ksppinm	11g R1 11.1.0.6.0	12c R1 12.1.0.1.0	kspdesc	New description
O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY	○	○	Version 7 Dictionary Accessibility Support
_4030_dump_bitvec	n/a	○	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
_4031_dump_bitvec	○	○	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
_4031_dump_interval	○	○	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
_4031_max_dumps	○	○	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
_4031_sga_dump_interval	○	○	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
_4031_sga_max_dumps	○	○	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
_ILM_FILTER_TIME	n/a	○	Upper filter time for ILM block compression
_ILM_FILTER_TIME_LOWER	n/a	○	Lower filter time for ILM block compression
_ILM_POLICY_NAME	n/a	○	User specified ILM policy name
_NUMA_instance_mapping	○	○	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
_NUMA_pool_size	○	○	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
_PX_use_large_pool	○	○	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
_UTL_FILE_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS	○	n/a	UTL_FILE backout event which allows UTL_FILE to open symlinks
__data_transfer_cache_size	n/a	○	Actual size of data transfer cache
__db_cache_size	○	○	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__dg_broker_service_names	○	○	service names for broker use
__java_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of java pool
__large_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of large pool
__oracle_base	○	○	ORACLE_BASE
__pga_aggregate_target	○	○	Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed
__sga_target	○	○	Actual size of SGA
__shared_io_pool_size	○	○	Actual size of shared IO pool
__shared_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of shared pool
__streams_pool_size	○	○	Actual size in bytes of streams pool
_abort_on_mrp_crash	n/a	○	abort database instance when MRP crashes
_abort_recovery_on_join	○	○	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
_ac_enable_dscn_in_rac	n/a	○	Enable Dependent Commit SCN tracking
_accept_versions	○	○	List of parameters for rolling operation
_active_instance_count	n/a	○	number of active instances in the cluster database
_active_session_idle_limit	n/a	○	active session idle limit
_active_session_legacy_behavior	n/a	○	active session legacy behavior
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	○	○	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
_adaptive_direct_read	○	○	Adaptive Direct Read
_adaptive_direct_write	n/a	○	Adaptive Direct Write
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	○	○	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
_adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold	n/a	○	Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per minute)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness	n/a	○	Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0, aggressive=100)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window	n/a	○	Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling delay
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold	n/a	○	Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a percentage
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold	n/a	○	Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_disable_worker_threshold	n/a	○	Percentage of overlap across multiple outstanding writes
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_threshold	n/a	○	Increase in redo generation rate as a percentage
_adaptive_window_consolidator_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable adaptive window consolidator PX plan
_add_col_optim_enabled	○	○	Allows new add column optimization
_add_nullable_column_with_default_optim	n/a	○	Allows add of a nullable column with default optimization
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	○	○	add stale mv to dependency list
_add_trim_for_nlssort	n/a	○	add trimming for fixed char semantics
_addm_auto_enable	○	○	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
_addm_skiprules	○	○	comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	○	○	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
_adg_buffer_wait_timeout	n/a	○	Active Dataguard buffer wait time in cs
_adg_instance_recovery	n/a	○	enable ADG instance recovery
_adjust_literal_replacement	○	○	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
_adr_migrate_runonce	○	○	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
_advanced_index_compression_options	n/a	○	advanced index compression options
_advanced_index_compression_options_value	n/a	○	advanced index compression options2
_advanced_index_compression_trace	n/a	○	advanced index compression trace
_affinity_on	○	○	enable/disable affinity at run time
_aged_out_cursor_cache_time	n/a	○	number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor stay in cache
_aggregation_optimization_settings	n/a	○	settings for aggregation optimizations
_aiowait_timeouts	○	○	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
_alert_expiration	○	○	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
_alert_message_cleanup	○	○	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
_alert_message_purge	○	○	Enable Alert Message Purge
_alert_post_background	○	○	Enable Background Alert Posting
_all_shared_dblinks	○	○	treat all dblinks as shared
_allocate_creation_order	○	○	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
_allocation_update_interval	○	○	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	○	○	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
_allow_commutativity	○	○	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
_allow_compatibility_adv_w_grp	n/a	○	allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed restore points
_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	○	○	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point
_allow_drop_ts_with_grp	n/a	○	Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points
_allow_error_simulation	○	○	Allow error simulation for testing
_allow_file_1_offline_error_1245	n/a	○	don't signal ORA-1245 due to file 1 being offline
_allow_level_without_connect_by	○	○	allow level without connect by
_allow_read_only_corruption	○	○	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	○	○	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	○	○	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
_alter_common_user_schema	n/a	○	allow local user to create objects in common schema
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	○	○	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
_always_anti_join	○	○	always use this method for anti-join when possible
_always_semi_join	○	○	always use this method for semi-join when possible
_always_star_transformation	○	○	always favor use of star transformation
_am_container_filesystem_ausize	n/a	○	allocation unit size for non-ASM containers
_am_max_containers	n/a	○	maximum number of containers
_am_max_groups	n/a	○	maximum number of containers
_am_max_seg_bytes	n/a	○	maximum number of bytes per array segment
_am_timeouts_enabled	n/a	○	enable timeouts
_am_trace_buffer_size	n/a	○	size of per-process I/O trace buffer
_and_pruning_enabled	n/a	○	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
_app_ctx_vers	○	n/a	enable app ctx versioning
_appqos_cdb_setting	n/a	○	QoSM CDB Performance Class Setting
_appqos_po_multiplier	n/a	○	Multiplier for PC performance objective value
_appqos_qt	n/a	○	System Queue time retrieval interval
_aq_disable_x	n/a	○	AQ - Disable new cross processes at an instance
_aq_dq_sessions	n/a	○	Deq session count
_aq_eq_sessions	n/a	○	Enq session count
_aq_init_shards	n/a	○	Minimum enqueue shards per queue at an instance
_aq_max_scan_delay	n/a	○	Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs
_aq_precrt_partitions	n/a	○	Precreate Partitions
_aq_pt_processes	n/a	○	Partition background processes
_aq_stop_backgrounds	n/a	○	Stop all AQ background processes
_aq_subshard_Size	n/a	○	Sub Shard Size
_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	n/a	○	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS
_aq_tm_scanlimit	○	○	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
_aq_tm_statistics_duration	n/a	○	statistics collection window duration
_aqsharded_cache_limit	n/a	○	Limit for cached enqueue/dequeue operations
_arch_comp_dbg_scan	n/a	○	archive compression scan debug
_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	n/a	○	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping
_arch_compress_checksums	n/a	○	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks
_arch_compression	n/a	○	archive compression enabled
_arch_corrupted_redo_log	○	n/a	Variable to simulate corruption errors during archivals
_arch_io_slaves	○	○	ARCH I/O slaves
_arch_sim_mode	n/a	○	Change behavior of local archiving
_array_cdb_view_enabled	n/a	○	array mode enabled for CDB views
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	○	○	Enable array update vector read
_ash_compression_enable	n/a	○	To enable or disable string compression in ASH
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	○	○	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
_ash_disk_write_enable	○	○	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
_ash_dummy_test_param	○	○	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
_ash_eflush_trigger	○	○	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
_ash_enable	○	○	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
_ash_min_mmnl_dump	○	○	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
_ash_sample_all	○	○	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
_ash_sampling_interval	○	○	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
_ash_size	○	○	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
_asm_access	n/a	○	ASM File access mechanism
_asm_acd_chunks	○	○	initial ACD chunks created
_asm_admin_with_sysdba	○	○	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?
_asm_allow_appliance_dropdisk_noforce	n/a	○	Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	n/a	○	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	○	○	Discovery only raw devices
_asm_allow_resilver_corruption	○	n/a	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_allow_system_alias_rename	n/a	○	if system alias renaming is allowed
_asm_allow_unsafe_reconnect	n/a	○	attempt unsafe reconnect to ASM
_asm_allowdegeneratemounts	n/a	○	Allow force-mounts of DGs w/o proper quorum
_asm_appliance_config_file	n/a	○	Appliance configuration file name
_asm_ausize	○	○	allocation unit size
_asm_automatic_rezone	n/a	○	automatically rebalance free space across zones
_asm_avoid_pst_scans	n/a	○	Avoid PST Scans
_asm_blksize	○	○	metadata block size
_asm_check_for_misbehaving_cf_clients	n/a	○	check for misbehaving CF-holding clients
_asm_compatibility	○	○	default ASM compatibility level
_asm_dba_batch	n/a	○	ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size
_asm_dba_spcchk_thld	n/a	○	ASM Disk Based Allocation Space Check Threshold
_asm_dba_threshold	n/a	○	ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold
_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	○	○	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
_asm_diag_dead_clients	n/a	○	diagnostics for dead clients
_asm_direct_con_expire_time	n/a	○	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
_asm_disable_amdu_dump	n/a	○	Disable AMDU dump
_asm_disable_async_msgs	n/a	○	disable async intra-instance messaging
_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	n/a	○	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node
_asm_disable_profilediscovery	n/a	○	disable profile query for discovery
_asm_disable_smr_creation	n/a	○	Do Not create smr
_asm_disable_ufg_dump	n/a	○	disable terminated umbilicus diagnostic
_asm_disable_ufgmemberkill	n/a	○	disable ufg member kill
_asm_disk_repair_time	○	○	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
_asm_diskerr_traces	n/a	○	Number of read/write errors per disk a process can trace
_asm_diskgroups2	n/a	○	disk groups to mount automatically set 2
_asm_diskgroups3	n/a	○	disk groups to mount automatically set 3
_asm_diskgroups4	n/a	○	disk groups to mount automatically set 4
_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	n/a	○	Emulate NFS disk test event
_asm_emulmax	○	○	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I/O errors	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I /O errors
_asm_emultimeout	○	○	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
_asm_enable_xrov	n/a	○	Enable XROV capability
_asm_evenread	n/a	○	ASM Even Read level
_asm_evenread_alpha	n/a	○	ASM Even Read Alpha
_asm_evenread_alpha2	n/a	○	ASM Even Read Second Alpha
_asm_evenread_faststart	n/a	○	ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold
_asm_fail_random_rx	n/a	○	Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets
_asm_fob_tac_frequency	○	○	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
_asm_force_quiesce	n/a	○	Force diskgroup quiescing
_asm_global_dump_level	n/a	○	System state dump level for ASM asserts
_asm_hbeatiowait	n/a	○	number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return
_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	n/a	○	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check
_asm_healthcheck_timeout	n/a	○	seconds until health check takes action
_asm_imbalance_tolerance	○	○	percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate
_asm_instlock_quota	n/a	○	ASM Instance Lock Quota
_asm_iostat_latch_count	n/a	○	ASM I/O statistics latch count
_asm_kfdpevent	○	○	KFDP event
_asm_kfioevent	○	n/a	KFIO event
_asm_kill_unresponsive_clients	n/a	○	kill unresponsive ASM clients
_asm_libraries	○	○	library search order for discovery
_asm_log_scale_rebalance	n/a	○	Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale
_asm_lsod_bucket_size	n/a	○	ASM lsod bucket size
_asm_max_cod_strides	n/a	○	maximum number of COD strides
_asm_max_redo_buffer_size	n/a	○	asm maximum redo buffer size
_asm_maxio	○	○	Maximum size of individual I/O request
_asm_network_timeout	n/a	○	Keepalive timeout for ASM network connections
_asm_networks	n/a	○	ASM network subnet addresses
_asm_nodekill_escalate_time	n/a	○	secs until escalating to nodekill if fence incomplete
_asm_noevenread_diskgroups	n/a	○	List of disk groups having even read disabled
_asm_partner_target_disk_part	○	○	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	○	○	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering
_asm_primary_load	n/a	○	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
_asm_primary_load_cycles	n/a	○	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_procs_trace_diskerr	n/a	○	Number of processes allowed to trace a disk failure
_asm_proxy_startwait	n/a	○	Maximum time to wait for ASM proxy connection
_asm_random_zone	n/a	○	Random zones for new files
_asm_rebalance_plan_size	n/a	○	maximum rebalance work unit
_asm_rebalance_space_errors	n/a	○	number of out of space errors allowed before aborting rebalance
_asm_remote_client_timeout	n/a	○	timeout before killing disconnected remote clients
_asm_repairquantum	○	○	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop
_asm_reserve_slaves	n/a	○	reserve ASM slaves for CF txns
_asm_resyncCkpt	n/a	○	number of extents to resync before flushing checkpoint
_asm_root_directory	n/a	○	ASM default root directory
_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	○	○	runtime capability for volume support returns supported
_asm_scrub_limit	n/a	○	ASM disk scrubbing power
_asm_secondary_load	n/a	○	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
_asm_secondary_load_cycles	n/a	○	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	n/a	○	Serialize volume rebalance
_asm_shadow_cycle	○	○	Inverse shadow cycle requirement
_asm_skip_diskval_check	n/a	○	skip client side discovery for disk revalidate
_asm_skip_rename_check	○	○	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename
_asm_skip_resize_check	○	○	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
_asm_storagemaysplit	n/a	○	PST Split Possible
_asm_stripesize	○	○	ASM file stripe size
_asm_stripewidth	○	○	ASM file stripe width
_asm_sync_rebalance	n/a	○	Rebalance uses sync I/O
_asm_trace_limit_timeout	n/a	○	Time-out in milliseconds to reset the number of traces per disk and the number of processes allowed to trace
_asm_usd_batch	n/a	○	ASM USD Update Max Batch Size
_asm_wait_time	○	○	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
_asmlib_test	○	n/a	Osmlib test event
_asmsid	○	○	ASM instance id
_assm_default	○	○	ASSM default
_assm_force_fetchmeta	n/a	○	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
_assm_high_gsp_threshold	n/a	○	Number of blocks rejected before growing segment
_assm_low_gsp_threshold	n/a	○	Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats
_async_recovery_claims	○	○	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
_async_recovery_reads	○	○	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
_async_ts_threshold	○	○	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	○	○	auto assign CGs for sessions
_auto_bmr	n/a	○	enable/disable Auto BMR
_auto_bmr_bg_time	n/a	○	Auto BMR Process Run Time
_auto_bmr_fc_time	n/a	○	Auto BMR Flood Control Time
_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	n/a	○	Auto BMR Publish Timeout
_auto_bmr_req_timeout	n/a	○	Auto BMR Requester Timeout
_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	n/a	○	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	n/a	○	Auto BMR Request System Threshold
_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	n/a	○	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE
_auto_manage_exadata_disks	n/a	○	Automate Exadata disk management
_auto_manage_infreq_tout	n/a	○	TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this interval, unit is seconds
_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	n/a	○	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications
_auto_manage_max_online_tries	n/a	○	Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk
_auto_manage_num_pipe_msgs	n/a	○	Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe
_auto_manage_num_tries	n/a	○	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
_auto_manage_online_tries_expire_time	n/a	○	Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after lapsing this time (unit in seconds)
_automatic_maintenance_test	○	○	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
_automemory_broker_interval	○	○	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory
_autotask_max_window	○	○	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_min_window	○	○	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_test_name	n/a	○	Name of current Autotask Test (or test step)
_autotune_gtx_idle_time	○	○	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process
_autotune_gtx_interval	○	○	interval to autotune global transaction background processes
_autotune_gtx_threshold	○	○	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency
_aux_dfc_keep_time	n/a	○	auxiliary datafile copy keep time in minutes
_available_core_count	n/a	○	number of cores for this instance
_avoid_prepare	○	○	if TRUE, do not prepare a buffer when the master is local
_aw_row_source_enabled	○	n/a	Enables AW Row Source instead of collection iterator
_awr_cdbperf_threshold	n/a	○	Setting for AWR CDBPERF Threshold
_awr_corrupt_mode	○	○	AWR Corrupt Mode
_awr_disabled_flush_tables	○	○	Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	○	○	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	○	○	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	○	○	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_all_expired	n/a	○	Allows deep purge to purge AWR data for all expired snapshots
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	n/a	○	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	n/a	○	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	n/a	○	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run
_awr_pdb_registration_enabled	n/a	○	Parameter to enable/disable AWR PDB Registration
_awr_remote_target_dblink	n/a	○	AWR Remote Target DBLink for Flushing
_awr_restrict_mode	○	○	AWR Restrict Mode
_awr_sql_child_limit	○	○	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	○	○	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
_backup_align_write_io	n/a	○	align backup write I/Os
_backup_automatic_retry	n/a	○	automatic retry on backup write errors
_backup_compress_opt_mode	○	n/a	specifies compression optimization mode
_backup_disk_bufcnt	n/a	○	number of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_bufsz	n/a	○	size of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_io_slaves	○	○	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
_backup_dynamic_buffers	n/a	○	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	○	○	specifies encryption block optimization mode
_backup_file_bufcnt	n/a	○	number of buffers used for file access
_backup_file_bufsz	n/a	○	size of buffers used for file access
_backup_io_pool_size	○	○	memory to reserve from the large pool
_backup_kgc_blksiz	n/a	○	specifies buffer size to be used by HIGH compression
_backup_kgc_bufsz	○	○	specifies buffer size to be used by BZIP2 compression	specifies buffer size to be used by BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_memlevel	○	○	specifies memory level for ZLIB compression	specifies memory level for MEDIUM compression
_backup_kgc_niters	○	○	specifies number of iterations done by BZIP2 compression	specifies number of iterations done by BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_perflevel	○	○	specifies compression (performance) level for ZLIB compression	specifies compression (performance) level for MEDIUM compression
_backup_kgc_scheme	○	○	specifies compression scheme
_backup_kgc_type	○	○	specifies compression type used by kgc BZIP2 compression	specifies compression type used by kgc BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_windowbits	○	○	specifies window size for ZLIB compression	specifies window size for MEDIUM compression
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	○	○	number of the ksfq buffers used for backup/restore	number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt_max	○	n/a	maximum number of the ksfq buffer used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufmem_max	n/a	○	maximum amount of memory (in bytes) used for buffers for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	○	○	size of the ksfq buffer used for backup/restore	size of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_lzo_size	n/a	○	specifies buffer size for LOW compression
_backup_max_gap_size	○	○	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
_backup_min_ct_unused_optim	n/a	○	mimimun size in bytes of change tracking to apply unused space optimuzation
_backup_seq_bufcnt	n/a	○	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_seq_bufsz	n/a	○	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	○	○	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	○	○	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	○	○	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	○	○	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
_bct_chunk_size	○	○	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
_bct_crash_reserve_size	○	○	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
_bct_file_block_size	○	○	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_file_extent_size	○	○	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_fixtab_file	○	○	change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_health_check_interval	n/a	○	CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	○	○	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
_bct_mrp_timeout	n/a	○	CTWR MRP wait timeout (seconds), zero to wait forever
_bct_public_dba_buffer_dynresize	n/a	○	allow dynamic resizing of public dba buffers, zero to disable
_bct_public_dba_buffer_maxsize	n/a	○	max buffer size permitted for public dba buffers, in bytes
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	○	○	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
_bg_spawn_diag_opts	n/a	○	background processes spawn diagnostic options
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	○	○	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_block_change_tracking	○	n/a	change tracking possible
_block_level_offload_high_lat_thresh	n/a	○	High Latency Threshold for Block Level Offload operations
_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	○	○	controls readahead value during block sampling
_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size	○	○	blocking session graph cache size in bytes
_blocks_per_cache_server	○	○	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
_bloom_filter_debug	○	○	debug level for bloom filtering
_bloom_filter_enabled	○	○	enables or disables bloom filter
_bloom_filter_size	n/a	○	bloom filter vector size (in KB)
_bloom_folding_density	○	○	bloom filter folding density lower bound
_bloom_folding_enabled	○	○	Enable folding of bloom filter
_bloom_folding_min	○	○	bloom filter folding size lower bound	bloom filter folding size lower bound (in KB)
_bloom_max_size	n/a	○	maximum bloom filter size (in KB)
_bloom_minmax_enabled	n/a	○	enable or disable bloom min max filtering
_bloom_predicate_enabled	○	○	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
_bloom_predicate_offload	n/a	○	enables or disables bloom filter predicate offload to cells
_bloom_predicate_pushdown_to_storage	○	n/a	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown to storage
_bloom_pruning_enabled	○	○	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
_bloom_pushing_max	○	○	bloom filter pushing size upper bound	bloom filter pushing size upper bound (in KB)
_bloom_pushing_total_max	n/a	○	bloom filter combined pushing size upper bound (in KB)
_bloom_rm_filter	n/a	○	remove bloom predicate in favor of zonemap join pruning predicate
_bloom_sm_enabled	n/a	○	enable bloom filter optimization using slave mapping
_bloom_vector_elements	○	n/a	number of elements in a bloom filter vector
_branch_tagging	n/a	○	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
_broadcast_scn_mode	n/a	○	broadcast-on-commit scn mode
_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	n/a	○	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	○	○	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	○	○	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	○	○	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
_buffered_message_spill_age	n/a	○	Buffered message spill age
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	○	○	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
_bufq_stop_flow_control	○	○	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	○	○	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
_bump_highwater_mark_count	○	○	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	○	○	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
_bypass_srl_for_so_eor	n/a	○	bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs
_bypass_xplatform_error	n/a	○	bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors
_cache_orl_during_open	n/a	○	cache online logs
_cache_stats_monitor	○	○	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
_capture_buffer_size	○	○	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	○	○	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
_case_sensitive_logon	○	○	case sensitive logon enabled
_causal_standby_wait_timeout	n/a	○	Causal standby wait timeout
_cdb_compatible	n/a	○	CDB Compatible
_cdb_rac_affinity	n/a	○	rac affinity for parallel cdb operations
_cdc_subscription_owner	n/a	○	Change Data Capture subscription_owner
_cdmp_diagnostic_level	○	○	cdmp directory diagnostic level
_cell_fast_file_create	○	○	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
_cell_fast_file_restore	○	○	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
_cell_file_format_chunk_size	○	○	Cell file format chunk size in MB
_cell_index_scan_enabled	○	○	enable CELL processing of index FFS
_cell_materialize_all_expressions	n/a	○	Force materialization of all offloadable expressions on the cells
_cell_materialize_virtual_columns	n/a	○	enable offload of expressions underlying virtual columns to cells
_cell_object_expiration_hours	n/a	○	flashcache object expiration timeout
_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	n/a	○	specifies capability table to load
_cell_offload_complex_processing	n/a	○	enable complex SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_expressions	n/a	○	enable offload of expressions to cells
_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	n/a	○	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata
_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	n/a	○	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_sys_context	n/a	○	enable offload of SYS_CONTEXT evaluation to cells
_cell_offload_timezone	n/a	○	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_virtual_columns	n/a	○	enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to cells
_cell_range_scan_enabled	○	○	enable CELL processing of index range scans
_cell_storidx_mode	n/a	○	Cell Storage Index mode
_cgs_allgroup_poll_time	n/a	○	CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_comm_readiness_check	n/a	○	CGS communication readiness check
_cgs_dball_group_registration	n/a	○	CGS DBALL group registration type
_cgs_dbgroup_poll_time	n/a	○	CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_health_check_in_reconfig	n/a	○	CGS health check during reconfiguration
_cgs_memberkill_from_rim_instance	n/a	○	allow a RIM instance to issue a CSS member kill
_cgs_msg_batch_size	n/a	○	CGS message batch size in bytes
_cgs_msg_batching	n/a	○	CGS message batching
_cgs_node_kill_escalation	○	○	CGS node kill escalation to CSS
_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	n/a	○	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	n/a	○	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	○	○	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
_cgs_send_timeout	○	○	CGS send timeout value
_cgs_ticket_sendback	n/a	○	CGS ticket active sendback percentage threshold
_cgs_tickets	○	○	CGS messaging tickets
_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	○	○	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
_change_vector_buffers	n/a	○	Number of change vector buffers for media recovery
_check_block_after_checksum	○	○	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on
_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	○	○	check block new invariant for flashback
_check_column_length	n/a	○	check column length
_check_pdbid_in_redo	n/a	○	Enable checking of pluggable database ID in redo
_check_ts_threshold	○	○	check tablespace thresholds
_cleanout_shrcur_buffers	n/a	○	if TRUE, cleanout shrcur buffers
_cleanup_rollback_entries	○	○	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
_cleanup_timeout	○	○	timeout value for PMON cleanup
_cleanup_timeout_flags	n/a	○	flags for PMON cleanup timeout
_clear_buffer_before_reuse	n/a	○	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
_cli_cachebktalloc	n/a	○	Percentage of memory to allocate
_client_enable_auto_unregister	n/a	○	enable automatic unregister after a send fails with timeout
_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	n/a	○	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats
_client_ntfn_pinginterval	n/a	○	time between pings to unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingretries	n/a	○	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	n/a	○	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
_client_result_cache_bypass	○	○	bypass the client result cache
_client_tstz_error_check	n/a	○	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations
_clone_one_pdb_recovery	n/a	○	Recover ROOT and only one PDB in clone database
_close_cached_open_cursors	○	○	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
_close_deq_by_cond_curs	n/a	○	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
_cloud_name	n/a	○	gsm cloud name
_cluster_library	○	○	cluster library selection
_clusterwide_global_transactions	○	○	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
_collapse_wait_history	○	○	collapse wait history
_collect_tempundo_stats	n/a	○	Collect Statistics v$tempundostat
_collect_undo_stats	○	○	Collect Statistics v$undostat
_column_compression_factor	○	○	Column compression ratio
_column_elimination_off	○	○	turn off predicate-only column elimination
_column_tracking_level	○	○	column usage tracking
_common_data_view_enabled	n/a	○	common objects returned through dictionary views
_common_user_prefix	n/a	○	Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common User/Role/Profile name
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	○	○	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
_complex_view_merging	○	○	enable complex view merging
_compression_above_cache	○	○	number of recompression above cache for sanity check
_compression_advisor	○	○	Compression advisor
_compression_chain	○	○	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
_compression_compatibility	n/a	○	Compression compatability
_concurrency_chosen	n/a	○	what is the chosen value of concurrency
_connect_by_use_union_all	n/a	○	use union all for connect by
_connection_broker_host	n/a	○	connection broker host for listen address
_controlfile_autobackup_delay	n/a	○	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups
_controlfile_backup_copy_check	n/a	○	enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile backup copy
_controlfile_block_size	○	○	control file block size in bytes
_controlfile_cell_flash_caching	n/a	○	Flash cache hint for control file accesses
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	○	○	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	○	○	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	n/a	○	control file enqueue holding time tracking size
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	○	○	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
_controlfile_section_init_size	○	○	control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand	○	○	control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_update_check	○	○	controlfile update sanity check
_convert_set_to_join	○	○	enables conversion of set operator to join
_coord_message_buffer	○	○	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
_corrupted_rollback_segments	○	○	corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	○	○	enables costing of equality semi-join
_cp_num_hash_latches	○	○	connection pool number of hash latches
_cpu_eff_thread_multiplier	n/a	○	CPU effective thread multiplier
_cpu_to_io	○	○	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
_cr_grant_global_role	○	○	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
_cr_grant_local_role	○	○	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_cr_grant_only	n/a	○	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block
_cr_server_log_flush	○	○	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
_cr_trc_buf_size	n/a	○	size of cr trace buffer
_crash_domain_on_exception	n/a	○	allow domain to exit for exceptions in any thread
_create_stat_segment	n/a	○	create ilm statistics segment
_create_table_in_any_cluster	○	○	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user
_ctx_doc_policy_stems	n/a	○	enable ctx_doc.policy_stems api
_cu_row_locking	n/a	○	CU row level locking
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	○	○	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	○	○	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
_cursor_cache_time	n/a	○	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	○	○	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
_cursor_features_enabled	○	○	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
_cursor_obsolete_threshold	n/a	○	Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.
