before a PL/SQL function is cached
result_cache_max_result	○	○	maximum result size as percent of cache size
result_cache_max_size	○	○	maximum amount of memory to be used by the cache
result_cache_max_temp_result	n/a	○	maximum temp per result as percent of total temp for result cache
result_cache_max_temp_size	n/a	○	maximum amount of temp space to be used
result_cache_mode	○	○	result cache operator usage mode
result_cache_remote_expiration	○	○	maximum life time (min) for any result using a remote object
resumable_timeout	○	○	set resumable_timeout
rollback_segments	○	○	undo segment list
scheduler_follow_pdbtz	○	○	Make scheduler objects follow PDB TZ
sec_case_sensitive_logon	○	n/a	case sensitive password enabled for logon
sec_max_failed_login_attempts	○	○	maximum number of failed login attempts on a connection
sec_protocol_error_further_action	○	○	TTC protocol error continue action
sec_protocol_error_trace_action	○	○	TTC protocol error action
sec_return_server_release_banner	○	○	whether the server retruns the complete version information
serial_reuse	○	○	reuse the frame segments
service_names	○	○	service names supported by the instance
session_cached_cursors	○	○	Number of cursors to cache in a session.
session_max_open_files	○	○	maximum number of open files allowed per session
sessions	○	○	user and system sessions
sga_max_size	○	○	max total SGA size
sga_min_size	○	○	Minimum, guaranteed size of PDB's SGA
sga_target	○	○	Target size of SGA
shadow_core_dump	○	○	Core Size for Shadow Processes
shard_queries_restricted_by_key	n/a	○	add shard key predicates to the query
shared_memory_address	○	○	SGA starting address (low order 32-bits on 64-bit platforms)
shared_pool_reserved_size	○	○	size in bytes of reserved area of shared pool
shared_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of shared pool
shared_server_sessions	○	○	max number of shared server sessions
shared_servers	○	○	number of shared servers to start up
shrd_dupl_table_refresh_rate	○	○	duplicated table refresh rate (in seconds)
skip_unusable_indexes	○	○	skip unusable indexes if set to TRUE
smtp_out_server	○	○	utl_smtp server and port configuration parameter
sort_area_retained_size	○	○	size of in-memory sort work area retained between fetch calls
sort_area_size	○	○	size of in-memory sort work area
spatial_vector_acceleration	○	○	enable spatial vector acceleration
spfile	○	○	server parameter file
sql92_security	○	○	require select privilege for searched update/delete
sql_trace	○	○	enable SQL trace
sqltune_category	○	○	Category qualifier for applying hintsets
ssl_wallet	○	○	ssl_wallet
standby_db_preserve_states	○	○	Preserve state cross standby role transition
standby_file_management	○	○	if auto then files are created/dropped automatically on standby
standby_pdb_source_file_dblink	○	○	database link to standby source files
standby_pdb_source_file_directory	○	○	standby source file directory location
star_transformation_enabled	○	○	enable the use of star transformation
statistics_level	○	○	statistics level
streams_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of the streams pool
tablespace_encryption_default_algorithm	n/a	○	default tablespace encryption block cipher mode
tape_asynch_io	○	○	Use asynch I/O requests for tape devices
target_pdbs	○	○	Parameter is a hint to adjust certain attributes of the CDB
tde_configuration	○	○	Per-PDB configuration for Transparent Data Encryption
tde_key_cache	n/a	○	Enable caching of TDE intermediate key
temp_undo_enabled	○	○	is temporary undo enabled
thread	○	○	Redo thread to mount
threaded_execution	○	○	Threaded Execution Mode
timed_os_statistics	○	○	internal os statistic gathering interval in seconds
timed_statistics	○	○	maintain internal timing statistics
timezone_version_upgrade_online	n/a	○	enable/disable time zone version upgrade online
trace_enabled	○	○	enable in memory tracing
tracefile_identifier	○	○	trace file custom identifier
transactions	○	○	max. number of concurrent active transactions
transactions_per_rollback_segment	○	○	number of active transactions per rollback segment
undo_management	○	○	instance runs in SMU mode if TRUE, else in RBU mode
undo_retention	○	○	undo retention in seconds
undo_tablespace	○	○	use/switch undo tablespace
unified_audit_common_systemlog	○	○	Syslog facility and level for only common unified audit records
unified_audit_sga_queue_size	○	n/a	Size of Unified audit SGA Queue
unified_audit_systemlog	○	○	Syslog facility and level for Unified Audit
uniform_log_timestamp_format	○	○	use uniform timestamp formats vs pre-12.2 formats
use_dedicated_broker	○	○	Use dedicated connection broker
use_large_pages	○	○	Use large pages if available (TRUE/FALSE/ONLY)
user_dump_dest	○	○	User process dump directory
wallet_root	○	○	wallet root instance initialization parameter
workarea_size_policy	○	○	policy used to size SQL working areas (MANUAL/AUTO)
xml_db_events	○	○	are XML DB events enabled