_cursor_plan_enabled	○	○	enable collection and display of cursor plans
_cursor_plan_hash_version	○	○	version of cursor plan hash value
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	○	○	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
_cursor_reload_failure_threshold	n/a	○	Number of failed reloads before marking cursor unusable
_cursor_runtimeheap_memlimit	n/a	○	Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit
_cursor_stats_bucket	○	n/a	Hash table buckets for cursor stats (2^).
_cursor_stats_enabled	n/a	○	Enable cursor stats
_cursor_stats_heap	○	n/a	Heaps/latches for cursor stats.
_cvmap_buffers	n/a	○	Number of change vector buffers for multi instance media recovery
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	○	○	enable weak view checking
_data_transfer_cache_bc_perc_x100	n/a	○	Percentange * 100 of buffer cache to transfer to data transfer cache
_data_transfer_cache_size	n/a	○	Size of data transfer cache
_data_warehousing_scan_buffers	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan buffers
_datafile_cow	n/a	○	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	n/a	○	datafile write errors crash instance
_datapump_compressbas_buffer_size	n/a	○	specifies buffer size for BASIC compression algorithm
_datapump_metadata_buffer_size	n/a	○	specifies buffer size for metadata file I/O
_datapump_tabledata_buffer_size	n/a	○	specifies buffer size for table data file I/O
_db_16k_flash_cache_file	n/a	○	flash cache file for 16k block size
_db_16k_flash_cache_size	n/a	○	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
_db_2k_flash_cache_file	n/a	○	flash cache file for 2k block size
_db_2k_flash_cache_size	n/a	○	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
_db_32k_flash_cache_file	n/a	○	flash cache file for 32k block size
_db_32k_flash_cache_size	n/a	○	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
_db_4k_flash_cache_file	n/a	○	flash cache file for 4k block size
_db_4k_flash_cache_size	n/a	○	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
_db_8k_flash_cache_file	n/a	○	flash cache file for 8k block size
_db_8k_flash_cache_size	n/a	○	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
_db_aging_cool_count	○	○	Touch count set when buffer cooled
_db_aging_freeze_cr	○	○	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
_db_aging_hot_criteria	○	○	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_aging_stay_count	○	○	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
_db_aging_touch_time	○	○	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_always_check_system_ts	○	○	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
_db_block_adjcheck	○	○	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
_db_block_adjchk_level	○	○	adjacent cache buffer check level
_db_block_align_direct_read	○	○	Align Direct Reads
_db_block_bad_write_check	○	○	enable bad write checks
_db_block_buffers	○	○	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
_db_block_cache_clone	○	○	Always clone data blocks on get (for debugging)
_db_block_cache_history	○	○	buffer header tracing (non-zero only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_history_level	○	○	buffer header tracing level
_db_block_cache_history_lru	n/a	○	buffer header tracing for lru operations
_db_block_cache_num_umap	○	○	number of unmapped buffers (for tracking swap calls on blocks)
_db_block_cache_protect	○	○	protect database blocks (true only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	○	○	protect database blocks (for strictly internal use only)
_db_block_check_for_debug	○	○	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
_db_block_check_objtyp	○	○	check objd and typ on cache disk read
_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	n/a	○	chunkify noncontig multi block reads
_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	○	○	threshold number of block recovery attempts
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	○	○	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
_db_block_hash_buckets	○	○	Number of database block hash buckets
_db_block_hash_latches	○	○	Number of database block hash latches
_db_block_header_guard_level	○	○	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	○	○	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
_db_block_known_clean_pct	○	○	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
_db_block_lru_latches	○	○	number of lru latches
_db_block_max_cr_dba	○	○	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
_db_block_max_scan_pct	○	○	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	○	○	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
_db_block_numa	○	○	Number of NUMA nodes
_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	○	○	Batched IO enable fast longjumps
_db_block_prefetch_limit	○	○	Prefetch limit in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_override	○	○	Prefetch force override in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	○	○	Batched IO enable private cache
_db_block_prefetch_quota	○	○	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	○	○	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
_db_block_prefetch_wasted_threshold_perc	n/a	○	Allowed wasted percent threshold of prefetched size
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	○	○	Size of shared table scan read buffer
_db_block_temp_redo	○	○	generate redo for temp blocks
_db_block_trace_protect	○	○	trace buffer protect calls
_db_block_vlm_check	○	○	check of rvlm mapping leaks (for debugging)
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	○	○	Threshold for allowable vlm leaks
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch	○	○	Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_cache_advice_batch_size	○	n/a	cache advisory simulation batch size
_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	n/a	○	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	○	○	cache advisory sampling factor
_db_cache_advice_sanity_check	n/a	○	cache simulation sanity check
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace	n/a	○	dump short call stack for block reads
_db_cache_crx_check	○	○	check for costly crx examination functions
_db_cache_miss_check_les	n/a	○	check LEs after cache miss
_db_cache_mman_latch_check	n/a	○	check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb
_db_cache_pre_warm	○	○	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max	○	○	maximum number of cr pins a process may have
_db_cache_wait_debug	n/a	○	trace new kslwaits
_db_change_notification_enable	○	○	enable db change notification
_db_check_cell_hints	n/a	○
_db_disable_temp_encryption	○	○	Diable Temp Encryption for Spills	Disable Temp Encryption for Spills
_db_dump_from_disk_and_efc	n/a	○	dump contents from disk and efc
_db_dw_scan_adaptive_cooling	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable adaptive DW scan cooling
_db_dw_scan_max_shadow_count	n/a	○	DW Scan adaptive cooling max shadow count
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_factor	n/a	○	DW Scan object cooling factor to cool all temperatures
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_interval	n/a	○	DW Scan object cooling interval in number of scans, seconds, or pct of cache size
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_policy	n/a	○	DW scan objtect cooling policy
_db_dw_scan_obj_warming_increment	n/a	○	DW Scan object warming increment when an object is scanned
_db_fast_obj_check	○	○	enable fast object drop sanity check
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	○	○	enable fast object checkpoint
_db_fast_obj_truncate	○	○	enable fast object truncate
_db_file_direct_io_count	○	○	Sequential I/O buf size
_db_file_exec_read_count	○	○	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_file_format_io_buffers	○	○	Block formatting I/O buf count
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	○	○	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	○	○	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_flash_cache_force_replenish_limit	n/a	○	Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers
_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	n/a	○	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flash_cache_max_latency	n/a	○	Flash cache maximum latency allowed in 10 milliseconds
_db_flash_cache_max_outstanding_writes	n/a	○	Flash cache maximum outstanding writes allowed
_db_flash_cache_max_read_retry	n/a	○	Flash cache max read retry
_db_flash_cache_max_slow_io	n/a	○	Flash cache maximum slow io allowed
_db_flash_cache_write_limit	n/a	○	Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flashback_iobuf_size	n/a	○	Flashback IO Buffer Size
_db_flashback_log_min_size	n/a	○	Minimum flashback database log size in bytes
_db_flashback_log_min_total_space	n/a	○	Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes
_db_flashback_num_iobuf	n/a	○	Flashback Number of IO buffers
_db_handles	○	○	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
_db_handles_cached	○	○	Buffer handles cached each process
_db_hot_block_tracking	○	○	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
_db_index_block_checking	○	○	index block checking override parameter
_db_initial_cachesize_create_mb	n/a	○	size of cache created at startup
_db_l2_tracing	n/a	○	flash cache debug tracing
_db_large_dirty_queue	○	○	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
_db_lost_write_checking	○	○	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
_db_lost_write_tracing	○	○	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
_db_mttr_advice	○	○	MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_partitions	○	○	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_sample_factor	○	○	MTTR simulation sampling factor
_db_mttr_sim_target	○	○	MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	○	○	MTTR simulation trace size
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	○	○	dump trace entries to alert file
_db_noarch_disble_optim	○	○	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
_db_num_evict_waitevents	○	○	number of evict wait events
_db_num_gsm	n/a	○	database number in gsm dbpool
_db_obj_enable_ksr	○	○	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
_db_percent_hot_default	○	○	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_keep	○	○	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_recycle	○	○	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	○	○	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	n/a	○	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest	○	○	default database recovery temporal file location
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	○	○	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
_db_row_overlap_checking	○	○	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
_db_todefer_cache_create	○	○	buffer cache deferred create
_db_writer_chunk_writes	○	○	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	○	○	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	○	○	Limit on size of coalesced write
_db_writer_flush_imu	○	○	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	○	○	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
_db_writer_max_writes	○	○	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	○	○	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
_db_writer_verify_writes	○	○	Enable lost write detection mechanism
_dbfs_modify_implicit_fetch	n/a	○	DBFS Link allows implicit fetch on modify - only on SecureFiles
_dbg_proc_startup	○	○	debug process startup
_dbg_scan	n/a	○	generic scan debug
_dbms_sql_security_level	○	○	Security level in DBMS_SQL
_dbop_enabled	n/a	○	Any positive number enables automatic DBOP monitoring. 0 is disabled
_dbpool_name	n/a	○	gsm database pool name
_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	n/a	○	DBRM dynamic threshold setting
_dbrm_num_runnable_list	n/a	○	Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node
_dbrm_quantum	n/a	○	DBRM quantum
_dbrm_runchk	n/a	○	Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check
_dbrm_short_wait_us	n/a	○	Resource Manager short wait length
_dbwr_async_io	○	○	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
_dbwr_scan_interval	○	○	dbwriter scan interval
_dbwr_tracing	○	○	Enable dbwriter tracing
_dd_validate_remote_locks	n/a	○	GES deadlock detection validate remote locks
_dde_flood_control_init	○	○	Initialize Flood Control at database open
_dead_process_scan_interval	○	○	PMON dead process scan interval	PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_deadlock_diagnostic_level	○	○	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
_deadlock_record_to_alert_log	n/a	○	record resolved deadlocks to the alert log
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_always	n/a	○	create incidents when resolving any deadlock?
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	○	○	create incidents during deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_level	○	○	automatic deadlock resolution level
_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	○	○	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	○	○	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal
_dedicated_server_poll_count	○	○	dedicated server poll count
_dedicated_server_post_wait	○	○	dedicated server post/wait
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	○	○	dedicated server post/wait call
_default_encrypt_alg	○	○	default encryption algorithm
_default_non_equality_sel_check	○	○	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_defer_eor_orl_arch_for_so	n/a	○	defer EOR ORL archival for switchover
_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	○	○	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
_defer_log_count	○	○	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind
_defer_rcv_during_sw_to_sby	n/a	○	Defer recovery during switchover to standby
_defer_sga_alloc_chunk_size	n/a	○	Chunk size for defer sga allocation
_defer_sga_enabled	n/a	○	Enable deferred shared memory allocation for SGA
_defer_sga_min_spsz_at_startup	n/a	○	Minimum shared pool size at startup with deferred sga enabled
_defer_sga_min_total_defer_segs_sz	n/a	○	Minimum total deferred segs size for defer sga allocation
_defer_sga_test_alloc_intv	n/a	○	SA** sleeps for N secs before allocating a deferred segment
_deferred_constant_folding_mode	n/a	○	Deferred constant folding mode
_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	n/a	○	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)
_deferred_seg_in_seed	n/a	○	Enable Deferred Segment Creation in Seed
_delay_index_maintain	○	○	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
_delta_push_share_blockers	n/a	○	enable delta push if greater than the # of share blockers
_deq_execute_reset_time	n/a	○	deq execute reset time
_deq_ht_child_latches	n/a	○	deq ht child latches
_deq_ht_max_elements	n/a	○	deq ht max elements
_deq_large_txn_size	n/a	○	deq large txn size
_deq_log_array_size	n/a	○	deq log array size
_deq_max_fetch_count	n/a	○	deq max fetch count
_deq_maxwait_time	n/a	○	Change wait times between dequeue calls
_desired_readmem_rate	○	○	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
_dg_broker_trace_level	n/a	○	data guard broker trace level
_dg_cf_check_timer	n/a	○	Data Guard controlfile check timer
_dg_corrupt_redo_log	n/a	○	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
_diag_adr_auto_purge	○	○	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
_diag_adr_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
_diag_adr_test_param	○	○	Test parameter for Diagnosability
_diag_arb_before_kill	○	○	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
_diag_backward_compat	○	○	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
_diag_cc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
_diag_conf_cap_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
_diag_crashdump_level	n/a	○	parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG during crash
_diag_daemon	○	○	start DIAG daemon
_diag_dde_async_age_limit	○	○	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	○	○	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_mode	○	○	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	○	○	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
_diag_dde_async_msgs	○	○	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers
_diag_dde_async_process_rate	○	○	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop
_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	○	○	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_slaves	○	○	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes
_diag_dde_enabled	○	○	enable DDE handling of critical errors
_diag_dde_fc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	○	○	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	○	○	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	○	○	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)
_diag_diagnostics	○	○	Turn off diag diagnostics
_diag_dump_request_debug_level	n/a	○	DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)
_diag_dump_timeout	○	○	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
_diag_enable_startup_events	n/a	○	enable events in instance startup notifiers
_diag_hm_rc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
_diag_hm_tc_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
_diag_proc_enabled	○	○	enable hung process diagnostic API
_diag_proc_max_time_ms	○	○	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds
_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	○	○	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
_diag_test_seg_reinc_mode	n/a	○	Sets trace segmentation to be in reincarnation mode
_diag_uts_control	○	○	UTS control parameter
_diag_verbose_error_on_init	n/a	○	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
_diag_xm_enabled	n/a	○	If TRUE, DIAG allows message exchanges across DB/ASM boundary
_dimension_skip_null	○	○	control dimension skip when null feature
_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	○	○	Skip current slot on error
_direct_io_slots	○	○	number of slots for direct path I/O
_direct_io_wslots	n/a	○	number of write slots for direct path I/O
_direct_path_insert_features	○	○	disable direct path insert features
_direct_read_decision_statistics_driven	n/a	○	enable direct read decision based on optimizer statistics
_disable_12751	○	○	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
_disable_12cbigfile	n/a	○	DIsable Storing ILM Statistics in 12cBigFiles
_disable_acid_check	○	n/a	disable ACID check
_disable_active_influx_move	○	○	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	○	○	adaptive shrunk aggregation
_disable_appliance_check	n/a	○	Disable appliance-specific code
_disable_appliance_partnering	n/a	○	Disable appliance partnering algorithms
_disable_autotune_gtx	○	○	disable autotune global transaction background processes
_disable_block_checking	n/a	○	disable block checking at the session level
_disable_cell_optimized_backups	○	○	disable cell optimized backups
_disable_cpu_check	○	○	disable cpu_count check
_disable_cursor_sharing	n/a	○	disable cursor sharing
_disable_datalayer_sampling	○	○	disable datalayer sampling
_disable_directory_link_check	n/a	○	Disable directory link checking
_disable_duplex_link	○	○	Turn off connection duplexing
_disable_fast_aggregation	○	○	fast aggregation
_disable_fast_validate	○	○	disable PL/SQL fast validation
_disable_fastopen	○	○	Do Not Use Fastopen
_disable_fba_qrw	○	○	disable flashback archiver query rewrite
_disable_fba_wpr	○	○	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions
_disable_file_locks	○	○	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
_disable_flashback_archiver	○	○	disable flashback archiver
_disable_flashback_recyclebin_opt	n/a	○	Don't use the Flashback Recyclebin optimization
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	○	○	Disable flashback wait callback
_disable_function_based_index	○	○	disable function-based index matching
_disable_gvaq_cache	n/a	○	Disable cache
_disable_health_check	○	○	Disable Health Check
_disable_highres_ticks	○	○	disable high-res tick counter
_disable_image_check	○	○	Disable Oracle executable image checking
_disable_implicit_row_movement	n/a	○	disable implicit row movement
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	○	○	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	○	○	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
_disable_index_block_prefetching	○	○	disable index block prefetching
_disable_initial_block_compression	○	○	disable initial block compression
_disable_instance_params_check	○	○	disable instance type check for ksp
_disable_interface_checking	○	○	disable interface checking at startup
_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	○	○	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	○	○	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	○	○	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
_disable_kgghshcrc32_osd	n/a	○	disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_32cas	○	○	disable latch-free SCN writes using 32-bit compare & swap
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_64cas	○	○	disable latch-free SCN writes using 64-bit compare & swap
_disable_logging	○	○	Disable logging
_disable_metrics_group	○	○	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	○	○	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
_disable_odm	○	○	disable odm feature
_disable_parallel_conventional_load	○	○	Disable parallel conventional loads
_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	n/a	○	disable primary bitmap switch
_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	○	○	Disable read-only open dictionary check
_disable_rebalance_compact	○	n/a	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_rebalance_space_check	○	○	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_recoverable_recovery	○	n/a	Disable the new recoverable recovery mechanism
_disable_recovery_read_skip	○	○	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
_disable_rolling_patch	n/a	○	Disable Rolling Patch Feature
_disable_sample_io_optim	○	○	disable row sampling IO optimization
_disable_savepoint_reset	○	○	disable the fix for bug 1402161
_disable_sec_ticks	○	n/a	disable low-res (sec) counter
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	○	○	Disable self-tune checkpointing
_disable_storage_type	n/a	○	Disable storage type checks
_disable_streams_diagnostics	n/a	○	streams diagnostics
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	○	○	disable streams pool auto tuning
_disable_sun_rsm	○	○	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
_disable_system_state	○	○	disable system state dump
_disable_system_state_wait_samples	○	○	Disable system state dump - wait samples
_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	n/a	○	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
_disable_thread_internal_disable	○	○	Disable thread internal disable feature
_disable_thread_snapshot	n/a	○	Thread snapshot
_disable_txn_alert	○	○	disable txn layer alert
_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	n/a	○	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
_disable_vktm	○	n/a	disable vktm process
_disable_wait_state	○	○	Disable wait state
_discrete_transactions_enabled	○	○	enable OLTP mode
_disk_sector_size_override	n/a	○	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
_diskmon_pipe_name	○	○	DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
_dispatcher_rate_scale	○	○	scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl	○	○	time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_view_unnesting	○	○	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	○	○	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
_dlmtrace	○	○	Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_dmf_details_compatibility	n/a	○	set dm dmf details compatibility version
_dm_enable_legacy_dmf_output_types	n/a	○	revert dmf output types to pre-12.1.0.1
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	○	○	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
_dml_batch_error_limit	n/a	○	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
_dml_frequency_tracking	n/a	○	Control DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_advance	n/a	○	Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML frequencies
_dml_frequency_tracking_slot_time	n/a	○	Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_slots	n/a	○	Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking
_dml_monitoring_enabled	○	○	enable modification monitoring
_dnfs_rdma_enable	n/a	○	Enable dNFS RDMA transfers
_dnfs_rdma_max	n/a	○	Maximum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
_dnfs_rdma_min	n/a	○	Minimum size of dNFS RDMA transfer
_domain_index_batch_size	○	○	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	○	○	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
_dra_bmr_number_threshold	○	○	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	○	○	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed
_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	○	○	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA
_drm_parallel_freeze	n/a	○	if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze
_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	n/a	○	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation
_drop_stat_segment	n/a	○	drop ilm statistics segment
_drop_table_granule	○	○	drop_table_granule
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	○	○	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
_ds_enable_auto_txn	n/a	○	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_ds_iocount_iosize	○	○	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
_ds_parse_model	n/a	○	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
_dsc_feature_level	n/a	○	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation
_dskm_health_check_cnt	n/a	○	DiSKMon health check counter
_dss_cache_flush	○	○	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
_dtree_area_size	○	○	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
_dtree_binning_enabled	○	○	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
_dtree_bintest_id	○	○	Decision Tree Binning Test ID
_dtree_compressbmp_enabled	○	○	Decision Tree Using Compressed Bitmaps Enabled
_dtree_max_surrogates	○	○	maximum number of surrogates
_dtree_pruning_enabled	○	○	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
_dummy_instance	○	○	dummy instance started by RMAN
_dump_10261_level	n/a	○	Dump level for event 10261, 1=>minimal dump 2=>top pga dump
_dump_common_subexpressions	○	○	dump common subexpressions
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	○	○	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	○	○	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
_dump_interval_limit	○	○	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
_dump_max_limit	○	○	max number of dump within dump interval
_dump_qbc_tree	○	○	dump top level query parse tree to trace
_dump_rcvr_ipc	○	○	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
_dump_scn_increment_stack	n/a	○	Dumps scn increment stack per session
_dump_system_state_scope	○	○	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
_dump_trace_scope	○	○	scope of trace dump during a process crash
_dynamic_rls_policies	○	○	rls policies are dynamic
_dynamic_stats_threshold	○	○	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
_edition_based_redefinition	○	n/a	enable edition based redefinition
_eighteenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	eighteenth spare parameter - string
_eighth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	eighth spare parameter - integer
_eleventh_spare_parameter	n/a	○	eleventh spare parameter - integer
_eliminate_common_subexpr	○	○	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
_emon_max_active_connections	n/a	○	maximum open connections to clients per emon
_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	n/a	○	timeout for completing connection set up to clients
_emon_pool_inc	n/a	○	increment in EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_pool_max	n/a	○	maximum number of EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_pool_min	n/a	○	minimum number of EMON slaves per pool type
_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	○	○	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications
_emon_send_timeout	n/a	○	send timeout after which the client is unregistered
_emx_control	n/a	○	EM Express control (internal use only)
_emx_max_sessions	n/a	○	Maximum number of sessions in the EM Express cache
_emx_session_timeout	n/a	○	Session timeout (sec) in the EM Express cache
_enable_12g_bft	n/a	○	enable 12g bigfile tablespace
_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	n/a	○	enable front end view optimization
_enable_LGPG_debug	n/a	○	Enable LGPG debug mode
_enable_NUMA_interleave	n/a	○	Enable NUMA interleave mode
_enable_NUMA_optimization	○	○	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
_enable_NUMA_support	n/a	○	Enable NUMA support and optimizations
_enable_asyncvio	n/a	○	enable asynch vectored I/O
_enable_automatic_maintenance	○	○	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
_enable_automatic_sqltune	○	○	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	○	○	enable block level recovery
_enable_check_truncate	○	○	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate
_enable_columnar_cache	n/a	○	Enable Columnar Flash Cache Rewrite
_enable_cscn_caching	○	○	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
_enable_ddl_wait_lock	○	○	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
_enable_default_affinity	○	○	to enable default implementation of affinity osds	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
_enable_default_temp_threshold	n/a	○	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces
_enable_default_undo_threshold	n/a	○	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	○	○	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
_enable_editions_for_users	○	○	enable editions for all users
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	○	○	use check constraints on the table for validation
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	○	○	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
_enable_ffw	n/a	○	FAL FORWARDING
_enable_flash_logging	n/a	○	Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging
_enable_hash_overflow	○	○	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
_enable_heatmap_internal	n/a	○	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_enable_hwm_sync	○	○	enable HWM synchronization
_enable_iee_stats	n/a	○	enables IEE stats gathering
_enable_ilm_flush_stats	n/a	○	Enable ILM Stats Flush
_enable_ilm_testflush_stats	n/a	○	Enable Test ILM Stats Flush
_enable_kqf_purge	n/a	○	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
_enable_list_io	○	○	Enable List I/O
_enable_midtier_affinity	○	○	enable midtier affinity metrics processing
_enable_minscn_cr	○	○	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	○	○	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
_enable_obj_queues	○	○	enable object queues
_enable_offloaded_writes	n/a	○	Enable offloaded writes for Unit Test
_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	○	○	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock
_enable_pluggable_database	n/a	○	Enable Pluggable Database
_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	○	○	mv rewrite on remote table/view
_enable_redo_global_post	n/a	○	LGWR post globally on write
_enable_refresh_schedule	○	○	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	○	○	Enable reliable latch waits
_enable_rename_user	n/a	○	enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement
_enable_rlb	○	○	enable RLB metrics processing
_enable_row_shipping	○	○	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
_enable_sb_detection	n/a	○	Split Brain Detection
_enable_schema_synonyms	n/a	○	enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema synonyms
_enable_scn_wait_interface	○	○	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
_enable_securefile_flashback_opt	n/a	○	Enable securefile flashback optimization
_enable_separable_transactions	○	○	enable/disable separable transactions
_enable_shared_pool_durations	○	○	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
_enable_shared_server_vector_io	○	○	Enable shared server vector I/O
_enable_space_preallocation	○	○	enable space pre-allocation
_enable_spacebg	○	○	enable space management background task
_enable_tablespace_alerts	○	○	enable tablespace alerts
_enable_type_dep_selectivity	○	○	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
_endprot_chunk_comment	○	○	chunk comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_heap_comment	○	○	heap comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_subheaps	○	○	selective overrun protection for subeheaps
_enqueue_deadlock_detect_all_global_locks	n/a	○	enable deadlock detection on all global enqueues
_enqueue_deadlock_scan_secs	n/a	○	deadlock scan interval
_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	○	○	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	○	○	debug enqueue multi instance
_enqueue_hash	○	○	enqueue hash table length
_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	○	○	enqueue hash chain latches
_enqueue_locks	○	○	locks for managed enqueues
_enqueue_paranoia_mode_enabled	n/a	○	enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
_enqueue_resources	○	○	resources for enqueues
_enqueue_sync_retry_attempts	n/a	○	max number of times the bg process to retry synchronous enqueue open if it failed because master could not allocate memory
_enqueue_sync_sim_mem_error	n/a	○	simulate master instance running out of memory when synchronously getting a remotely mastered enqueue
_evolve_plan_baseline_report_level	○	○	Level of detail to show in plan verification/evolution report
_evt_system_event_propagation	○	○	disable system event propagation
_expand_aggregates	○	○	expand aggregates
_explain_rewrite_mode	○	○	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
_extended_pruning_enabled	○	○	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds	n/a	○	High delta SCN threshold in seconds
_external_scn_rejection_delta_threshold_minutes	n/a	○	external SCN rejection delta threshold in minutes
_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	n/a	○	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_fair_remote_cvt	○	○	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
_fairness_threshold	○	○	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
_fast_cursor_reexecute	○	○	use more memory in order to get faster execution
_fast_dual_enabled	○	○	enable/disable fast dual
_fast_full_scan_enabled	○	○	enable/disable index fast full scan
_fast_index_maintenance	n/a	○	fast global index maintenance during PMOPs
_fast_psby_conversion	n/a	○	Enable fast physical standby conversion
_fastpin_enable	○	○	enable reference count based fast pins
_fbda_busy_percentage	○	○	flashback archiver busy percentage
_fbda_debug_assert	n/a	○	flashback archiver debug assert for testing
_fbda_debug_mode	○	○	flashback archiver debug event for testing
_fbda_global_bscn_lag	○	○	flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
_fbda_inline_percentage	○	○	flashback archiver inline percentage
_fbda_rac_inactive_limit	○	○	flashback archiver rac inactive limit
_fg_iorm_slaves	○	○	ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
_fg_log_checksum	○	○	Checksum redo in foreground process
_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	○	○	Log file sync via usleep
_fic_algorithm_set	○	○	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
_fic_area_size	○	○	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
_fic_max_length	○	○	Frequent Itemset Counting Maximum Itemset Length
_fic_min_bmsize	○	○	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
_fic_outofmem_candidates	○	○	Frequent Itemset Counting Out Of Memory Candidates Generation
_fifteenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	fifteenth spare parameter - integer
_fifth_spare_parameter	○	○	fifth spare parameter - string	fifth spare parameter - integer
_file_size_increase_increment	n/a	○	Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
_filemap_dir	○	○	FILEMAP directory
_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	○	○	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
_first_spare_parameter	○	○	first spare parameter - integer
_fix_control	○	○	bug fix control parameter
_flashback_11.1_block_new_opt	n/a	○	use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	○	○	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
_flashback_archiver_partition_size	○	○	flashback archiver table partition size
_flashback_barrier_interval	○	○	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_copy_latches	○	○	Number of flashback copy latches
_flashback_database_test_only	n/a	○	Run Flashback Database in test mode
_flashback_delete_chunk_MB	n/a	○	Amount of flashback log (in MB) to delete in one attempt
_flashback_dynamic_enable	n/a	○	enable flashback enable code path
_flashback_dynamic_enable_failure	n/a	○	Simulate failures during dynamic enable
_flashback_enable_ra	n/a	○	Flashback enable read ahead
_flashback_format_chunk_mb	○	○	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using sync write
_flashback_format_chunk_mb_dwrite	○	○	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using delayed write
_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	○	○	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
_flashback_generation_buffer_size	○	○	flashback generation buffer size
_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	○	○	Flashback hint barrier percent
_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	○	○	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
_flashback_log_min_size	○	○	Minimum flashback log size
_flashback_log_rac_balance_factor	n/a	○	flashback log rac balance factor
_flashback_log_size	○	○	Flashback log size
_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	○	○	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	○	○	Enable flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_cache_size	○	○	Size of flashback database marker cache
_flashback_max_log_size	○	○	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	○	○	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_max_standby_sync_span	○	○	Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for flashback
_flashback_n_log_per_thread	○	○	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_prepare_log	n/a	○	Prepare Flashback logs in the background
_flashback_size_based_on_redo	n/a	○	Size new flashback logs based on average redo log size
_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	○	○	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_validate_controlfile	n/a	○	validate flashback pointers in controlfile for 11.2.0.2 database
_flashback_verbose_info	○	○	Print verbose information about flashback database
_flashback_write_max_loop_limit	○	○	Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
_flush_ilm_stats	n/a	○	flush ilm stats
_flush_plan_in_awr_sql	n/a	○	Plan is being flushed from an AWR flush SQL
_flush_redo_to_standby	n/a	○	Flush redo to standby test event parameter
_flush_undo_after_tx_recovery	n/a	○	if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
_force_arch_compress	n/a	○	Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_datefold_trunc	○	○	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
_force_hash_join_spill	n/a	○	force hash join to spill to disk
_force_hsc_compress	○	○	compress all new created tables	compress all newly created tables
_force_logging_in_upgrade	n/a	○	force logging during upgrade mode
_force_oltp_compress	○	○	OLTP Compress all new created tables	OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_oltp_update_opt	n/a	○	OLTP Compressed row optimization on update
_force_rcv_info_ping	n/a	○	Force recovery info ping to stdby
_force_rewrite_enable	○	○	control new query rewrite features
_force_slave_mapping_intra_part_loads	○	○	Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
_force_sys_compress	n/a	○	Sys compress
_force_temptables_for_gsets	○	○	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
_force_tmp_segment_loads	○	○	Force tmp segment loads
_forwarded_2pc_threshold	○	○	auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across RAC instances
_fourteenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	fourteenth spare parameter - integer
_fourth_spare_parameter	○	○	fourth spare parameter - string	fourth spare parameter - integer
_frame_cache_time	○	○	number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
_full_diag_on_rim	n/a	○	rim nodes have full DIA* function
_full_pwise_join_enabled	○	○	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
_fusion_security	n/a	○	Fusion Security
_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	○	○	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
_gby_onekey_enabled	○	○	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
_gc_affinity_acquire_time	n/a	○	if TRUE, save the time we acquired an affinity lock
_gc_affinity_locking	○	○	if TRUE, enable object affinity
_gc_affinity_locks	○	○	if TRUE, get affinity locks
_gc_affinity_ratio	○	○	dynamic object affinity ratio
_gc_async_memcpy	○	n/a	if TRUE, use async memcpy
_gc_async_send	n/a	○	send blocks asynchronously
_gc_bypass_readers	○	○	if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
_gc_check_bscn	○	○	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	○	○	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
_gc_cpu_time	n/a	○	if TRUE, record the gc cpu time
_gc_cr_server_read_wait	n/a	○	if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
_gc_defer_ping_index_only	n/a	○	if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
_gc_defer_time	○	○	how long to defer down converts for hot buffers	how long to defer pings for hot buffers in milliseconds
_gc_delta_push_compression	n/a	○	if delta >= K bytes, compress before push
_gc_delta_push_max_level	n/a	○	max delta level for delta push
_gc_delta_push_objects	n/a	○	objects which use delta push
_gc_disable_s_lock_brr_ping_check	n/a	○	if TRUE, disable S lock BRR ping check for lost write protect
_gc_dissolve_undo_affinity	○	n/a	if TRUE, dissolve undo affinity after an offline
_gc_down_convert_after_keep	n/a	○	if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
_gc_element_percent	○	○	global cache element percent
_gc_escalate_bid	n/a	○	if TRUE, escalates create a bid
_gc_fg_merge	n/a	○	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the foreground
_gc_fg_spin_time	n/a	○	foreground msgq spin time
_gc_flush_during_affinity	n/a	○	if TRUE, flush during affinity
_gc_fusion_compression	n/a	○	compress fusion blocks if there is free space
_gc_global_checkpoint_scn	○	○	if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
_gc_global_cpu	n/a	○	global cpu checks
_gc_global_lru	○	○	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_gc_global_lru_touch_count	n/a	○	global lru touch count
_gc_global_lru_touch_time	n/a	○	global lru touch time in seconds
_gc_initiate_undo_affinity	○	n/a	if TRUE, initiate undo affinity after an online
_gc_integrity_checks	○	○	set the integrity check level
_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	○	○	if TRUE, make recovery buffers current	if TRUE, make single instance crash recovery buffers current
_gc_latches	○	○	number of latches per LMS process
_gc_log_flush	n/a	○	if TRUE, flush redo log before a current block transfer
_gc_long_query_threshold	○	○	threshold for long running query
_gc_max_downcvt	○	○	maximum downconverts to process at one time
_gc_maximum_bids	○	○	maximum number of bids which can be prepared
_gc_no_fairness_for_clones	n/a	○	if TRUE, no fairness if we serve a clone
_gc_object_queue_max_length	n/a	○	maximum length for an object queue
_gc_override_force_cr	n/a	○	if TRUE, try to override force-cr requests
_gc_persistent_read_mostly	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable persistent read-mostly locking
_gc_policy_minimum	○	○	dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
_gc_policy_time	○	○	how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
_gc_read_mostly_flush_check	n/a	○	if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
_gc_read_mostly_locking	○	○	if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
_gc_sanity_check_cr_buffers	n/a	○	if TRUE, sanity check CR buffers
_gc_save_cleanout	n/a	○	if TRUE, save cleanout to apply later
_gc_split_flush	n/a	○	if TRUE, flush index split redo before rejecting bast
_gc_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, kcl statistics are maintained
_gc_temp_affinity	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable global temporary affinity
_gc_transfer_ratio	○	○	dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
_gc_undo_affinity	○	○	if TRUE, enable dynamic undo affinity	if TRUE, enable undo affinity
_gc_undo_block_disk_reads	○	○	if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
_gc_undo_scan_use_tsn	○	n/a	if TRUE, enable undo scan tsn optimization
_gc_use_cr	○	n/a	if TRUE, allow CR pins on PI and WRITING buffers
_gc_vector_read	○	○	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
_gc_voluntary_down_convert_obj	○	n/a	object number for voluntary down-convert
_gcr_cpu_min_free	n/a	○	minimum amount of free CPU to flag an anomaly
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_kill	n/a	○	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rm	n/a	○	if TRUE, GCR may enable a RM plan under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rt	n/a	○	if TRUE, GCR may boost bg priority under high load
_gcr_enable_high_memory_kill	n/a	○	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high memory load
_gcr_enable_new_drm_check	n/a	○	if FALSE, revert to old drm load metric
_gcr_enable_statistical_cpu_check	n/a	○	if FALSE, revert to old cpu load metric
_gcr_high_cpu_threshold	n/a	○	minimum amount of CPU process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_high_memory_threshold	n/a	○	minimum amount of Memory process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_max_rt_procs	n/a	○	maximum number of RT DLM processes allowed by GCR
_gcr_mem_min_free	n/a	○	minimum amount of free memory to flag an anomaly
_gcr_use_css	n/a	○	if FALSE, GCR wont register with CSS nor use any CSS feature
_gcs_disable_remote_handles	n/a	○	disable remote client/shadow handles
_gcs_disable_skip_close_remastering	n/a	○	if TRUE, disable skip close optimization in remastering
_gcs_disable_switch_role_with_writer	n/a	○	if TRUE, disable switching to local role with a writer
_gcs_fast_reconfig	○	○	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
_gcs_latches	○	○	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
_gcs_min_slaves	n/a	○	if non zero, it enables the minimum number of gcs slaves
_gcs_pkey_history	n/a	○	number of pkey remastering history
_gcs_process_in_recovery	○	○	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
_gcs_res_hash_buckets	n/a	○	number of gcs resource hash buckets to be allocated
_gcs_res_per_bucket	○	○	number of gcs resource per hash bucket
_gcs_reserved_resources	n/a	○	allocate the number of reserved resources in reconfiguration
_gcs_reserved_shadows	n/a	○	allocate the number of reserved shadows in reconfiguration
_gcs_resources	○	○	number of gcs resources to be allocated
_gcs_shadow_locks	○	○	number of pcm shadow locks to be allocated
_gcs_testing	○	○	GCS testing parameter
_generalized_pruning_enabled	○	○	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_ges_dd_debug	○	○	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
_ges_default_lmds	n/a	○	default lmds for enqueue hashing
_ges_designated_master	n/a	○	designated master for GES and GCS resources
_ges_diagnostics	○	○	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
_ges_diagnostics_asm_dump_level	○	○	systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked by ASM
_ges_direct_free	n/a	○	if TRUE, free each resource directly to the freelist
_ges_direct_free_res_type	n/a	○	string of resource types(s) to directly free to the freelist
_ges_dump_open_locks	n/a	○	if TRUE, dump open locks for the LCK process during shutdown
_ges_fggl	n/a	○	DLM fg grant lock on/off
_ges_freeable_res_chunk_free	n/a	○	if TRUE, free dynamic resource chunks which are freeable
_ges_freeable_res_chunk_free_interval	n/a	○	time interval for freeing freeable dynamic resource chunks
_ges_gather_res_reuse_stats	n/a	○	if TRUE, gather resource reuse statistics
_ges_hash_groups	n/a	○	enqueue hash table groups
_ges_health_check	○	○	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
_ges_lmd_mapping	n/a	○	enqueue to lmd mapping
_ges_nres_divide	n/a	○	how to divide number of enqueue resources among hash tables
_ges_num_blockers_to_kill	n/a	○	number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
_ges_resource_memory_opt	n/a	○	enable different level of ges res memory optimization
_ges_server_processes	n/a	○	number of background global enqueue server processes
_global_hang_analysis_interval_secs	○	○	the interval at which global hang analysis is run
_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	○	○	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
_grant_secure_role	n/a	○	Disallow granting of SR to NSR
_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	○	○	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
_groupby_orderby_combine	○	○	groupby/orderby don't combine threshold
_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	○	○	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
_gsm	n/a	○	GSM descriptions
_gsm_config_vers	n/a	○	version of gsm config
_gsm_cpu_thresh	n/a	○	CPU busy threshold
_gsm_drv_interval	n/a	○	metric derived values interval
_gsm_max_instances_per_db	n/a	○	maximum number of instances per database in gsm cloud
_gsm_max_num_regions	n/a	○	maximum number of regions in gsm cloud
_gsm_region_list	n/a	○	List of GSM Regions
_gsm_srlat_thresh	n/a	○	Single block read latency threshold
_gsm_thresh_respct	n/a	○	threshold resource percentage
_gsm_thresh_zone	n/a	○	threshold zone
_gwm_spare1	n/a	○	gsm spare 1
_gwm_spare2	n/a	○	gsm spare 2
_gwm_spare3	n/a	○	gsm spare 3
_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	○	○	hang analysis num call stacks
_hang_base_file_count	n/a	○	Number of trace files for the normal base trace file
_hang_base_file_space_limit	n/a	○	File space limit for current normal base trace file
_hang_bool_spare1	n/a	○	Hang Management 1
_hang_cross_boundary_hang_detection_enabled	n/a	○	Hang Management Cross Boundary detection
_hang_delay_resolution_for_libcache	n/a	○	Hang Management delays hang resolution for library cache
_hang_detection	○	n/a	Hang Management detection interval
_hang_detection_enabled	n/a	○	Hang Management detection
_hang_detection_interval	n/a	○	Hang Management detection interval in seconds
_hang_hang_analyze_output_hang_chains	n/a	○	if TRUE hang manager outputs hang analysis hang chains
_hang_hiload_promoted_ignored_hang_count	n/a	○	Hang Management high load or promoted ignored hang count
_hang_hiprior_session_attribute_list	n/a	○	Hang Management high priority session attribute list
_hang_ignored_hang_count	n/a	○	Hang Management ignored hang count
_hang_ignored_hangs_interval	n/a	○	Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after verification
_hang_int_spare2	n/a	○	Hang Management 2
_hang_log_verified_hangs_to_alert	n/a	○	Hang Management log verified hangs to alert log
_hang_long_wait_time_threshold	n/a	○	Long session wait time threshold in seconds
_hang_lws_file_count	n/a	○	Number of trace files for long waiting sessions
_hang_lws_file_space_limit	n/a	○	File space limit for current long waiting session trace file
_hang_monitor_archiving_related_hang_interval	n/a	○	Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after verification
_hang_msg_checksum_enabled	○	○	enable hang graph message checksum
_hang_resolution	○	n/a	Hang Management hang resolution
_hang_resolution_allow_archiving_issue_termination	n/a	○	Hang Management hang resolution allow archiving issue termination
_hang_resolution_confidence_promotion	n/a	○	Hang Management hang resolution confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_global_hang_confidence_promotion	n/a	○	Hang Management hang resolution global hang confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_policy	n/a	○	Hang Management hang resolution policy
_hang_resolution_promote_process_termination	n/a	○	Hang Management hang resolution promote process termination
_hang_resolution_scope	n/a	○	Hang Management hang resolution scope
_hang_signature_list_match_output_frequency	n/a	○	Hang Signature List matched output frequency
_hang_statistics_collection_interval	n/a	○	Hang Management statistics collection interval in seconds
_hang_statistics_collection_ma_alpha	n/a	○	Hang Management statistics collection moving average alpha
_hang_statistics_high_io_percentage_threshold	n/a	○	Hang Management statistics high IO percentage threshold
_hang_terminate_session_replay_enabled	n/a	○	Hang Management terminates sessions allowing replay
_hang_verification_interval	n/a	○	Hang Management verification interval in seconds
_hard_protection	○	○	if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
_hash_join_enabled	○	○	enable/disable hash join
_hash_multiblock_io_count	○	○	number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
_hashops_prefetch_size	n/a	○	maximum no of rows whose relevant memory locations are prefetched
_hb_redo_msg_interval	n/a	○	BOC HB redo message interval in ms
_heatmap_format_1block	n/a	○	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_heatmap_min_maxsize	n/a	○	Internal testing only
_heur_deadlock_resolution_secs	○	○	the heuristic wait time per node for deadlock resolution
_high_priority_process_num_yields_before_sleep	○	n/a	the number of yields performed by high priority processesbefore they sleep
_high_priority_processes	○	○	High Priority Process Name Mask
_high_server_threshold	○	○	high server thresholds
_highres_drift_allowed_sec	n/a	○	allowed highres timer drift for VKTM
_highthreshold_undoretention	n/a	○	high threshold undo_retention in seconds
_hj_bit_filter_threshold	○	○	hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
_hm_analysis_oradebug_node_dump_level	○	n/a	the oradebug node dump level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_analysis_oradebug_sys_dump_level	○	○	the oradebug system state level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_analysis_output_disk	○	n/a	if TRUE the hang manager outputs hang analysis results to disk
_hm_enable_user_app_checks	○	n/a	Hang Management user application checks
_hm_log_incidents	○	n/a	Hang Manager incident logging
_hm_long_wait_time_threshold	○	n/a	Long session wait time threshold in seconds
_hm_verification_interval	○	n/a	the hang manager verification interval
_hm_xm_enabled	n/a	○	If TRUE, DIA0 allows message exchanges across DB/ASM boundary
_hwm_sync_threshold	○	○	HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
_idl_conventional_index_maintenance	○	○	enable conventional index maintenance for insert direct load
_idle_session_kill_enabled	○	○	enables or disables resource manager session idle limit checks
_idxrb_rowincr	○	○	proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index rebuild
_ignore_desc_in_index	○	○	ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending anyhow
_ignore_edition_enabled_for_EV_creation	n/a	○	ignore schema's edition-enabled status during EV creation
_ignore_fg_deps	○	○	ignore fine-grain dependencies during invalidation
_ilm_mem_limit	n/a	○	percentage of the max shared pool heat-map can use - internal
_ilmflush_stat_limit	n/a	○	ILM flush statistics limit - Internal testing only
_ilmset_stat_limit	n/a	○	ILM set statistics limit - Internal testing only
_ilmstat_memlimit	n/a	○	Percentage of shared pool for use by ILM Statistics
_image_redo_gen_delay	n/a	○	Image redo generation delay in centi-seconds (direct write mode)
_immediate_commit_propagation	○	○	if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
_improved_outerjoin_card	○	○	improved outer-join cardinality calculation
_improved_row_length_enabled	○	○	enable the improvements for computing the average row length
_imr_active	○	○	Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
_imr_avoid_double_voting	○	○	Avoid device voting for CSS reconfig during IMR
_imr_controlfile_access_wait_time	n/a	○	IMR controlfile access wait time in seconds
_imr_device_type	○	○	Type of device to be used by IMR
_imr_disk_voting_interval	○	○	Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
_imr_diskvote_implementation	n/a	○	IMR disk voting implementation method
_imr_evicted_member_kill	○	○	IMR issue evicted member kill after a wait
_imr_evicted_member_kill_wait	○	○	IMR evicted member kill wait time in seconds
_imr_extra_reconfig_wait	n/a	○	Extra reconfiguration wait in seconds
_imr_highload_threshold	○	○	IMR system highload threshold
_imr_max_reconfig_delay	○	○	Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
_imr_rr_holder_kill_time	n/a	○	IMR max time instance is allowed to hold RR lock in seconds
_imr_splitbrain_res_wait	○	○	Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
_imr_systemload_check	○	○	Perform the system load check during IMR
_imu_pools	○	○	in memory undo pools
_in_memory_tbs_search	○	○	FALSE - disable fast path for alter tablespace read only
_in_memory_undo	○	○	Make in memory undo for top level transactions
_incremental_recovery_ckpt_min_batch	○	○	Minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every 3 sec	minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every second
_index_join_enabled	○	○	enable the use of index joins
_index_load_buf_oltp_sacrifice_pct	n/a	○	index load buf oltp sacrifice pct
_index_load_buf_oltp_under_pct	n/a	○	index load buf and comp oltp under-estimation pct
_index_max_inc_trans_pct	n/a	○	max itl expand percentage soft limit during index insert
_index_partition_large_extents	n/a	○	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned indices
_index_prefetch_factor	○	○	index prefetching factor
_index_scan_check_skip_corrupt	○	○	check and skip corrupt blocks during index scans
_index_scan_check_stopkey	n/a	○	check stopkey during index range scans
_init_granule_interval	○	○	number of granules to process for deferred cache
_init_sql_file	○	○	File containing SQL statements to execute upon database creation
_inject_startup_fault	○	○	inject fault in the startup code
_inline_sql_in_plsql	○	○	inline SQL in PL/SQL
_inplace_update_retry	n/a	○	inplace update retry for ora1551
_inquiry_retry_interval	○	○	if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified interval
_insert_enable_hwm_brokered	○	○	during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
_inst_locking_period	○	○	period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1 bitmap
_interconnect_checksum	○	○	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
_intrapart_pdml_enabled	○	○	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
_intrapart_pdml_randomlocal_enabled	○	○	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random local dist
_io_internal_test	n/a	○	I/O internal testing parameter
_io_osd_param	n/a	○	OSD specific parameter
_io_outlier_threshold	n/a	○	Latency threshold for io_outlier table
_io_resource_manager_always_on	○	○	io resource manager always on
_io_shared_pool_size	○	○	Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
_io_slaves_disabled	○	○	Do not use I/O slaves
_io_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, ksfd I/O statistics are collected
_iocalibrate_init_ios	n/a	○	iocalibrate init I/Os per process
_iocalibrate_max_ios	n/a	○	iocalibrate max I/Os per process
_ioq_fanin_multiplier	○	○	IOQ miss count before a miss exception
_ior_serialize_fault	○	○	inject fault in the ior serialize code
_iorm_tout	○	○	IORM scheduler timeout value in msec
_ioslave_batch_count	○	○	Per attempt IOs picked
_ioslave_issue_count	○	○	IOs issued before completion check
_ipc_fail_network	○	○	Simulate cluster network failer
_ipc_test_failover	○	○	Test transparent cluster network failover
_ipc_test_mult_nets	○	○	simulate multiple cluster networks
_ipddb_enable	n/a	○	Enable IPD/DB data collection
_job_queue_interval	○	○	Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
_k2q_latches	○	○	number of k2q latches
_ka_allow_reenable	n/a	○	reenability of kernel accelerator service after disable
_ka_compatibility_requirement	n/a	○	kernel accelerator compatibility operation requirement
_ka_doorbell	n/a	○	kernel accelerator doorbell mode
_ka_locks_per_sector	n/a	○	locks per sector in kernel accelerator
_ka_mode	n/a	○	kernel accelerator mode
_ka_msg_reap_count	n/a	○	maximum number of KA messages to receive and process per wait
_ka_pbatch_messages	n/a	○	kernel accelerator perform pbatch messages
_kcfis_automem_level	n/a	○	Set auto memory management control for kcfis memory allocation
_kcfis_block_dump_level	n/a	○	Smart IO block dump level
_kcfis_caching_enabled	○	○	enable kcfis intra-scan session caching
_kcfis_cell_passthru_dataonly	n/a	○	Allow dataonly passthru for smart scan
_kcfis_cell_passthru_enabled	n/a	○	Do not perform smart IO filtering on the cell
_kcfis_cell_passthru_fromcpu_enabled	n/a	○	Enable automatic passthru mode when cell CPU util is too high
_kcfis_celloflsrv_passthru_enabled	n/a	○	Enable offload server usage for passthru operations
_kcfis_celloflsrv_usage_enabled	n/a	○	Enable offload server usage for offload operations
_kcfis_control1	○	○	Kcfis control1
_kcfis_control2	○	○	Kcfis control2
_kcfis_control3	○	○	Kcfis control3
_kcfis_control4	○	○	Kcfis control4
_kcfis_control5	○	○	Kcfis control5
_kcfis_control6	○	○	Kcfis control6
_kcfis_disable_platform_decryption	n/a	○	Don't use platform-specific decryption on the storage cell
_kcfis_dump_corrupt_block	n/a	○	Dump any corrupt blocks found during smart IO
_kcfis_fast_response_enabled	n/a	○	Enable smart scan optimization for fast response (first rows)
_kcfis_fast_response_initiosize	n/a	○	Fast response - The size of the first IO in logical blocks
_kcfis_fast_response_iosizemult	n/a	○	Fast response - (next IO size = current IO size * this parameter)
_kcfis_fast_response_threshold	n/a	○	Fast response - the number of IOs after which smartIO is used
_kcfis_fault_control	○	○	trace level setting for KCFIS module	Fault Injection Control
_kcfis_io_prefetch_size	n/a	○	Smart IO prefetch size for a cell
_kcfis_ioreqs_throttle_enabled	n/a	○	Enable Smart IO requests throttling
_kcfis_kept_in_cellfc_enabled	n/a	○	Enable usage of cellsrv flash cache for kept objects
_kcfis_large_payload_enabled	n/a	○	enable large payload to be passed to cellsrv
_kcfis_max_cached_sessions	○	○	Sets the maximum number of kcfis sessions cached
_kcfis_max_out_translations	n/a	○	Sets the maximum number of outstanding translations in kcfis
_kcfis_metadata_io_write_enabled	○	n/a	enables writes that combine metadata and IO requests
_kcfis_nonkept_in_cellfc_enabled	n/a	○	Enable use of cellsrv flash cache for non-kept objects
_kcfis_oss_io_size	○	○	KCFIS OSS I/O size
_kcfis_qm_prioritize_sys_plan	n/a	○	Prioritize Quaranitine Manager system plan
_kcfis_qm_user_plan_name	n/a	○	Quaranitine Manager user plan name
_kcfis_rdbms_blockio_enabled	n/a	○	Use block IO instead of smart IO in the smart IO module on RDBMS
_kcfis_read_buffer_limit	○	○	KCFIS Read Buffer (per session) memory limit in bytes
_kcfis_reuse_any_cached_enabled	○	n/a	enable kcfis reuse of a kcfis caching entry with key mismatch
_kcfis_spawn_debugger	n/a	○	Decides whether to spawn the debugger at kcfis initialize
_kcfis_stats_level	○	○	sets kcfis stats level
_kcfis_storageidx_diag_mode	n/a	○	Debug mode for storage index on the cell
_kcfis_storageidx_disabled	n/a	○	Don't use storage index optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_test_control1	n/a	○	kcfis tst control1
_kcfis_trace_bucket_size	n/a	○	KCFIS tracing bucket size in bytes
_kcfis_trace_level	○	n/a	sets kcfis tracing level
_kcfis_work_set_appliances	○	n/a	Working Set of appliances in a KCFIS session
_kcl_commit	○	○	if TRUE, call kjbcommit
_kcl_conservative_log_flush	○	○	if TRUE, conservatively log flush before CR serving
_kcl_debug	○	○	if TRUE, record le history
_kcl_index_split	○	○	if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
_kd_symtab_chk	n/a	○	enable or disable symbol table integrity block check
_kdbl_enable_post_allocation	○	○	allocate dbas after populating data buffers
_kdi_avoid_block_checking	○	○	avoid index block checking on sensitive opcodes
_kdic_segarr_sz	n/a	○	size threshold for segmented arrays for seg_info_kdicctx
_kdis_reject_level	n/a	○	b+tree level to enable rejection limit
_kdis_reject_limit	n/a	○	#block rejections in space reclamation before segment extension
_kdis_reject_ops	n/a	○	enable rejection heuristic for branch splits
_kdizoltp_uncompsentinal_freq	n/a	○	kdizoltp uncomp sentinal frequency
_kdlf_read_flag	n/a	○	kdlf read flag
_kdli_STOP_bsz	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_dba	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_fsz	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_nio	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_tsn	○	○	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_allow_corrupt	○	○	allow corrupt filesystem_logging data blocks during read/write
_kdli_buffer_inject	○	○	use buffer injection for CACHE [NO]LOGGING lobs
_kdli_cache_inode	○	○	cache inode state across calls
_kdli_cache_read_threshold	○	○	minimum lob size for cache->nocache read (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cache_size	○	○	maximum #entries in inode cache
_kdli_cache_verify	○	○	verify cached inode via deserialization
_kdli_cache_write_threshold	○	○	minimum lob size for cache->nocache write (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cacheable_length	○	○	minimum lob length for inode cacheability
_kdli_checkpoint_flush	○	○	do not invalidate cache buffers after write
_kdli_dbc	n/a	○	override db_block_checking setting for securefiles
_kdli_delay_flushes	○	○	delay flushing cache writes to direct-write lobs
_kdli_descn_adj	n/a	○	coalesce extents with deallocation scn adjustment
_kdli_flush_cache_reads	○	○	flush cache-reads data blocks after load
_kdli_flush_injections	○	○	flush injected buffers of CACHE NOLOGGING lobs before commit
_kdli_force_cr	○	○	force CR when reading data blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_cr_meta	○	○	force CR when reading metadata blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_storage	○	○	force storage settings for all lobs
_kdli_full_readahead_threshold	○	○	maximum lob size for full readahead
_kdli_inject_assert	○	○	inject asserts into the inode
_kdli_inject_batch	○	○	buffer injection batch size [1, KCBNEWMAX]
_kdli_inject_crash	○	○	inject crashes into the inode
_kdli_inline_xfm	○	○	allow inline transformed lobs
_kdli_inode_preference	○	○	inline inode evolution preference (data, headless, lhb)
_kdli_inplace_overwrite	n/a	○	maximum inplace overwrite size (> chunksize)
_kdli_itree_entries	○	○	#entries in lhb/itree blocks (for testing only)
_kdli_memory_protect	○	○	trace accesses to inode memory outside kdli API functions
_kdli_mts_so	n/a	○	use state objects in shared server for asyncIO pipelines
_kdli_oneblk	n/a	○	allocate chunks as single blocks
_kdli_preallocation_mode	n/a	○	preallocation mode for lob growth
_kdli_preallocation_pct	n/a	○	percentage preallocation [0 .. inf) for lob growth
_kdli_ralc_length	n/a	○	lob length threshold to trigger rounded allocations
_kdli_ralc_rounding	n/a	○	rounding granularity for rounded allocations
_kdli_rci_lobmap_entries	○	○	#entries in RCI lobmap before migration to lhb
_kdli_readahead_limit	○	○	shared/cached IO readahead limit
_kdli_readahead_strategy	○	○	shared/cached IO readahead strategy
_kdli_recent_scn	○	○	use recent (not dependent) scns for block format/allocation
_kdli_reshape	○	○	reshape an inode to inline or headless on length truncation
_kdli_safe_callbacks	○	○	invoke inode read/write callbacks safely
_kdli_sio_async	○	○	asynchronous shared IO
_kdli_sio_backoff	○	○	use exponential backoff when attempting SIOP allocations
_kdli_sio_bps	○	○	maximum blocks per IO slot
_kdli_sio_dop	○	○	degree-of-parallelism in the SIO keep pool
_kdli_sio_fbwrite_pct	n/a	○	percentage of buffer used for direct writes in flashback-db
_kdli_sio_fgio	○	○	reap asynchronous IO in the foreground
_kdli_sio_fileopen	○	○	shared IO fileopen mode: datasync vs nodatasync vs async
_kdli_sio_flush	○	○	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_free	○	○	free IO buffers when not in active use
_kdli_sio_min_read	○	○	shared IO pool read threshold
_kdli_sio_min_write	○	○	shared IO pool write threshold
_kdli_sio_nbufs	○	○	maximum #IO buffers to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_niods	○	○	maximum #IO descriptors to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_on	○	○	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_pga	○	○	use PGA allocations for direct IO
_kdli_sio_pga_top	○	○	PGA allocations come from toplevel PGA heap
_kdli_sio_strategy	○	○	shared IO strategy: block vs. extent
_kdli_sio_write_pct	n/a	○	percentage of buffer used for direct writes
_kdli_small_cache_limit	○	○	size limit of small inode cache
_kdli_sort_dbas	○	○	sort dbas during chunkification
_kdli_space_cache_limit	○	○	maximum size of the space cache in #blocks
_kdli_squeeze	○	○	compact lobmap extents with contiguous dbas
_kdli_timer_dmp	○	○	dump inode timers on session termination
_kdli_timer_trc	○	○	trace inode timers to uts/tracefile
_kdli_trace	○	○	inode trace level
_kdli_vll_direct	n/a	○	use skip-navigation and direct-positioning in vll-domain
_kdlu_max_bucket_size	○	○	UTS kdlu bucket size
_kdlu_max_bucket_size_mts	○	○	UTS kdlu bucket size for mts
_kdlu_trace_layer	○	○	UTS kdlu per-layer trace level
_kdlu_trace_session	○	n/a	UTS session dump
_kdlu_trace_system	○	○	UTS system dump
_kdlw_enable_ksi_locking	○	○	enable ksi locking for lobs
_kdlw_enable_write_gathering	○	○	enable lob write gathering for sql txns
_kdlwp_flush_threshold	○	○	WGC flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_cmp_subunit_size	○	○	size of compression sub-unit in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_flush_threshold	○	○	deduplication flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_hash_algo	○	○	secure hash algorithm for deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_dedup_inl_pctfree	○	○	deduplication pct size increase by which inlining avoided
_kdlxp_dedup_prefix_threshold	○	○	deduplication prefix hash threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_wapp_len	n/a	○	deduplication length to allow write-append
_kdlxp_lobcmpadp	n/a	○	enable adaptive compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobcmplevel	n/a	○	Default securefile compression
_kdlxp_lobcmprciver	n/a	○	Default securefile compression map version
_kdlxp_lobcompress	○	○	enable lob compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdeduplicate	○	○	enable lob deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdedupvalidate	○	○	enable deduplicate validate - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobencrypt	○	○	enable lob encryption - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmp	○	○	minimum comp ratio in pct - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmplen	n/a	○	minimum loblen to compress - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_minxfm_size	○	○	minimum transformation size in bytes
_kdlxp_spare1	○	○	deduplication spare 1
_kdlxp_uncmp	n/a	○	lob data uncompressed - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_xfmcache	○	○	enable xfm cache - only on SecureFiles
_kdt_buffering	○	○	control kdt buffering for conventional inserts
_kdtgsp_retries	n/a	○	max number of retries in kdtgsp if space returns same block
_kdu_array_depth	○	○	array update retry recursion depth limits
_kdz_hcc_flags	n/a	○	Miscellaneous HCC flags
_kdz_hcc_track_upd_rids	n/a	○	Enable rowid tracking during updates
_kdz_pred_nrows	n/a	○	Number of rows to predicate at a time in kdzt
_kdz_proj_nrows	n/a	○	Number of rows to project at a time in kdzt
_kebm_nstrikes	○	○	kebm # strikes to auto suspend an action
_kebm_suspension_time	○	○	kebm auto suspension time in seconds
_kecap_cache_size	n/a	○	Workload Replay INTERNAL parameter used to set memory usage in Application Replay
_keep_remote_column_size	○	○	remote column size does not get modified
_kernel_message_network_driver	○	○	kernel message network driver
_kes_parse_model	n/a	○	SQL Tune/SPA KES Layer Parse Model control parameter
_kffmap_hash_size	○	○	size of kffmap_hash table
_kffmlk_hash_size	n/a	○	size of kffmlk_hash table
_kffmop_chunks	n/a	○	number of chunks of kffmop's
_kffmop_hash_size	○	○	size of kffmop_hash table
_kfm_disable_set_fence	○	○	disable set fence calls and revert to default (process fence)
_kghdsidx_count	○	○	max kghdsidx count
_kgl_bucket_count	○	○	index to the bucket count array	Library cache hash table bucket count (2^_kgl_bucket_count * 256)
_kgl_cap_hd_alo_stacks	n/a	○	capture stacks for library cache handle allocation
_kgl_cluster_lock	n/a	○	Library cache support for cluster lock
_kgl_cluster_lock_read_mostly	n/a	○	Library cache support for cluster lock read mostly optimization
_kgl_cluster_pin	n/a	○	Library cache support for cluster pins
_kgl_debug	○	○	Library cache debugging
_kgl_features_enabled	○	n/a	Library cache features enabled bits
_kgl_fixed_extents	○	○	fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
_kgl_hash_collision	○	○	whether KGL hash collision is possible	Library cache name hash collision possible
_kgl_heap_size	○	○	extent size for library cache heap 0
_kgl_hot_object_copies	n/a	○	Number of copies for the hot object
_kgl_kqr_cap_so_stacks	○	○	capture stacks for library and row cache state objects
_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold	○	○	maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the alert log
_kgl_latch_count	○	○	number of library cache latches
_kgl_message_locks	○	○	RAC message lock count
_kgl_min_cached_so_count	○	○	Minimum cached SO count. If > 1 can help find SO corruptions
_kgl_multi_instance_invalidation	○	n/a	whether KGL to support multi-instance invalidations
_kgl_multi_instance_lock	○	n/a	whether KGL to support multi-instance locks
_kgl_multi_instance_pin	○	n/a	whether KGL to support multi-instance pins
_kgl_mutex_wait_time	○	n/a	KGL mutex wait time
_kgl_so_stack_depth	○	n/a	The depth of the stack capture for SO get or free
_kgl_time_to_wait_for_locks	○	○	time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
_kglsim_maxmem_percent	○	○	max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL advice
_kgsb_threshold_size	○	○	threshold size for base allocator
_kgx_latches	○	○	# of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
_kgx_spin_count	○	n/a	third spare parameter - integer
_kill_controlfile_enqueue_blocker	○	○	enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
_kill_diagnostics_timeout	○	○	timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
_kill_enqueue_blocker	○	○	if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
_kill_java_threads_on_eoc	○	○	Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end of call
_kill_session_dump	○	○	Process dump on kill session immediate
_kjac_force_outcome_current_session	n/a	○	if TRUE, enable to run force outcome on the current session
_kjdd_call_stack_dump_enabled	n/a	○	Enables printing of short call stack with the WFG
_kjdd_wfg_dump_cntrl	n/a	○	To control the way Wait-For_Graph is dumped
_kjltmaxgt	n/a	○	record latch requests that takes longer than this many us
_kjltmaxht	n/a	○	record latch reqeust that are held longer than this many us
_kjlton	n/a	○	track DLM latch usage on/off
_kkdlgon_max_iter	○	n/a	kkdlgon maximum number of iterations
_kkfi_trace	○	○	trace expression substitution
_kks_free_cursor_stat_pct	○	○	percentage of cursor stats buckets to scan on each load, in 1/10th of a percent
_kks_use_mutex_pin	○	n/a	Turning on this will make KKS use mutex for cursor pins.
_kokli_cache_size	○	○	Size limit of Materialized View and Object Table Lookup Cache	Size limit of ADT Table Lookup Cache
_kokln_current_read	n/a	○	Make all LOB reads for this session 'current' reads
_kolfuseslf	○	○	allow kolf to use slffopen
_kqdsn_max_instance_bits	n/a	○	maximum bits used for instance value in sequence partition
_kqdsn_min_instance_bits	n/a	○	minimum bits used for instance value in sequence partition
_kqdsn_partition_ratio	n/a	○	ratio of instance to session bits in sequence partition
_kql_subheap_trace	○	○	tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
_kqr_optimistic_reads	n/a	○	optimistic reading of row cache objects
_ksb_restart_clean_time	○	○	process uptime for restarts
_ksb_restart_policy_times	○	○	process restart policy times in seconds
_ksd_test_param	○	○	KSD test parmeter
_ksdx_charset_ratio	○	○	ratio between the system and oradebug character set
_ksdxdocmd_default_timeout_ms	○	○	default timeout for internal oradebug commands
_ksdxdocmd_enabled	○	○	if TRUE ksdxdocmd* invocations are enabled
_ksdxw_cini_flg	○	○	ksdxw context initialization flag
_ksdxw_nbufs	○	○	ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
_ksdxw_num_pgw	○	○	number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
_ksdxw_num_sgw	○	○	number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
_ksdxw_stack_depth	○	○	number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint is hit
_kse_die_timeout	○	○	amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in centi-secs)
_kse_pc_table_size	○	○	kse pc table cache size
_kse_signature_entries	○	○	number of entries in the kse stack signature cache
_kse_signature_limit	○	○	number of stack frames to cache per kse signature
_kse_snap_ring_record_stack	n/a	○	should error snap ring entries show a short stack trace
_kse_snap_ring_size	○	○	ring buffer to debug internal error 17090
_kse_trace_int_msg_clear	n/a	○	enables soft assert of KGECLEAERERROR is cleares an interrupt message
_ksfd_verify_write	○	○	verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
_ksi_clientlocks_enabled	○	○	if TRUE, DLM-clients can provide the lock memory
_ksi_trace	○	○	KSI trace string of lock type(s)
_ksi_trace_bucket	○	○	memory tracing: use ksi-private or rdbms-shared bucket
_ksi_trace_bucket_size	○	○	size of the KSI trace bucket
_ksipc_libipc_path	n/a	○	over-ride default location of libipc
_ksipc_mode	n/a	○	ksipc mode
_ksipc_spare_param1	n/a	○	ksipc spare param 1
_ksipc_spare_param2	n/a	○	ksipc spare param 2
_ksipc_wait_flags	n/a	○	tune ksipcwait
_ksm_post_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	n/a	○	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (post)
_ksm_pre_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	n/a	○	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (pre)
_ksmb_debug	○	○	ksmb debug flags
_ksmd_protect_mode	○	○	KSMD protect mode for catching stale access
_ksmg_granule_locking_status	○	○	granule locking status
_ksmg_granule_size	○	○	granule size in bytes
_ksmg_lock_check_interval	○	○	timeout action interval in minutes
_ksmg_lock_reacquire_count	○	○	repeat count for acquisition of locks
_ksmlsaf	n/a	○	KSM log alloc and free
_kspol_tac_timeout	○	○	timeouts for TAC registerd by kspol
_ksr_unit_test_processes	○	○	number of ksr unit test processes
_kss_callstack_type	n/a	○	state object callstack trace type
_kss_quiet	○	○	if TRUE access violations during kss dumps are not recorded
_ksu_diag_kill_time	○	○	number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
_ksuitm_addon_trccmd	○	○	command to execute when dead processes don't go away
_ksuitm_dont_kill_dumper	○	○	delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
_ksv_dynamic_flags1	n/a	○	ksv dynamic flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksv_max_spawn_fail_limit	○	○	bg slave spawn failure limit
_ksv_pool_hang_kill_to	○	○	bg slave pool terminate timeout
_ksv_pool_wait_timeout	○	○	bg slave pool wait limit
_ksv_slave_exit_timeout	n/a	○	slave exit timeout
_ksv_spawn_control_all	○	○	control all spawning of background slaves
_ksv_static_flags1	n/a	○	ksv static flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksvppktmode	○	○	ksv internal pkt test
_ksxp_compat_flags	n/a	○	ksxp compat flags
_ksxp_control_flags	n/a	○	modify ksxp behavior
_ksxp_diagmode	○	○	set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
_ksxp_disable_clss	n/a	○	disable CLSS interconnects
_ksxp_disable_dynamic_loading	○	○	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_disable_ipc_stats	○	○	disable ipc statistics
_ksxp_disable_rolling_migration	○	○	disable possibility of starting rolling migration
_ksxp_dump_timeout	n/a	○	set timeout for kjzddmp request
_ksxp_dynamic_skgxp_param	○	○	dynamic skgxp parameters
_ksxp_if_config	n/a	○	ksxp if config flags
_ksxp_init_stats_bkts	○	○	initial number arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_lwipc_enabled	n/a	○	enable lwipc for KSXP
_ksxp_max_stats_bkts	○	○	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_ping_enable	○	○	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_ping_polling_time	○	○	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_reaping	○	○	tune ksxp layer reaping limit
_ksxp_reporting_process	○	○	reporting process for KSXP
_ksxp_send_timeout	○	○	set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance IPC
_ksxp_skgxp_ant_options	n/a	○	SKGXP ANT options
_ksxp_skgxp_compat_library_path	○	○	over-ride default location of lib skgxp compat
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1	○	○	IPC debug options flags (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	○	○	IPC debug options flags mask (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	○	○	IPC protocol override (RAC) (0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,!0x1000=ipc_X)
_ksxp_skgxp_inets	n/a	○	limit SKGXP networks
_ksxp_skgxp_library_path	○	○	over-ride default location of lib skgxp
_ksxp_skgxp_rgn_ports	n/a	○	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param1	n/a	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 1
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param2	n/a	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 2
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param3	n/a	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 3
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param4	n/a	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 4
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param5	n/a	○	ipc ksxp spare parameter 5
_ksxp_skgxpg_last_parameter	n/a	○	last defined skgxpg parameter - ksxp
_ksxp_stats_mem_lmt	○	○	limit ipc statistics memory. this parameter is a percentage value
_ksxp_testing	○	○	KSXP test parameter
_ksxp_unit_test_byte_transformation	○	○	enable byte transformation unit test
_ksxp_wait_flags	n/a	○	tune ksxpwait
_ktb_debug_flags	○	○	ktb-layer debug flags
_ktc_control	○	n/a	for ktc debug
_ktc_debug	n/a	○	for ktc debug
_ktc_latches	○	○	number of ktc latches
_ktilmsc_exp	n/a	○	expiration time of ktilm segment cache (in second)
_ktslj_segext_max_mb	n/a	○	segment pre-extension max size in MB (0: unlimited)
_ktslj_segext_retry	n/a	○	segment pre-extension retry
_ktslj_segext_warning	○	○	segment pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktslj_segext_warning_mb	n/a	○	segment pre-extension warning threshold in MB
_ktspsrch_maxsc	○	○	maximum segments supported by space search cache
_ktspsrch_maxskip	n/a	○	space search cache rejection skip upper limit
_ktspsrch_scchk	n/a	○	cleanout check time of space search cache
_ktspsrch_scexp	n/a	○	expiration time of space search cache
_ktst_rss_max	n/a	○	maximum temp extents to be released across instance
_ktst_rss_min	n/a	○	minimum temp extents to be released across instance
_ktst_rss_retry	n/a	○	maximum retries of sort segment release
_kttext_warning	○	○	tablespace pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktu_latches	○	○	number of KTU latches
_ku_trace	○	○	datapump trace parameter
_kxdbio_ctx_init_count	n/a	○	initial count of KXDBIO state object
_kxdbio_disable_offload_opcode	n/a	○	KXDBIO Disable offload for the set opcodes. Value is a Bitmap of 0x00000001 - disable cell to cell data copy offload 0x00000002 - disable disk scrubbing offload to cell 0 x00000004 - disable offloaded writes to cell
_kxdbio_enable_ds_opcode	n/a	○	KXDBIO Enable Dumb storage simulation for the set opcodes.
_kxdbio_hca_loadavg_thresh	n/a	○	HCA loadavg threshold at which writes need to get offloaded
_kxdbio_ut_ctl	n/a	○	kxdbio unit test controls
_large_pool_min_alloc	○	○	minimum allocation size in bytes for the large allocation pool
_last_allocation_period	○	○	period over which an instance can retain an active level1 bitmap
_latch_class_0	○	○	latch class 0
_latch_class_1	○	○	latch class 1
_latch_class_2	○	○	latch class 2
_latch_class_3	○	○	latch class 3
_latch_class_4	○	○	latch class 4
_latch_class_5	○	○	latch class 5
_latch_class_6	○	○	latch class 6
_latch_class_7	○	○	latch class 7
_latch_classes	○	○	latch classes override
_latch_miss_stat_sid	○	○	Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
_latch_recovery_alignment	○	n/a	align latch recovery structures
_latch_wait_list_pri_sleep_secs	n/a	○	Time to sleep on latch wait list until getting priority
_ldr_io_size	○	○	size of write IOs used during a load operation
_ldr_io_size2	n/a	○	size of write IOs used during a load operation of EHCC with HWMB
_ldr_pga_lim	n/a	○	pga limit, beyond which new partition loads are delayed
_ldr_tempseg_threshold	n/a	○	amount to buffer prior to allocating temp segment (extent sizing)
_left_nested_loops_random	○	○	enable random distribution method for left of nestedloops
_lgwr_async_broadcasts	○	n/a	LGWR Asynchronous Broadcasts enabling boolean flag
_lgwr_delay_write	○	○	LGWR write delay for debugging
_lgwr_io_outlier	n/a	○	LGWR I/O outlier frequency
_lgwr_io_slaves	○	○	LGWR I/O slaves
_lgwr_max_ns_wt	○	○	Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to progress
_lgwr_ns_nl_max	○	○	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_nl_min	○	○	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_sim_err	○	○	Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
_lgwr_posts_for_pending_bcasts	n/a	○	LGWR posts commit waiters for pending broadcasts
_lgwr_ta_sim_err	○	○	Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
_library_cache_advice	○	○	whether KGL advice should be turned on
_lightweight_hdrs	○	○	Lightweight headers for redo
_like_with_bind_as_equality	○	○	treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
_limit_itls	n/a	○	limit the number of ITLs in OLTP Compressed Tables
_linux_prepage_large_pages	n/a	○	prepage large pages during allocation on Linux
_lm_activate_lms_threshold	○	○	threshold value to activate an additional lms
_lm_asm_enq_hashing	○	○	if TRUE makes ASM use enqueue master hashing for fusion locks
_lm_batch_compression_threshold	n/a	○	GES threshold to start compression on batch messages
_lm_better_ddvictim	○	○	GES better deadlock victim
_lm_big_cluster_optimizations	n/a	○	enable certain big cluster optimizations in drm
_lm_broadcast_res	n/a	○	Enable broadcast of highest held mode of resource.
_lm_broadcast_resname	n/a	○	Trace string of resource type(s)
_lm_cache_allocated_res_ratio	n/a	○	ratio of cached over allocated resources
_lm_cache_lvl0_cleanup	○	○	how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
_lm_cache_res_cleanup	○	○	percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
_lm_cache_res_cleanup_tries	n/a	○	max number of batches of cached resources to free per cleanup
_lm_cache_res_options	n/a	○	ges resource cache options
_lm_cache_res_skip_cleanup	n/a	○	multiple of iniital res cache below which cleanup is skipped
_lm_cache_res_type	○	○	cache resource: string of lock types(s)
_lm_checksum_batch_msg	○	○	GES checksum batch messages
_lm_comm_channel	n/a	○	GES communication channel type
_lm_comm_msgq_busywait	n/a	○	busy wait time in microsecond for msgq
_lm_comm_reap_count	n/a	○	message reap count for receive
_lm_comm_tkts_add_factor	n/a	○	Ticket allocation addition factor
_lm_comm_tkts_calc_period_length	n/a	○	Weighted average calculation interval length (second)
_lm_comm_tkts_max_periods	n/a	○	Max number of periods used in weighted avearage calculation
_lm_comm_tkts_min_decrease_wait	n/a	○	Time to wait before allowing an allocation decrease
_lm_comm_tkts_min_increase_wait	n/a	○	Time to wait before allowing an allocation increase
_lm_comm_tkts_mult_factor	n/a	○	Ticket allocation multiplication factor
_lm_comm_tkts_nullreq_threshold	n/a	○	Null request frequency threshold (percentage)
_lm_compression_scheme	n/a	○	GES compression scheme
_lm_contiguous_res_count	○	○	number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same HV bucket
_lm_dd_ignore_nodd	n/a	○	if TRUE nodeadlockwait/nodeadlockblock options are ignored
_lm_dd_interval	○	○	dd time interval in seconds
_lm_dd_max_search_time	○	○	max dd search time per token
_lm_dd_maxdump	○	○	max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation
_lm_dd_scan_interval	○	○	dd scan interval in seconds
_lm_dd_search_cnt	○	○	number of dd search per token get
_lm_deferred_msg_timeout	n/a	○	deferred message timeout
_lm_drm_batch_time	n/a	○	time in seconds to wait to batch drm requests
_lm_drm_disable	n/a	○	disable drm in different level
_lm_drm_hiload_percentage	n/a	○	drm high load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_lowload_percentage	n/a	○	drm low load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_max_requests	○	○	dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed together
_lm_drm_min_interval	n/a	○	minimum interval in secs between two consecutive drms
_lm_drm_object_scan	n/a	○	enable/disable object scan to force full table scan always
_lm_drm_window	○	○	dynamic remastering bucket window size
_lm_drm_xlatch	○	○	dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
_lm_drmopt12	n/a	○	enable drm scan optimizations in 12
_lm_drmopt12_nolatch	n/a	○	enable drm latching optimizations in 12
_lm_dump_null_lock	n/a	○	dump null lock in state dump
_lm_dynamic_lms	○	○	dynamic lms invocation
_lm_dynamic_load	○	○	dynamic load adjustment
_lm_enable_aff_benefit_stats	n/a	○	enables affinity benefit computations if TRUE
_lm_enq_lock_freelist	○	○	Number of ges enqueue element freelist
_lm_enq_rcfg	○	○	if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout	○	○	enqueue blocker dump timeout
_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout_cnt	n/a	○	enqueue blocker dump timeout count
_lm_enqueue_blocker_kill_timeout	○	○	enqueue blocker kill timeout
_lm_enqueue_freelist	○	○	Number of enqueue freelist
_lm_enqueue_timeout	n/a	○	enqueue suggested min timeout in seconds
_lm_fdrm_stats	n/a	○	gather full drm statistics
_lm_file_affinity	○	○	mapping between file id and master instance number
_lm_file_read_mostly	n/a	○	mapping between read-mostly file id and master instance number
_lm_free_queue_threshold	n/a	○	GES free queue threshold
_lm_freeze_kill_time	n/a	○	timeout for killing unfrozen processes in rcfg/drm freeze step
_lm_global_posts	○	○	if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
_lm_hashtable_bkt_high	n/a	○	High element threshold in hash table bucket
_lm_hashtable_bkt_low	n/a	○	Low element threshold in hash table bucket
_lm_hashtable_bkt_thr	n/a	○	Threshold for hash table resizing
_lm_hb_acceptable_hang_condition	n/a	○	list of acceptable hang conditions in heartbeat check
_lm_hb_callstack_collect_time	n/a	○	hb diagnostic call stack collection time in seconds
_lm_hb_disable_check_list	n/a	○	list of process names to be disabled in heartbeat check
_lm_hb_enable_acl_check	n/a	○	to enable the wait analysis with acceptable condition lists
_lm_hb_exponential_hang_time_factor	n/a	○	heartbeat exponential hang time multiplier
_lm_hb_maximum_hang_report_count	n/a	○	maximum heartbeat hang report count
_lm_high_load_sysload_percentage	n/a	○	high watermark system load percentage
_lm_high_load_threshold	n/a	○	high load threshold parameter
_lm_idle_connection_check	○	○	GES idle connection check
_lm_idle_connection_check_interval	○	○	GES idle connection check interval time
_lm_idle_connection_instance_check_callout	n/a	○	GES idle connection instance check callout
_lm_idle_connection_kill	○	○	GES idle connection kill
_lm_idle_connection_kill_max_skips	n/a	○	GES idle connection max skip kill request
_lm_idle_connection_max_ignore_kill_count	n/a	○	GES maximum idle connection kill request ignore count
_lm_idle_connection_quorum_threshold	n/a	○	GES idle connection health quorum threshold
_lm_kill_fg_on_timeout	n/a	○	GES kill fg on IPC timeout
_lm_lhupd_interval	n/a	○	load and health update interval
_lm_lmd_waittime	○	○	default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
_lm_lmon_nowait_latch	○	○	if TRUE makes lmon get nowait latches with timeout loop
_lm_lms	○	○	number of background gcs server processes to start
_lm_lms_opt_priority	n/a	○	enable freeslot lms priority optimization
_lm_lms_priority_check_frequency	n/a	○	frequency of LMS priority decisions in milliseconds
_lm_lms_priority_dynamic	n/a	○	enable lms priority modification
_lm_lms_rt_threshold	n/a	○	maximum number of real time lms processes on machine
_lm_lms_spin	n/a	○	make lms not sleep
_lm_lms_waittime	○	○	default wait time for lms in centiseconds
_lm_local_hp_enq	n/a	○	use static file affinity for HP enqueue mastership
_lm_locks	○	○	number of enqueues configured for cluster database
_lm_low_load_percentage	n/a	○	low watermark percentage for load threshold
_lm_master_weight	○	○	master resource weight for this instance
_lm_max_lms	○	○	max. number of background global cache server processes
_lm_msg_batch_size	○	○	GES batch message size
_lm_msg_cleanup_interval	○	○	GES message buffer cleanup interval time
_lm_msg_pool_dump_threshold	n/a	○	GES message pool dump threshold in terms of buffer count
_lm_no_lh_check	n/a	○	skip load and health check at decision points
_lm_no_sync	n/a	○	skip reconfiguration/drm syncr/synca messaging
_lm_node_join_opt	○	○	cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
_lm_non_fault_tolerant	○	○	disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
_lm_num_bnft_stats_buckets	n/a	○	number of buckets in the benefit stats hash table
_lm_num_pt_buckets	○	○	number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
_lm_num_pt_latches	○	○	number of latches in the object affinity hash table
_lm_postevent_buffer_size	○	○	postevent buffer size
_lm_preregister_css_restype	n/a	○	enqueue type that requires pre-registration to css
_lm_proc_freeze_timeout	○	○	reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
_lm_process_batching	○	○	GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
_lm_process_lock_q_scan_limit	n/a	○	limit on scanning process lock queue instead of resource convert lock queue
_lm_procs	○	○	number of client processes configured for cluster database
_lm_psrcfg	○	○	enable pseudo reconfiguration
_lm_rac_spare_dp1	n/a	○	rac parameter dp1
_lm_rac_spare_dp10	n/a	○	rac parameter dp10
_lm_rac_spare_dp2	n/a	○	rac parameter dp2
_lm_rac_spare_dp3	n/a	○	rac parameter dp3
_lm_rac_spare_dp4	n/a	○	rac parameter dp4
_lm_rac_spare_dp5	n/a	○	rac parameter dp5
_lm_rac_spare_dp6	n/a	○	rac parameter dp6
_lm_rac_spare_dp7	n/a	○	rac parameter dp7
_lm_rac_spare_dp8	n/a	○	rac parameter dp8
_lm_rac_spare_dp9	n/a	○	rac parameter dp9
_lm_rac_spare_p1	n/a	○	rac parameter p1
_lm_rac_spare_p10	n/a	○	rac parameter p10
_lm_rac_spare_p2	n/a	○	rac parameter p2
_lm_rac_spare_p3	n/a	○	rac parameter p3
_lm_rac_spare_p4	n/a	○	rac parameter p4
_lm_rac_spare_p5	n/a	○	rac parameter p5
_lm_rac_spare_p6	n/a	○	rac parameter p6
_lm_rac_spare_p7	n/a	○	rac parameter p7
_lm_rac_spare_p8	n/a	○	rac parameter p8
_lm_rac_spare_p9	n/a	○	rac parameter p9
_lm_rcfg_timeout	○	○	Reconfiguration timeout	dlm reconfiguration timeout
_lm_rcvinst	n/a	○	designated instance to do instance recovery
_lm_rcvr_hang_allow_time	○	○	receiver hang allow time in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_cfio_kill	n/a	○	to kill receiver hang at control file IO
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_frequency	○	○	receiver hang check frequency in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_system_load	○	○	examine system load when check receiver health
_lm_rcvr_hang_kill	○	○	to kill receiver hang
_lm_rcvr_hang_systemstate_dump_level	n/a	○	systemstate dump level upon receiver hang
_lm_res_hash_bucket	○	○	number of resource hash buckets
_lm_res_part	○	○	number of resource partition configured for gcs
_lm_res_tm_hash_bucket	n/a	○	number of extra TM resource hash buckets
_lm_resend_open_convert_timeout	n/a	○	timeout in secs before resubmitting the open-convert
_lm_ress	○	○	number of resources configured for cluster database
_lm_rm_slaves	n/a	○	if non zero, it enables remastering slaves
_lm_send_mode	○	○	GES send mode
_lm_send_queue_batching	○	○	GES send queue message batching
_lm_send_queue_length	○	○	GES send queue maximum length
_lm_sendproxy_reserve	○	○	GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
_lm_share_lock_opt	○	○	if TRUE enables share lock optimization
_lm_single_inst_affinity_lock	n/a	○	enable single instance affinity lock optimization
_lm_spare_threads	n/a	○	number of spare threads to be created by the GPnP master
_lm_spare_undo	n/a	○	number of spare undo tablespaces to be created by GPnP master
_lm_sq_batch_factor	○	○	GES send queue minimum batching factor
_lm_sq_batch_type	○	○	GES send queue batching mechanism
_lm_sq_batch_waittick	○	○	GES send queue batching waittime in tick
_lm_sync_timeout	○	○	Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
_lm_ticket_active_sendback	○	○	Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
_lm_tickets	○	○	GES messaging tickets
_lm_tx_delta	○	○	TX lock localization delta
_lm_use_gcr	n/a	○	use GCR module if TRUE
_lm_use_new_defmsgtmo_action	n/a	○	use new defered msg queue timeout action
_lm_use_tx_tsn	n/a	○	use undo tsn affinity master as TX enqueue master
_lm_validate_pbatch	n/a	○	GES process batch validation
_lm_validate_resource_type	○	n/a	if TRUE enables resource name validation
_lm_wait_pending_send_queue	n/a	○	GES wait on pending send queue
_lm_watchpoint_maximum	n/a	○	GES number of watchpoints
_lm_watchpoint_timeout	n/a	○	GES maximum time in seconds to keep watchpoint
_lm_xids	○	○	number of transaction IDs configured for cluster database
_lmn_compression	○	○	suppl logging for compression enabled
_load_without_compile	○	○	Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
_local_arc_assert_on_wait	n/a	○	Assert whenever local ORL arch waits for space
_local_communication_costing_enabled	○	○	enable local communication costing when TRUE
_local_communication_ratio	○	○	set the ratio between global and local communication (0..100)
_local_hang_analysis_interval_secs	○	○	the interval at which local hang analysis is run
_lock_ref_constraint_count	n/a	○	number of nowait attempts to lock referential constraint
_lock_sga_areas	○	○	Lock specified areas of the SGA in physical memory
_log_archive_avoid_memcpy	○	○	log archive avoid memcpy
_log_archive_buffers	○	○	Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
_log_archive_callout	○	○	archival callout
_log_archive_compress_enable	○	n/a	Bypass database rules for enabling archivelog compression
_log_archive_network_redo_size	○	○	Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
_log_archive_prot_auto_demote	○	○	log archive protection auto demotion
_log_archive_security_enabled	○	n/a	log archive security enabled
_log_archive_strong_auth	○	○	log archive security strong auth
_log_archive_trace_pids	n/a	○	log archive trace pids parameter
_log_blocks_during_backup	○	○	log block images when changed during backup
_log_buffer_coalesce	n/a	○	Coalescing log buffers for log writes
_log_buffers_corrupt	○	○	corrupt redo buffers before write
_log_buffers_debug	○	○	debug redo buffers (slows things down)
_log_checkpoint_recovery_check	○	○	# redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
_log_committime_block_cleanout	○	○	Log commit-time block cleanout
_log_deletion_policy	○	○	archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all destination
_log_event_queues	○	○	number of the log writer event queues
_log_file_sync_timeout	n/a	○	Log file sync timeout (centiseconds)
_log_io_size	○	n/a	automatically initiate log write if this many redo blocks in buffer
_log_max_optimize_threads	○	○	maximum number of threads to which log scan optimization is applied
_log_parallelism_dynamic	○	○	Enable dynamic strands
_log_parallelism_max	○	○	Maximum number of log buffer strands
_log_private_mul	○	○	Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
_log_private_parallelism	○	n/a	Number of private log buffer strands for zero-copy redo
_log_private_parallelism_mul	○	○	Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private strands
_log_read_buffer_size	n/a	○	buffer size for reading log files
_log_read_buffers	○	○	Number of log read buffers for media recovery
_log_simultaneous_copies	○	○	number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of copy latches)
_log_space_errors	○	○	should we report space errors to alert log
_log_switch_timeout	○	○	Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log could span
_log_undo_df_info	n/a	○	generate marker to log file# that belong to undo tablespace
_log_write_info_size	n/a	○	Size of log write info array
_log_writer_worker_dlm_hearbeat_update_freq	n/a	○	LGWR worker DLM health-monitoring heartbeat update frequency (ms)
_logout_storm_rate	○	○	number of processes that can logout in a second
_logout_storm_retrycnt	○	○	maximum retry count for logouts
_logout_storm_timeout	○	○	timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between retries
_long_bcast_ack_warning_threshold	n/a	○	threshold for long bcast ack warning messages in ms
_long_log_write_warning_threshold	n/a	○	threshold for long log write warning messages in ms
_longops_enabled	○	○	longops stats enabled
_low_server_threshold	○	○	low server thresholds
_lowres_drift_allowed_sec	n/a	○	allowed lowres timer drift for VKTM
_ltc_trace	○	○	tracing level for load table conventional
_lthread_cleanup_intv_secs	n/a	○	interval for cleaning lightweight threads in secs
_lthread_clnup_hk_wait_secs	n/a	○	timeout after hard killing operation for lthread to exit
_lthread_clnup_pmon_softkill_wait_secs	n/a	○	wait timeout for PMON between soft kill and hard kill of lthreads
_lthread_clnup_spawner_sk_wait_secs	n/a	○	timeout for spawner between soft kill and hard kill of lthreads
_lthread_debug	n/a	○	Enable Debugging mode for lightweight threads
_lthread_enabled	n/a	○	Enable lightweight threads
_lthread_max_spawn_time_csecs	n/a	○	maximum time interval a spawner will wait for a lthread to get ready
_lthread_spawn_check_intv_ms	n/a	○	time interval for a spawner to check for spawnee to get ready
_lthread_step_debugging	n/a	○	Enable Step wise Debugging mode for lightweight threads
_main_dead_process_scan_interval	n/a	○	PMON main dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_master_direct_sends	○	○	direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
_mav_refresh_consistent_read	○	○	refresh materialized views using consistent read snapshot
_mav_refresh_double_count_prevented	○	○	materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
_mav_refresh_opt	○	○	optimizations during refresh of materialized views
_mav_refresh_unionall_tables	○	○	# tables for union all expansion during materialized view refresh
_max_aq_persistent_queue_memory	n/a	○	max aq persistent queue memory
_max_arch_lns_wait	○	n/a	Maximum wait by ARCH to allow NetServer to complete archival
_max_async_wait_for_catch_up	n/a	○	Switchover wait time for async LNS to catch up in seconds
_max_clients_per_emon	n/a	○	maximum number of clients per emon
_max_cr_rollbacks	n/a	○	Maximum number of CR rollbacks per block (LMS)
_max_data_transfer_cache_size	n/a	○	Maximum size of data transfer cache
_max_defer_gran_xfer_atonce	n/a	○	Maximum deferred granules transferred by MMAN atonce
_max_exponential_sleep	○	○	max sleep during exponential backoff
_max_filestat_tries	n/a	○	maximum number of file stat tries
_max_fsu_segments	n/a	○	Maximum segments to track for fast space usage
_max_fsu_stale_time	n/a	○	Allowed space usage staleness in seconds
_max_incident_file_size	n/a	○	Maximum size (in KB, MB, GB, Blocks) of incident dump file
_max_io_size	○	○	Maximum I/O size in bytes for sequential file accesses
_max_kcnibr_ranges	n/a	○	Max number of nonlogged data block ranges
_max_large_io	○	○	IORM:max number of large I/O's to issue
_max_largepage_alloc_time_secs	n/a	○	Maximum number of seconds to spend on largepage allocation
_max_lns_shutdown_archival_time	○	○	Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during shutdown
_max_log_write_io_parallelism	n/a	○	Maximum I/O parallelism within a log write (auto=0)
_max_log_write_parallelism	n/a	○	Maximum parallelism within a log write (auto=0)
_max_outstanding_log_writes	n/a	○	Maximum number of outstanding redo log writes
_max_pending_scn_bcasts	n/a	○	maximum number of pending SCN broadcasts
_max_protocol_support	○	○	Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
_max_queued_report_requests	n/a	○	Maximum number of report requests that can be queued in a list
_max_reasonable_scn_rate	n/a	○	Max reasonable SCN rate
_max_report_flushes_percycle	n/a	○	Max no of report requests that can be flushed per cycle
_max_rwgs_groupings	n/a	○	maximum no of groupings on materialized views
_max_services	n/a	○	maximum number of database services
_max_shrink_obj_stats	○	○	number of segments for which shrink stats will be maintained
_max_sleep_holding_latch	○	○	max time to sleep while holding a latch
_max_small_io	○	○	IORM:max number of small I/O's to issue
_max_spacebg_msgs_percentage	n/a	○	maximum space management interrupt message throttling
_max_spacebg_slaves	○	○	maximum space management background slaves
_max_spacebg_tasks	○	○	maximum space management background tasks
_max_string_size_bypass	n/a	○	controls error checking for the max_string_size parameter
_max_sys_next_extent	n/a	○	Dictionary managed SYSTEM tablespace maximum next extent size in MB (allowed range [16-4095], 0 if unlimited)
_max_temp_overhead	○	n/a	max tempspc overhead
_media_recovery_read_batch	○	○	media recovery block read batch
_mem_annotation_pr_lev	○	○	private memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_scale	○	○	memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
_mem_annotation_sh_lev	○	○	shared memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_store	○	○	memory annotation in-memory store
_mem_std_extent_size	○	○	standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
_memory_broker_log_stat_entries	○	○	memory broker num stat entries
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_bc	○	○	Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_sp	○	○	Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
_memory_broker_shrink_heaps	○	○	memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
_memory_broker_shrink_java_heaps	○	○	memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
_memory_broker_shrink_streams_pool	○	○	memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
_memory_broker_shrink_timeout	○	○	memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
_memory_broker_stat_interval	○	○	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto sga
_memory_checkinuse_timeintv	○	○	check inuse time interval
_memory_imm_mode_without_autosga	n/a	○	Allow immediate mode without sga/memory target
_memory_initial_sga_split_perc	○	○	Initial default sga target percentage with memory target
_memory_management_tracing	○	○	trace memory management activity
_memory_max_tgt_inc_cnt	n/a	○	counts the times checker increments memory target
_memory_mgmt_fail_immreq	n/a	○	always fail immediate mode request
_memory_mgmt_immreq_timeout	○	○	time in seconds to time out immediate mode request
_memory_nocancel_defsgareq	○	○	do not cancel deferred sga reqs with auto-memory
_memory_sanity_check	○	○	partial granule sanity check
_messages	○	○	message queue resources - dependent on # processes & # buffers
_mgd_rcv_handle_orphan_datafiles	n/a	○	Managed recovery handle orphan datafile situation
_midtier_affinity_clusterwait_threshold	○	n/a	cluster wait threshold to enter affinity
_midtier_affinity_cluswait_prc_threshold	n/a	○	cluster wait precentage threshold to enter affinity
_midtier_affinity_goodness_threshold	○	○	goodness gradient threshold to dissolve affinity
_min_time_between_psp0_diag_secs	n/a	○	minimum time between PSP0 diagnostic used for flow control
_minfree_plus	○	○	max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark block full
_minimal_stats_aggregation	○	○	prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition maintenance time
_minimum_blocks_to_shrink	○	○	minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
_minimum_db_flashback_retention	○	○	Minimum flashback retention
_minimum_extents_to_shrink	○	○	minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be present
_minimum_giga_scn	○	n/a	Minimum SCN to start with in 2^30 units
_mirror_redo_buffers	○	○	Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	○	○	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
_modify_column_index_unusable	n/a	○	allow ALTER TABLE MODIFY(column) to violate index key length limit
_module_action_old_length	n/a	○	Use module and action old length parameter
_mpmt_enabled	n/a	○	MPMT mode enabled
_mpmt_enabled_backgrounds	n/a	○	mpmt enabled backgrounds
_mpmt_fg_enabled	n/a	○	MPMT mode foreground enabled
_mpmt_procs_per_osp	n/a	○	max procs per osp
_multi_instance_pmr	○	○	force multi instance or single instance parallel recovery	force multi instance parallel recovery
_multi_join_key_table_lookup	○	○	TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is enabled
_multi_transaction_optimization_enabled	n/a	○	reduce SGA memory use during create of a partitioned table
_multiple_instance_recovery	○	○	use multiple instances for media recovery
_mutex_spin_count	n/a	○	Mutex spin count
_mutex_wait_scheme	n/a	○	Mutex wait scheme
_mutex_wait_time	n/a	○	Mutex wait time
_mv_add_log_placeholder	n/a	○	add log placeholder
_mv_cleanup_orphaned_metadata	n/a	○	cleanup orphaned materialized view metadata
_mv_complete_refresh_conventional	n/a	○	use conventional INSERTs for MV complete refresh
_mv_deferred_no_log_age_val	n/a	○	avoid build deferred MV log age validate
_mv_expression_extend_size	n/a	○	MV expression extend size
_mv_generalized_oj_refresh_opt	○	○	enable/disable new algorithm for MJV with generalized outer joins
_mv_refresh_ana	○	○	what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
_mv_refresh_costing	○	○	refresh decision based on cost or on rules
_mv_refresh_delta_fraction	○	○	delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
_mv_refresh_enhanced_dml_detection	n/a	○	enable enhanced detection of DML types from MV log
_mv_refresh_eut	○	○	refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based algorithm
_mv_refresh_force_parallel_query	○	○	force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
_mv_refresh_insert_no_append	n/a	○	materialized view refresh using insert no append
_mv_refresh_new_setup_disabled	○	○	materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
_mv_refresh_no_idx_rebuild	n/a	○	avoid index rebuild as part of the MV refresh
_mv_refresh_pkfk_data_units_opt	n/a	○	control MV refresh based on the assumption of PK-FK data units
_mv_refresh_pkfk_relationship_opt	n/a	○	control MV refresh based on the use of PK-FK relationships
_mv_refresh_rebuild_percentage	○	○	minimum percentage change required in MV to force an indexrebuild
_mv_refresh_selections	○	○	create materialized views with selections and fast refresh
_mv_refresh_update_analysis	n/a	○	materialized view refresh using update analysis
_mv_refresh_use_hash_sj	n/a	○	use hash_sj hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_no_merge	○	○	use no_merge hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_stats	○	○	pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
_mv_refsched_timeincr	○	○	proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
_mv_rolling_inv	○	○	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate
_mwin_schedule	○	○	Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
_nameservice_consistency_check	n/a	○	NameService Consistency check switch
_nchar_imp_cnv	○	○	NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
_nchar_imp_conv	○	○	should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be allowed
_ncmb_readahead_enabled	○	○	enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
_ncmb_readahead_tracing	○	○	turn on multi-block readahead tracing
_ncomp_shared_objects_dir	○	○	native compilation shared objects dir
_nested_loop_fudge	○	○	nested loop fudge
_nested_mav_fast_oncommit_enabled	○	n/a	nested MAV refresh fast on commit allowed
_nested_mv_fast_oncommit_enabled	n/a	○	nested MV refresh fast on commit allowed
_net_timeout_latency	n/a	○	NET_TIMEOUT latency
_new_initial_join_orders	○	○	enable initial join orders based on new ordering heuristics
_new_sort_cost_estimate	○	○	enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
_newsort_enabled	○	○	controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
_newsort_ordered_pct	○	○	controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
_newsort_type	○	○	specifies options for the new sort algorithm
_nineteenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	nineteenth spare parameter - string
_ninth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	ninth spare parameter - integer
_nlj_batching_ae_flag	n/a	○	FAE flag type set after restoring to IO batching buffer
_nlj_batching_enabled	○	○	enable batching of the RHS IO in NLJ
_nlj_batching_misses_enabled	○	○	enable exceptions for buffer cache misses
_nls_parameter_sync_enabled	n/a	○	enables or disables updates to v$parameter whenever an alter session statement modifies various nls parameters
_no_objects	○	○	no object features are used
_no_or_expansion	○	○	OR expansion during optimization disabled
_no_recovery_through_resetlogs	○	○	no recovery through this resetlogs operation
_no_small_file	n/a	○	Not to apply new extent scheme for small file temp spaces
_no_stale_joinback_rewrite	n/a	○	No joinbacks if mv is stale
_nologging_kcnbuf_hash_buckets	n/a	○	Number of nologging buffer hash buckets
_nologging_kcnbuf_hash_latches	n/a	○	Number of nologging buffer hash latches
_nologging_load_slotsz	n/a	○	Nologging standby: direct load buffer size
_nologging_sdcl_append_wait	n/a	○	Nologging standby append sdcl wait time
_nologging_sendbuf_ratio	n/a	○	Nologging standby: outstanding send buffer ratio
_nologging_txn_cmt_wait	n/a	○	Nologging standby transaction commit wait time
_noncdb_to_pdb	n/a	○	converting a non-cdb to a pdb
_noseg_for_unusable_index_enabled	n/a	○	no segments for unusable indexes if set to TRUE
_notify_crs	○	○	notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
_ns_max_flush_wt	○	○	Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding writes
_ns_max_send_delay	○	○	Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
_num_longop_child_latches	○	○	number of child latches for long op array
_numa_buffer_cache_stats	n/a	○	Configure NUMA buffer cache stats
_numa_shift_enabled	n/a	○	Enable NUMA shift
_numa_shift_value	n/a	○	user defined value for numa nodes shift
_numa_trace_level	○	○	numa trace event
_number_cached_attributes	○	○	maximum number of cached attributes per instance
_number_cached_group_memberships	n/a	○	maximum number of cached group memberships
_number_group_memberships_per_cache_line	n/a	○	maximum number of group memberships per cache line
_obj_ckpt_tracing	n/a	○	Enable object checkpoint tracing
_object_number_cache_size	n/a	○	Object number cache size
_object_reuse_bast	○	○	if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
_object_statistics	○	○	enable the object level statistics collection
_object_stats_max_entries	○	○	Maximum number of entries to be tracked per stat
_odci_aggregate_save_space	n/a	○	trade speed for space in user-defined aggregation
_offline_rollback_segments	○	○	offline undo segment list
_ogms_home	○	○	GMS home directory
_olap_adv_comp_stats_cc_precomp	n/a	○	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_adv_comp_stats_max_rows	n/a	○	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_aggregate_buffer_size	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
_olap_aggregate_flags	○	○	OLAP Aggregate debug flags
_olap_aggregate_function_cache_enabled	○	○	OLAP Aggregate function cache enabler
_olap_aggregate_function_merge_threshold	○	n/a	OLAP Aggregate function merge threshold
_olap_aggregate_max_thread_tuples	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
_olap_aggregate_min_buffer_size	○	○	OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
_olap_aggregate_min_thread_status	○	○	OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for thread
_olap_aggregate_multipath_hier	○	○	OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
_olap_aggregate_statlen_thresh	○	○	OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
_olap_aggregate_store_probability	○	n/a	OLAP Aggregate function storeback probability
_olap_aggregate_work_per_thread	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max work parents
_olap_aggregate_worklist_max	○	○	OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
_olap_allocate_errorlog_format	○	○	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
_olap_allocate_errorlog_header	○	○	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
_olap_analyze_max	○	○	OLAP DML ANALYZE command max cells to analyze
_olap_continuous_trace_file	○	○	Specify TRUE to enable continuous OLAP tracing - otherwise only exceptional events will be logged	OLAP logging definition
_olap_dbgoutfile_echo_to_eventlog	○	○	OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_dimension_corehash_class	○	n/a	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Class
_olap_dimension_corehash_force	n/a	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Force
_olap_dimension_corehash_large	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Large Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_pressure	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Pressure Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_size	○	○	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Memory Use
_olap_dimension_corehash_small	○	n/a	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Small Threshold
_olap_eif_export_lob_size	○	○	OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
_olap_lmgen_dim_size	○	○	Limitmap generator dimension column size
_olap_lmgen_meas_size	○	○	Limitmap generator measure column size
_olap_object_hash_class	○	○	OLAP Object Hash Table Class
_olap_page_pool_expand_rate	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
_olap_page_pool_hi	○	○	OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
_olap_page_pool_hit_target	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
_olap_page_pool_low	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
_olap_page_pool_pressure	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
_olap_page_pool_shrink_rate	○	○	OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
_olap_parallel_update_server_num	n/a	○	OLAP parallel update server count
_olap_parallel_update_small_group	○	n/a	OLAP parallel update pagespace by group
_olap_parallel_update_small_threshold	○	○	OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small pagespaces
_olap_parallel_update_threshold	○	○	OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
_olap_poutlog_echo_to_eventlog	○	n/a	OLAP POutLog copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_row_load_time_precision	n/a	○	OLAP Row Load Time Precision
_olap_sesscache_enabled	○	○	OLAP Session Cache knob
_olap_sort_buffer_pct	○	○	OLAP Sort Buffer Size Percentage
_olap_sort_buffer_size	○	○	OLAP Sort Buffer Size
_olap_statbool_corebits	○	○	OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
_olap_statbool_threshold	○	○	OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
_olap_table_function_statistics	○	○	Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed statistics trace
_olap_wrap_errors	○	○	Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
_olapi_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi history retention
_olapi_iface_object_history	○	○	enable olapi interface object history collection
_olapi_iface_object_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi interface object history retention
_olapi_iface_operation_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi interface operation history retention
_olapi_interface_operation_history	○	○	enable olapi interface operation history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history	○	○	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history_pause_at_seqno	○	○	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection pausing
_olapi_memory_operation_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi memory operation history retention
_olapi_session_history	○	○	enable olapi session history collection
_olapi_session_history_retention	○	○	enable olapi session history retention
_old_connect_by_enabled	○	○	enable/disable old connect by
_old_extent_scheme	n/a	○	Revert to old extent allocation
_ols_cleanup_task	○	○	Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
_oltp_comp_dbg_scan	n/a	○	oltp compression scan debug
_oltp_compression	○	○	oltp compression enabled
_oltp_compression_gain	○	○	oltp compression gain
_oltp_spill	n/a	○	spill rows for oltp compression if loader pga limit is exceeded
_omf	○	○	enable/disable OMF
_omni_enqueue_enable	n/a	○	Enable Omni Enqueue feature (0 = disable, 1 = enable on ASM (default), 2 = enable)
_oneside_colstat_for_equijoins	○	○	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_online_ctas_diag	n/a	○	controls dumping diagnostic information for online ctas
_online_patch_disable_stack_check	○	○	disable check for function on stack for online patches
_ops_per_semop	n/a	○	the exact number of operations per semop system call
_optim_adjust_for_part_skews	○	○	adjust stats for skews across partitions
_optim_dict_stats_at_db_cr_upg	○	○	enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db create/upgrade
_optim_enhance_nnull_detection	○	○	TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
_optim_new_default_join_sel	○	○	improves the way default equijoin selectivity are computed
_optim_peek_user_binds	○	○	enable peeking of user binds
_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing	○	○	optimizer adaptive cursor sharing
_optimizer_adaptive_plan_control	n/a	○	internal controls for adaptive plans
_optimizer_adaptive_plans	n/a	○	enable adaptive plans
_optimizer_adjust_for_nulls	○	○	adjust selectivity for null values
_optimizer_ads_max_table_count	n/a	○	maximum number of tables in a join under ADS
_optimizer_ads_time_limit	n/a	○	maximum time limit (seconds) under ADS
_optimizer_ads_use_result_cache	n/a	○	use result cache for ADS queries
_optimizer_ansi_join_lateral_enhance	n/a	○	optimization of left/full ansi-joins and lateral views
_optimizer_ansi_rearchitecture	n/a	○	re-architecture of ANSI left, right, and full outer joins
_optimizer_autostats_job	○	○	enable/disable auto stats collection job
_optimizer_aw_join_push_enabled	○	○	Enables AW Join Push optimization
_optimizer_aw_stats_enabled	○	○	Enables statistcs on AW olap_table table function
_optimizer_batch_table_access_by_rowid	n/a	○	enable table access by ROWID IO batching
_optimizer_better_inlist_costing	○	○	enable improved costing of index access using in-list(s)
_optimizer_block_size	○	○	standard block size used by optimizer
_optimizer_cache_stats	○	○	cost with cache statistics
_optimizer_cartesian_enabled	○	○	optimizer cartesian join enabled
_optimizer_cbqt_factor	○	○	cost factor for cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cbqt_no_size_restriction	○	○	disable cost based transformation query size restriction
_optimizer_ceil_cost	○	○	CEIL cost in CBO
_optimizer_choose_permutation	○	n/a	force the optimizer to use the specified permutation
_optimizer_cluster_by_rowid	n/a	○	enable/disable the cluster by rowid feature
_optimizer_cluster_by_rowid_control	n/a	○	internal control for cluster by rowid feature mode
_optimizer_coalesce_subqueries	n/a	○	consider coalescing of subqueries optimization
_optimizer_complex_pred_selectivity	○	○	enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
_optimizer_compute_index_stats	○	○	force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
_optimizer_connect_by_cb_whr_only	n/a	○	use cost-based transformation for whr clause in connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_combine_sw	○	○	combine no filtering connect by and start with
_optimizer_connect_by_cost_based	○	○	use cost-based transformation for connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_elim_dups	n/a	○	allow connect by to eliminate duplicates from input
_optimizer_correct_sq_selectivity	○	○	force correct computation of subquery selectivity
_optimizer_cost_based_transformation	○	○	enables cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cost_filter_pred	○	○	enables costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
_optimizer_cost_hjsmj_multimatch	○	○	add cost of generating result set when #rows per key > 1
_optimizer_cost_model	○	○	optimizer cost model
_optimizer_cube_join_enabled	n/a	○	enable cube join
_optimizer_degree	○	○	force the optimizer to use the same degree of parallelism
_optimizer_dim_subq_join_sel	○	○	use join selectivity in choosing star transformation dimensions
_optimizer_disable_strans_sanity_checks	○	○	disable star transformation sanity checks
_optimizer_distinct_agg_transform	n/a	○	Transforms Distinct Aggregates to non-distinct aggregates
_optimizer_distinct_elimination	○	○	Eliminates redundant SELECT DISTNCT's
_optimizer_distinct_placement	n/a	○	consider distinct placement optimization
_optimizer_dsdir_usage_control	n/a	○	controls optimizer usage of dynamic sampling directives
_optimizer_dyn_smp_blks	○	○	number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
_optimizer_eliminate_filtering_join	n/a	○	optimizer filtering join elimination enabled
_optimizer_enable_density_improvements	○	○	use improved density computation for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_extended_stats	○	○	use extended statistics for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_table_lookup_by_nl	n/a	○	consider table lookup by nl transformation
_optimizer_enhanced_filter_push	○	○	push filters before trying cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_extend_jppd_view_types	○	○	join pred pushdown on group-by, distinct, semi-/anti-joined view
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing	○	○	optimizer extended cursor sharing
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel	○	○	optimizer extended cursor sharing for relational operators
_optimizer_extended_stats_usage_control	○	○	controls the optimizer usage of extended stats
_optimizer_false_filter_pred_pullup	n/a	○	optimizer false predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_fast_access_pred_analysis	n/a	○	use fast algorithm to traverse predicates for physical optimizer
_optimizer_fast_pred_transitivity	n/a	○	use fast algorithm to generate transitive predicates
_optimizer_feedback_control	n/a	○	controls the optimizer feedback framework
_optimizer_filter_pred_pullup	○	○	use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_filter_pushdown	n/a	○	enable/disable filter predicate pushdown
_optimizer_fkr_index_cost_bias	○	○	Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows mode
_optimizer_force_CBQT	n/a	○	force CBQT transformation regardless of cost
_optimizer_free_transformation_heap	○	○	free transformation subheap after each transformation
_optimizer_full_outer_join_to_outer	n/a	○	enable/disable full outer to left outer join conversion
_optimizer_gather_feedback	n/a	○	optimizer gather feedback
_optimizer_gather_stats_on_load	n/a	○	enable/disable online statistics gathering
_optimizer_generate_transitive_pred	n/a	○	optimizer generate transitive predicates
_optimizer_group_by_placement	○	○	consider group-by placement optimization
_optimizer_hybrid_fpwj_enabled	n/a	○	enable hybrid full partition-wise join when TRUE
_optimizer_ignore_hints	○	○	enables the embedded hints to be ignored
_optimizer_improve_selectivity	○	○	improve table and partial overlap join selectivity computation
_optimizer_instance_count	n/a	○	force the optimizer to use the specified number of instances
_optimizer_interleave_jppd	n/a	○	interleave join predicate pushdown during CBQT
_optimizer_invalidation_period	○	○	time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects
_optimizer_join_elimination_enabled	○	○	optimizer join elimination enabled
_optimizer_join_factorization	n/a	○	use join factorization transformation
_optimizer_join_order_control	○	○	controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
_optimizer_join_sel_sanity_check	○	○	enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join selectivity
_optimizer_max_permutations	○	○	optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
_optimizer_min_cache_blocks	○	○	set minimum cached blocks
_optimizer_mjc_enabled	○	○	enable merge join cartesian
_optimizer_mode_force	○	○	force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL also
_optimizer_multi_level_push_pred	○	○	consider join-predicate pushdown that requires multi-level pushdown to base table
_optimizer_multi_table_outerjoin	n/a	○	allows multiple tables on the left of outerjoin
_optimizer_multiple_cenv	○	○	generate and run plans using several compilation environments
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_report	○	○	control what to report in trace file when run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_stmt	n/a	○	control the types of statements that are run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_native_full_outer_join	○	○	execute full outer join using native implementaion
_optimizer_nested_rollup_for_gset	○	○	number of groups above which we use nested rollup exec for gset
_optimizer_new_join_card_computation	○	○	compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
_optimizer_null_accepting_semijoin	n/a	○	enables null-accepting semijoin
_optimizer_null_aware_antijoin	○	○	null-aware antijoin parameter
_optimizer_or_expansion	○	○	control or expansion approach used
_optimizer_or_expansion_subheap	○	○	Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
_optimizer_order_by_elimination_enabled	○	○	Eliminates order bys from views before query transformation
_optimizer_outer_join_to_inner	n/a	○	enable/disable outer to inner join conversion
_optimizer_outer_to_anti_enabled	○	○	Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if possible
_optimizer_partial_join_eval	n/a	○	partial join evaluation parameter
_optimizer_percent_parallel	○	○	optimizer percent parallel
_optimizer_performance_feedback	n/a	○	controls the performance feedback
_optimizer_proc_rate_level	n/a	○	control the level of processing rates
_optimizer_proc_rate_source	n/a	○	control the source of processing rates
_optimizer_purge_stats_iteration_row_count	n/a	○	number of rows to be deleted at each iteration of the stats purging process
_optimizer_push_down_distinct	○	○	push down distinct from query block to table
_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based	○	○	use cost-based query transformation for push pred optimization
_optimizer_random_plan	○	○	optimizer seed value for random plans
_optimizer_reuse_cost_annotations	○	○	reuse cost annotations during cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_rownum_bind_default	○	○	Default value to use for rownum bind
_optimizer_rownum_pred_based_fkr	○	○	enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
_optimizer_save_stats	○	○	enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
_optimizer_search_limit	○	○	optimizer search limit
_optimizer_self_induced_cache_cost	○	○	account for self-induced caching
_optimizer_skip_scan_enabled	○	○	enable/disable index skip scan
_optimizer_skip_scan_guess	○	○	consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed selectivity
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_enabled	○	○	enable/disable sort-merge join method
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_inequality	○	○	enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality predicates
_optimizer_squ_bottomup	○	○	enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
_optimizer_star_tran_in_with_clause	○	○	enable/disable star transformation in with clause queries
_optimizer_star_trans_min_cost	○	○	optimizer star transformation minimum cost
_optimizer_star_trans_min_ratio	○	○	optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
_optimizer_starplan_enabled	○	○	optimizer star plan enabled
_optimizer_strans_adaptive_pruning	n/a	○	allow adaptive pruning of star transformation bitmap trees
_optimizer_system_stats_usage	○	○	system statistics usage
_optimizer_table_expansion	n/a	○	consider table expansion transformation
_optimizer_trace	○	○	optimizer trace parameter
_optimizer_transitivity_retain	○	○	retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred generation
_optimizer_try_st_before_jppd	n/a	○	try Star Transformation before Join Predicate Push Down
_optimizer_undo_changes	○	○	undo changes to query optimizer
_optimizer_undo_cost_change	○	○	optimizer undo cost change
_optimizer_unnest_all_subqueries	n/a	○	enables unnesting of every type of subquery
_optimizer_unnest_corr_set_subq	n/a	○	Unnesting of correlated set subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_unnest_disjunctive_subq	n/a	○	Unnesting of disjunctive subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_unnest_scalar_sq	n/a	○	enables unnesting of of scalar subquery
_optimizer_use_cbqt_star_transformation	n/a	○	use rewritten star transformation using cbqt framework
_optimizer_use_feedback	n/a	○	optimizer use feedback
_optimizer_use_gtt_session_stats	n/a	○	use GTT session private statistics
_optimizer_use_histograms	n/a	○	enable/disable the usage of histograms by the optimizer
_optimizer_use_subheap	○	○	Enables physical optimizer subheap
_or_expand_nvl_predicate	○	○	enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
_oracle_script	n/a	○	Running an Oracle-supplied script
_oradbg_pathname	○	○	path of oradbg script
_oradebug_cmds_at_startup	n/a	○	oradebug commands to execute at instance startup
_oradebug_force	○	○	force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
_ordered_nested_loop	○	○	enable ordered nested loop costing
_ordered_semijoin	○	○	enable ordered semi-join subquery
_orph_cln_interval	○	○	qmon periodic interval for removed subscriber messages cleanup
_os_sched_high_priority	○	○	OS high priority level
_oss_skgxp_udp_dynamic_credit_mgmt	○	○	OSSLIB enable[!0]/disable[0] dynamic credit mgmt for SKGXP-UDP
_other_wait_event_exclusion	○	○	exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold calculations
_other_wait_threshold	○	○	threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
_outline_bitmap_tree	○	○	BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
_parallel_adaptive_max_users	○	○	maximum number of users running with default DOP
_parallel_blackbox_enabled	n/a	○	parallel execution blackbox enabled
_parallel_blackbox_sga	n/a	○	true if blackbox will be allocated in SGA, false if PGA
_parallel_blackbox_size	n/a	○	parallel execution blackbox bucket size
_parallel_broadcast_enabled	○	○	enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort merge joins
_parallel_cluster_cache_pct	n/a	○	max percentage of the global buffer cache to use for affinity
_parallel_cluster_cache_policy	n/a	○	policy used for parallel execution on cluster(ADAPTIVE/CACHED)
_parallel_conservative_queuing	n/a	○	conservative parallel statement queuing
_parallel_ctas_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable parallel CTAS operation
_parallel_default_max_instances	○	○	default maximum number of instances for parallel query
_parallel_execution_message_align	○	○	Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
_parallel_fake_class_pct	○	○	fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
_parallel_fault_tolerance_threshold	n/a	○	total number of faults fault-tolerance will handle
_parallel_fixwrite_bucket	○	○	Number of buckets for each round of fix write
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_interval	n/a	○	interval of snapshot to track px msging between instances
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_max	n/a	○	maximum number of historical snapshots archived
_parallel_load_bal_unit	○	○	number of threads to allocate per instance
_parallel_load_balancing	○	○	parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
_parallel_load_publish_threshold	n/a	○	diffrence in percentage controlling px load propagation
_parallel_min_message_pool	○	○	minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq servers
_parallel_optimization_phase_for_local	n/a	○	parallel optimization phase when all slaves are local
_parallel_policy	○	n/a	policy used to compute the degree of parallelism (MANUAL/LIMITED/AUTO)
_parallel_queuing_max_waitingtime	n/a	○	parallel statement queuing: max waiting time in queue
_parallel_recovery_stopat	○	○	stop at -position- to step through SMON
_parallel_replay_msg_limit	○	○	Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
_parallel_scalability	n/a	○	Parallel scalability criterion for parallel execution
_parallel_server_idle_time	○	○	idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100 sec)
_parallel_server_sleep_time	○	○	sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
_parallel_slave_acquisition_wait	○	○	time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave acquisition
_parallel_statement_queuing	n/a	○	parallel statement queuing enabled
_parallel_syspls_obey_force	○	○	TRUE to obey force parallel query/dml/ddl under System PL/SQL
_parallel_time_threshold	○	n/a	threshold above which a plan is a candidate for parallelization (in seconds)
_parallel_time_unit	○	○	unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism (in seconds)
_parallel_txn_global	○	○	enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
_parallelism_cost_fudge_factor	○	○	set the parallelism cost fudge factor
_parameter_table_block_size	○	○	parameter table block size
_part_access_version_by_number	n/a	○	use version numbers to access versioned objects for partitioning
_part_redef_global_index_update	n/a	○	online partition redefinition update global indexes
_partial_pwise_join_enabled	○	○	enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
_partition_advisor_srs_active	n/a	○	enables sampling based partitioning validation
_partition_cdb_view_enabled	n/a	○	partitioned cdb view evaluation enabled
_partition_large_extents	n/a	○	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned tables
_partition_view_enabled	○	○	enable/disable partitioned views
_passwordfile_enqueue_timeout	○	○	password file enqueue timeout in seconds
_pct_refresh_double_count_prevented	○	○	materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
_pdb_use_sequence_cache	n/a	○	Use sequence cache in PDB mode
_pdml_gim_sampling	○	○	control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
_pdml_gim_staggered	○	○	slaves start on different index when doing index maint
_pdml_slaves_diff_part	○	○	slaves start on different partition when doing index maint
_percent_flashback_buf_partial_full	○	○	Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered partial full
_pga_large_extent_size	○	○	PGA large extent size
_pga_limit_check_wait_time	n/a	○	microseconds to wait for over limit confirmation
_pga_limit_dump_summary	n/a	○	dump PGA summary when signalling ORA-4036
_pga_limit_interrupt_smaller	n/a	○	whether to interrupt smaller eligible processes
_pga_limit_min_req_size	n/a	○	bytes of PGA usage below which process will not get ORA-4036
_pga_limit_simulated_physmem_size	n/a	○	bytes of physical memory to determine pga_aggregate_limit with
_pga_limit_target_perc	n/a	○	default percent of pga_aggregate_target for pga_aggregate_limit
_pga_limit_time_to_interrupt	n/a	○	seconds to wait until direct interrupt
_pga_limit_time_until_idle	n/a	○	seconds to wait before treating process as idle
_pga_limit_time_until_killed	n/a	○	seconds to wait before killing session over limit
_pga_limit_tracing	n/a	○	trace pga_aggregate_limit activity
_pga_limit_use_immediate_kill	n/a	○	use immediate kill for sessions over limit
_pga_limit_watch_perc	n/a	○	percentage of limit to have processes watch
_pga_limit_watch_size	n/a	○	bytes of PGA usage at which process will begin watching limit
_pga_max_size	○	○	Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
_pgactx_cap_stacks	n/a	○	capture stacks for setting pgactx
_pin_time_statistics	n/a	○	if TRUE collect statistics for how long a current pin is held
_ping_level	○	n/a	fusion ping level
_ping_wait_for_log_force	n/a	○	Wait for log force before block ping
_pivot_implementation_method	○	○	pivot implementation method
_pkt_enable	○	○	enable progressive kill test
_pkt_pmon_interval	○	○	PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
_pkt_start	○	○	start progressive kill test instrumention
_plan_outline_data	○	○	explain plan outline data enabled
_plan_verify_improvement_margin	○	○	Performance improvement criterion for evolving plan baselines
_plan_verify_local_time_limit	○	○	Local time limit to use for an individual plan verification
_plsql_anon_block_code_type	○	○	PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
_plsql_cache_enable	○	○	PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
_plsql_dump_buffer_events	○	○	conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is dumped
_plsql_max_stack_size	n/a	○	PL/SQL maximum stack size
_plsql_minimum_cache_hit_percent	○	○	plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep caching active
_plsql_native_frame_threshold	n/a	○	Allocate PL/SQL native frames on the heap if size exceeds this value
_plsql_nvl_optimize	○	○	PL/SQL NVL optimize
_pluggable_database_debug	n/a	○	Debug flag for pluggable database related operations
_pmon_dead_blkrs_alive_chk_rate_secs	n/a	○	rate to check blockers are alive during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_blkrs	n/a	○	max blockers to check during cleanup
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_cleanup_attempts	n/a	○	max attempts per blocker while checking dead blockers
_pmon_dead_blkrs_scan_rate_secs	n/a	○	rate to scan for dead blockers during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_enable_dead_blkrs	n/a	○	look for dead blockers during PMON cleanup
_pmon_load_constants	○	○	server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
_pmon_max_consec_posts	n/a	○	PMON max consecutive posts in main loop
_post_wait_queues_dynamic_queues	n/a	○	Post Wait Queues - Num Dynamic Queues
_post_wait_queues_num_per_class	n/a	○	Post Wait Queues - Num Per Class
_pqq_debug_txn_act	n/a	○	pq queuing transaction active
_pqq_enabled	n/a	○	Enable Resource Manager based Parallel Statement Queuing
_pre_rewrite_push_pred	○	○	push predicates into views before rewrite
_precompute_gid_values	○	○	precompute gid values and copy them before returning a row
_pred_move_around	○	○	enables predicate move-around
_pred_push_cdb_view_enabled	n/a	○	predicate pushdown enabled for CDB views
_predicate_elimination_enabled	○	○	allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
_prefered_standby	n/a	○	standby db_unique_name prefered for krb operations
_prescomm	○	○	presume commit of IMU transactions
_print_inmem_heatmap	n/a	○	print inmem ilm heatmap
_print_refresh_schedule	○	○	enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh schedule
_print_stat_segment	n/a	○	print ilm statistics segment
_private_memory_address	○	○	Start address of large extent memory segment
_project_view_columns	○	○	enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
_projection_pushdown	○	○	projection pushdown
_projection_pushdown_debug	○	○	level for projection pushdown debugging
_prop_old_enabled	○	○	Shift to pre 11g propagation behaviour
_protect_frame_heaps	○	○	Protect cursor frame heaps
_ptn_cache_threshold	n/a	○	flags and threshold to control partition metadata caching
_push_join_predicate	○	○	enable pushing join predicate inside a view
_push_join_union_view	○	○	enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
_push_join_union_view2	○	○	enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
_px_adaptive_dist_method	n/a	○	determines the behavior of adaptive distribution methods
_px_adaptive_dist_method_threshold	n/a	○	Buffering / decision threshold for adaptive distribution methods
_px_adaptive_offload_percentage	n/a	○	percentage for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_adaptive_offload_threshold	n/a	○	threshold (GB/s) for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_async_getgranule	○	○	asynchronous get granule in the slave
_px_back_to_parallel	n/a	○	allow going back to parallel after a serial operation
_px_bind_peek_sharing	○	○	enables sharing of px cursors that were built using bind peeking
_px_broadcast_fudge_factor	○	○	set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
_px_buffer_ttl	○	○	ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
_px_cdb_view_enabled	n/a	○	parallel cdb view evaluation enabled
_px_chunklist_count_ratio	n/a	○	ratio of the number of chunk lists to the default DOP per instance
_px_compilation_debug	○	○	debug level for parallel compilation
_px_compilation_trace	○	○	tracing level for parallel compilation
_px_concurrent	n/a	○	enables pq with concurrent execution of serial inputs
_px_cpu_autodop_enabled	n/a	○	enables or disables auto dop cpu computation
_px_cpu_operator_bandwidth	n/a	○	CPU operator bandwidth in MB/sec for DOP computation
_px_cpu_process_bandwidth	n/a	○	CPU process bandwidth in MB/sec for DOP computation
_px_dp_array_size	n/a	○	Max number of pq processes supported
_px_dump_12805_source	○	○	enables or disables tracing of 12805 signal source
_px_dynamic_opt	○	○	turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_dynamic_sample_size	○	○	num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_execution_services_enabled	○	○	enable service-based constraint of px slave allocation
_px_filter_parallelized	n/a	○	enables or disables correlated filter parallelization
_px_filter_skew_handling	n/a	○	enable correlated filter parallelization to handle skew
_px_freelist_latch_divisor	○	○	Divide the computed number of freelists by this power of 2
_px_gim_factor	n/a	○	weighted autodop global index maintenance factor
_px_granule_batch_size	n/a	○	maximum size of a batch of granules
_px_granule_randomize	n/a	○	enables or disables randomization of parallel scans rowid granules
_px_granule_size	○	○	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
_px_groupby_pushdown	n/a	○	perform group-by pushdown for parallel query
_px_hold_time	n/a	○	hold px at execution time (unit: second)
_px_hybrid_TSM_HWMB_load	n/a	○	Enable Hybrid Temp Segment Merge/High Water Mark Brokered load method
_px_index_sampling	○	n/a	parallel query sampling for index create (100000 = 100%)
_px_index_sampling_objsize	n/a	○	parallel query sampling for index create based on object size
_px_io_process_bandwidth	○	○	IO process bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_io_system_bandwidth	○	○	total IO system bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_join_skew_handling	n/a	○	enables skew handling for parallel joins
_px_join_skew_minfreq	n/a	○	sets minimum frequency(%) for skewed value for parallel joins
_px_join_skew_ratio	n/a	○	sets skew ratio for parallel joins
_px_kxib_tracing	○	○	turn on kxib tracing
_px_load_balancing_policy	n/a	○	parallel load balancing policy
_px_load_factor	n/a	○	weighted autodop load factor
_px_load_monitor_threshold	n/a	○	threshold for pushing information to load slave workload monitor
_px_load_publish_interval	○	○	interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX load
_px_loc_msg_cost	○	○	CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
_px_max_granules_per_slave	○	○	maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_max_map_val	n/a	○	Maximum value of rehash mapping for PX
_px_max_message_pool_pct	n/a	○	percentage of shared pool for px msg buffers range [5,90]
_px_message_compression	n/a	○	enable compression of control messages for parallel query
_px_min_granules_per_slave	○	○	minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_minus_intersect	○	○	enables pq for minus/interect operators
_px_monitor_load	n/a	○	enable consumer load slave workload monitoring
_px_net_msg_cost	○	○	CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
_px_no_granule_sort	○	○	prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on size
_px_no_stealing	○	○	prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing environment
_px_nss_planb	○	○	enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
_px_numa_stealing_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable PQ granule stealing across NUMA nodes
_px_numa_support_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable PQ NUMA support
_px_object_sampling	n/a	○	parallel query sampling for base objects (100000 = 100%)
_px_object_sampling_enabled	n/a	○	use base object sampling when possible for range distribution
_px_onepass_slave_acquisition	n/a	○	enable/disable one pass slave acquisition for parallel execution
_px_parallelize_expression	n/a	○	enables or disables expression evaluation parallelization
_px_partial_rollup_pushdown	n/a	○	perform partial rollup pushdown for parallel execution
_px_partition_scan_enabled	n/a	○	enables or disables parallel partition-based scan
_px_partition_scan_threshold	n/a	○	least number of partitions per slave to start partition-based scan
_px_proactive_slave_alloc_threshold	n/a	○	parallel proactive slave allocation threshold/unit
_px_proc_constrain	○	○	reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes - fudge)
_px_pwg_enabled	○	○	parallel partition wise group by enabled
_px_pwmr_enabled	n/a	○	parallel partition wise match recognize enabled
_px_replication_enabled	n/a	○	enables or disables replication of small table scans
_px_round_robin_rowcnt	n/a	○	round robin row count to enq to next slave
_px_rownum_pd	○	○	turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
_px_send_timeout	○	○	IPC message send timeout value in seconds
_px_single_server_enabled	n/a	○	allow single-slave dfo in parallel query
_px_slaves_share_cursors	○	○	slaves share cursors with QC
_px_tq_rowhvs	n/a	○	turn on intra-row hash valueing sharing in TQ
_px_trace	○	○	px trace parameter
_px_ual_serial_input	○	○	enables new pq for UNION operators
_px_wif_dfo_declumping	n/a	○	NDV-aware DFO clumping of multiple window sorts
_px_wif_extend_distribution_keys	n/a	○	extend TQ data redistribution keys for window functions
_px_wif_min_ndv_per_slave	n/a	○	mininum NDV of TQ keys needed per slave for scalable WiF PX
_px_xtgranule_size	○	○	default size of a external table granule (in KB)
_qa_control	○	○	Oracle internal parameter to control QA
_qa_lrg_type	○	○	Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
_quantum_donation_limit	○	n/a	number of quantum donations allowed per quantum
_query_cost_rewrite	○	○	perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
_query_execution_cache_max_size	○	○	max size of query execution cache
_query_mmvrewrite_maxcmaps	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of cmaps per dmap in query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxdmaps	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of dmaps per query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxinlists	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of in-lists per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxintervals	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of intervals per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxmergedcmaps	○	n/a	query mmv rewrite maximum number of merged cmaps
_query_mmvrewrite_maxpreds	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of predicates per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxqryinlistvals	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of query in-list values
_query_mmvrewrite_maxregperm	○	○	query mmv rewrite maximum number of region permutations
_query_on_physical	n/a	○	query on physical
_query_rewrite_1	○	○	perform query rewrite before&after or only before view merging
_query_rewrite_2	○	○	perform query rewrite before&after or only after view merging
_query_rewrite_drj	○	○	mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
_query_rewrite_expression	○	○	rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
_query_rewrite_fpc	○	○	mv rewrite fresh partition containment
_query_rewrite_fudge	○	○	cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
_query_rewrite_jgmigrate	○	○	mv rewrite with jg migration
_query_rewrite_maxdisjunct	○	○	query rewrite max disjuncts
_query_rewrite_or_error	○	○	allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not dataless
_query_rewrite_setopgrw_enable	○	○	perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
_query_rewrite_vop_cleanup	○	○	prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
_queue_buffer_max_dump_len	n/a	○	max number of bytes to dump to trace file for queue buffer dump
_radm_enabled	n/a	○	Data Redaction
_rbr_ckpt_tracing	n/a	○	Enable reuse block range checkpoint tracing
_rcfg_disable_verify	○	○	if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_fixwrite	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_replay	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_verify	○	○	if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
_rcv_scn_message_threshold_percent	○	n/a	Percentage of buffer cache above which media rcv sends SCN message
_rdbms_compatibility	○	○	default RDBMS compatibility level
_rdbms_internal_fplib_enabled	○	○	enable CELL FPLIB filtering within rdbms
_rdbms_internal_fplib_raise_errors	○	○	enable reraising of any exceptions in CELL FPLIB
_re_fast_sql_operator	n/a	○	enables fast boxable sql operator
_re_independent_expression_cache_size	n/a	○	defines max number of compiled cached expressions for iee
_re_num_complex_operator	n/a	○	defines max number of compiled complex operator per ruleset-iee
_re_num_rowcache_load	n/a	○	defines max number of complex operators loaded with row cache
_re_result_cache_keysiz	n/a	○	defines max number key for result cache hash table
_re_result_cache_size	n/a	○	defines max number of cached elements for result cache
_read_mostly_enable_logon	n/a	○	Read mostly instances enable non-privileged logons
_read_mostly_instance	n/a	○	indicates this is a read_mostly instance
_read_mostly_instance_qa_control	n/a	○	internal parameter to control read mostly instance QA
_read_mostly_slave_timeout	n/a	○	Time to wait on read mostly node when hub not available
_read_only_violation_dump_to_trace	n/a	○	read-only violation dump to trace files
_read_only_violation_max_count	n/a	○	read-only violation array max count
_read_only_violation_max_count_per_module	n/a	○	read-only violation array per module max count
_readable_standby_mode	○	n/a	readable standby mode
_readable_standby_sync_timeout	○	○	readable standby query scn sync timeout
_real_time_apply_sim	○	○	Simulation value with real time apply
_realfree_heap_max_size	○	○	minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
_realfree_heap_mode	○	○	mode flags for real-free heap
_realfree_heap_pagesize	n/a	○	hint for real-free page size in bytes
_realfree_heap_pagesize_hint	○	n/a	hint for real-free page size in bytes
_realfree_pq_heap_pagesize	n/a	○	hint for pq real-free page size in bytes
_recoverable_recovery_batch_percent	○	○	Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer cache)
_recovery_asserts	○	○	if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
_recovery_percentage	○	○	recovery buffer cache percentage
_recovery_read_limit	n/a	○	number of recovery reads which can be outstanding
_recovery_skip_cfseq_check	○	○	allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check fails
_recovery_verify_writes	○	○	enable thread recovery write verify
_recursive_imu_transactions	○	○	recursive transactions may be IMU
_recursive_with_max_recursion_level	n/a	○	check for maximum level of recursion instead of checking for cycles
_redef_on_statement	n/a	○	Use on-statement refresh in online redefinition
_redo_compatibility_check	○	○	general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
_redo_log_debug_config	n/a	○	Various configuration flags for debugging redo logs
_redo_log_record_life	n/a	○	Life time in hours for redo log table records
_redo_read_from_memory	○	○	Enable reading redo from in-memory log buffer
_redo_transport_compress_all	○	○	Is ASYNC LNS compression allowed?
_redo_transport_sanity_check	n/a	○	redo transport sanity check bit mask
_redo_transport_stall_time	n/a	○	I/O stall time before terminating redo transport process
_redo_transport_stall_time_long	n/a	○	long I/O stall time before terminating redo transport process
_redo_transport_stream_test	n/a	○	test stream connection?
_redo_transport_stream_writes	n/a	○	Stream network writes?
_redo_transport_vio_size_req	n/a	○	VIO size requirement
_reduce_sby_log_scan	○	○	enable stabdby log scan optimization	enable standby log scan optimization
_region_name	n/a	○	gsm region name
_release_insert_threshold	○	○	maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from freelist
_reliable_block_sends	○	○	if TRUE, block sends across interconnect are reliable	if TRUE, no side channel on reliable interconnect
_relocate_pdb	n/a	○	Relocate PDB to another RAC instance after it is closed in the current instance
_relocation_commit_batch_size	n/a	○	ASM relocation commit batch size
_remote_asm	n/a	○	remote ASM configuration
_remote_awr_enabled	n/a	○	Enable/disable Remote AWR Mode
_remove_aggr_subquery	○	○	enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
_remove_exf_component	n/a	○	enable/disable removing of components EXF and RUL during upgrade
_rep_base_path	n/a	○	base path for EM reports in database
_replace_virtual_columns	○	○	replace expressions with virtual columns
_report_capture_cycle_time	n/a	○	Time (in sec) between two cycles of report capture daemon
_report_capture_dbtime_percent_cutoff	n/a	○	100X Percent of system db time daemon is allowed over 10 cycles
_report_capture_recharge_window	n/a	○	No of report capture cycles after which db time is recharged
_report_capture_timeband_length	n/a	○	Length of time band (in hours) in the reports time bands table
_report_request_ageout_minutes	n/a	○	Time (in min) after which a report request is deleted from queue
_reset_maxcap_history	n/a	○	reset maxcap history time
_resource_includes_unlimited_tablespace	n/a	○	Whether RESOURCE role includes UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege
_resource_manager_always_off	○	○	disable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_always_on	○	n/a	enable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_plan	n/a	○	resource mgr top plan for internal use
_restore_maxopenfiles	n/a	○	restore assumption for maxopenfiles
_restore_spfile	○	○	restore spfile to this location
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_duration	n/a	○	result cache auto dml monitoring duration
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_slots	n/a	○	result cache auto dml monitoring slot
_result_cache_auto_dml_threshold	n/a	○	result cache auto dml threshold
_result_cache_auto_dml_trend_threshold	n/a	○	result cache auto dml trend threshold
_result_cache_auto_execution_threshold	○	○	result cache auto execution threshold
_result_cache_auto_size_threshold	○	○	result cache auto max size allowed
_result_cache_auto_time_distance	○	○	result cache auto time distance
_result_cache_auto_time_threshold	○	○	result cache auto time threshold
_result_cache_block_size	○	○	result cache block size
_result_cache_copy_block_count	n/a	○	blocks to copy instead of pinning the result
_result_cache_deterministic_plsql	n/a	○	result cache deterministic PLSQL functions
_result_cache_global	n/a	○	Are results available globally across RAC?
_result_cache_timeout	○	○	maximum time (sec) a session waits for a result
_resumable_critical_alert	n/a	○	raise critical alert for resumable failure
_reuse_index_loop	○	○	number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
_right_outer_hash_enable	○	○	Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
_rm_cluster_interconnects	n/a	○	interconnects for RAC use (RM)
_rm_numa_sched_enable	○	○	Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy enabled
_rm_numa_simulation_cpus	○	○	number of cpus per PG for numa simulation in resource manager	number of cpus for each pg for numa simulation in resource manager
_rm_numa_simulation_pgs	○	○	number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
_rman_io_priority	○	○	priority at which rman backup i/o's are done
_rman_restore_through_link	○	n/a	RMAN restore through link
_rman_roundrobin_placement	n/a	○	Numa round robin placement for RMAN procs
_rollback_segment_count	○	○	number of undo segments
_rollback_segment_initial	○	○	starting undo segment number
_rollback_stopat	○	○	stop at -position to step rollback
_rond_test_mode	n/a	○	rac one node test mode
_row_cache_cursors	○	○	number of cached cursors for row cache management
_row_cr	○	○	enable row cr for all sql
_row_locking	○	○	row-locking
_row_shipping_explain	○	○	enable row shipping explain plan support
_row_shipping_threshold	○	○	row shipping column selection threshold
_rowlen_for_chaining_threshold	n/a	○	maximum rowlen above which rows may be chained across blocks
_rowsets_cdb_view_enabled	n/a	○	rowsets enabled for CDB views
_rowsets_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable rowsets
_rowsets_max_rows	n/a	○	maximum number of rows in a rowset
_rowsets_target_maxsize	n/a	○	target size in bytes for space reserved in the frame for a rowset
_rowsource_execution_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
_rowsource_profiling_statistics	○	○	if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in v$active_session_history
_rowsource_statistics_sampfreq	○	○	frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a power of 2)
_rowsrc_trace_level	○	○	Row source tree tracing level
_rta_sync_wait_timeout	n/a	○	RTA sync wait timeout
_rtaddm_trigger_args	n/a	○	comma-separated list of numeric arguments for RT addm trigger
_rtaddm_trigger_enabled	n/a	○	To enable or disable Real-Time ADDM automatic trigger
_rtc_infeasible_threshold	○	○	Redo Transport Compression infeasible threshold
_sample_rows_per_block	○	○	number of rows per block used for sampling IO optimization
_scalar_type_lob_storage_threshold	n/a	○	threshold for VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW storage as BLOB
_scatter_gcs_resources	○	○	if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_scatter_gcs_shadows	○	○	if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_sched_delay_max_samples	n/a	○	scheduling delay maximum number of samples
_sched_delay_measurement_sleep_us	n/a	○	scheduling delay mesurement sleep us
_sched_delay_os_tick_granularity_us	n/a	○	os tick granularity used by scheduling delay calculations
_sched_delay_sample_collection_thresh_ms	n/a	○	scheduling delay sample collection duration threshold ms
_sched_delay_sample_interval_ms	n/a	○	scheduling delay sampling interval in ms
_scn_wait_interface_max_backoff_time_secs	○	○	max exponential backoff time for scn wait interface in kta
_scn_wait_interface_max_timeout_secs	○	○	max timeout for scn wait interface in kta
_sdiag_crash	○	○	sql diag crash
_sec_enable_test_rpcs	○	○	Whether to enable the test RPCs
_second_spare_parameter	○	○	second spare parameter - integer
_securefile_log_num_latches	n/a	○	Maximum number of open descriptors for securefile log
_securefile_log_shared_pool_size	n/a	○	Size of securefile log buffer pool from SGA
_securefile_timers	○	○	collect kdlu timers and accumulate per layers
_securefiles_breakreten_retry	n/a	○	segment retry before dishonoring retention
_securefiles_bulkinsert	n/a	○	securefiles segment insert only optization
_securefiles_concurrency_estimate	○	○	securefiles concurrency estimate
_securefiles_fg_retry	n/a	○	segment retry before foreground waits
_securefiles_forceflush	n/a	○	securefiles force flush before allocation
_securefiles_memory_percentofSGA	n/a	○	securefiles memory as percent of SGA
_securefiles_spcutl	n/a	○	securefiles segment utl optimization
_select_any_dictionary_security_enabled	n/a	○	Exclude USER$, XS$VERIFIERS, ENC$ and DEFAULT_PWD$ from SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege
_selectivity_for_srf_enabled	○	○	enable/disable selectivity for storage reduction factor
_selfjoin_mv_duplicates	○	○	control rewrite self-join algorithm
_selftune_checkpoint_write_pct	○	○	Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
_selftune_checkpointing_lag	○	○	Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
_sem_per_semid	n/a	○	the exact number of semaphores per semaphore set to allocate
_send_ast_to_foreground	○	○	if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
_send_close_with_block	○	○	if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
_send_requests_to_pi	○	○	if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
_serial_direct_read	○	○	enable direct read in serial
_serial_log_write_worker_io	n/a	○	Serialize log write slave I/O
_serial_recovery	○	○	force serial recovery or parallel recovery
_serializable	○	○	serializable
_serialize_lgwr_sync_io	n/a	○	Serialize LGWR SYNC local and remote io
_service_cleanup_timeout	n/a	○	timeout to peform service cleanup
_session_allocation_latches	n/a	○	one latch per group of sessions
_session_cached_instantiations	○	○	Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
_session_context_size	○	○	session app context size
_session_idle_bit_latches	○	○	one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
_session_idle_check_interval	○	n/a	Resource Manager session idle limit check interval in seconds
_session_kept_cursor_pins	○	n/a	Number of cursors pins to keep in a session
_session_page_extent	n/a	○	Session Page Extent Size
_session_wait_history	○	○	enable session wait history collection
_set_container_service	n/a	○	set container service
_set_mgd_recovery_state	n/a	○	set mgd recovery state to new value
_seventeenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	seventeenth spare parameter - string
_seventh_spare_parameter	○	○	seventh spare parameter - string list	seventh spare parameter - integer
_sf_default_enabled	n/a	○	enable 12g securefile default
_sga_alloc_slaves_term_timeout_secs	n/a	○	Termination timeout in secs for SA** slaves
_sga_clear_dump	○	○	Allow dumping encrypted blocks in clear for debugging
_sga_early_trace	○	○	sga early trace event
_sga_locking	○	○	sga granule locking state
_shared_io_pool_buf_size	○	○	Shared IO pool buffer size
_shared_io_pool_debug_trc	○	○	trace kcbi debug info to tracefile
_shared_io_pool_size	○	○	Size of shared IO pool
_shared_io_set_value	○	○	shared io pool size set internal value - overwrite zero user size
_shared_iop_max_size	○	○	maximum shared io pool size
_shared_pool_max_size	○	○	shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_minsize_on	○	○	shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc	○	○	minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of shared pool
_shared_pool_reserved_pct	○	○	percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the reserved area
_shared_server_load_balance	○	○	shared server load balance
_shared_server_num_queues	○	○	number of shared server common queues
_shmprotect	n/a	○	allow mprotect use for shared memory
_short_stack_timeout_ms	○	○	short stack timeout in ms
_show_mgd_recovery_state	n/a	○	Show internal managed recovery state
_shrd_que_tm_processes	n/a	○	number of sharded queue Time Managers to start
_shrd_que_tm_statistics_duration	n/a	○	Shaded queue statistics collection window duration
_shrunk_aggs_disable_threshold	○	○	percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full length aggs
_shrunk_aggs_enabled	○	○	enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct aggregates
_shutdown_completion_timeout_mins	n/a	○	minutes for shutdown operation to wait for sessions to complete
_side_channel_batch_size	○	○	number of messages to batch in a side channel message (DFS)
_side_channel_batch_timeout	○	○	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in seconds
_side_channel_batch_timeout_ms	○	○	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in milliseconds
_simple_view_merging	○	○	control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
_simulate_disk_sectorsize	n/a	○	Enables skgfr to report simulated disk sector size
_simulate_io_wait	n/a	○	Simulate I/O wait to test segment advisor
_simulate_mem_transfer	○	○	simulate auto memory sga/pga transfers
_simulated_log_write_usecs	n/a	○	Simulated latency of log writes (usecs)
_simulator_bucket_mindelta	○	○	LRU bucket minimum delta
_simulator_internal_bound	○	○	simulator internal bound percent
_simulator_lru_rebalance_sizthr	○	○	LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
_simulator_lru_rebalance_thresh	○	○	LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
_simulator_lru_scan_count	○	○	LRU scan count
_simulator_pin_inval_maxcnt	○	○	maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
_simulator_reserved_heap_count	○	○	simulator reserved heap count
_simulator_reserved_obj_count	○	○	simulator reserved object count
_simulator_sampling_factor	○	○	sampling factor for the simulator
_simulator_upper_bound_multiple	○	○	upper bound multiple of pool size
_single_process	○	○	run without detached processes
_siop_flashback_scandepth	○	○	Shared IO pool flashback io completion scan depth
_siop_perc_of_bc_x100	n/a	○	percentange * 100 of cache to transfer to shared io pool
_sixteenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	sixteenth spare parameter - string
_sixth_spare_parameter	○	○	sixth spare parameter - string list	sixth spare parameter - integer
_skgxp_ant_options	n/a	○	SKGXP ANT options (oss)
_skgxp_ctx_flags1	○	○	IPC debug options flags (oss)
_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	○	○	IPC debug options flags mask (oss)
_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	○	○	IPC protocol override (!0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,0x1000=ipc_X)
_skgxp_gen_ant_off_rpc_timeout_in_sec	○	○	VRPC request timeout when ANT disabled
_skgxp_gen_ant_ping_misscount	○	○	ANT protocol ping miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_no_path_check_in_sec	○	○	ANT ping protocol miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_timeout_in_sec	○	○	VRPC request timeout when ANT enabled
_skgxp_inets	○	○	limit SKGXP networks	limit SKGXP networks (oss)
_skgxp_min_rpc_rcv_zcpy_len	○	○	IPC threshold for rpc rcv zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_min_zcpy_len	○	○	IPC threshold for zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_reaping	○	○	tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
_skgxp_rgn_ports	n/a	○	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_skgxp_spare_param1	n/a	○	ipc oss spare parameter 1
_skgxp_spare_param2	n/a	○	ipc oss spare parameter 2
_skgxp_spare_param3	n/a	○	ipc oss spare parameter 3
_skgxp_spare_param4	n/a	○	ipc oss spare parameter 4
_skgxp_spare_param5	n/a	○	ipc oss spare parameter 5
_skgxp_udp_ach_reaping_time	○	○	time in minutes before idle ach's are reaped
_skgxp_udp_ack_delay	○	○	Enables delayed acks
_skgxp_udp_enable_dynamic_credit_mgmt	○	○	Enables dynamic credit management
_skgxp_udp_hiwat_warn	○	○	ach hiwat mark warning interval
_skgxp_udp_interface_detection_time_secs	○	○	time in seconds between interface detection checks
_skgxp_udp_keep_alive_ping_timer_secs	○	○	connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
_skgxp_udp_lmp_mtusize	○	○	MTU size for UDP LMP testing
_skgxp_udp_lmp_on	○	○	enable UDP long message protection
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_buffering	○	○	diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed wait (0 means unbufferd
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_seconds	○	○	time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
_skgxp_udp_use_tcb	○	○	disable use of high speek timer
_skgxp_zcpy_flags	○	○	IPC zcpy options flags
_skgxpg_last_parameter	n/a	○	last defined skgxpg parameter - oss
_skip_acfs_checks	n/a	○	Override checking if on an ACFS file system
_skip_assume_msg	○	○	if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
_skip_trstamp_check	n/a	○	Skip terminal recovery stamp check
_slave_mapping_enabled	○	○	enable slave mapping when TRUE
_slave_mapping_group_size	○	○	force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
_slave_mapping_skew_ratio	n/a	○	maximum skew before slave mapping is disabled
_small_table_threshold	○	○	threshold level of table size for direct reads	lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_smm_advice_enabled	○	○	if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
_smm_advice_log_size	○	○	overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
_smm_auto_cost_enabled	○	○	if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
_smm_auto_max_io_size	○	○	Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_min_io_size	○	○	Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_bound	○	○	overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
_smm_control	○	○	provides controls on the memory manager
_smm_freeable_retain	○	○	value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to retain
_smm_isort_cap	○	○	maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
_smm_max_size	○	○	maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_max_size_static	n/a	○	static maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_min_size	○	○	minimum work area size in auto mode
_smm_px_max_size	○	○	maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_px_max_size_static	n/a	○	static maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_retain_size	○	○	work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions (0 for AUTO)
_smm_trace	○	○	Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
_smon_internal_errlimit	○	○	limit of SMON internal errors
_smon_undo_seg_rescan_limit	○	○	limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
_smu_debug_mode	○	○	<debug-flag> - set debug event for testing SMU operations
_smu_error_simulation_site	○	○	site ID of error simulation in KTU code
_smu_error_simulation_type	○	○	error type for error simulation in KTU code
_smu_timeouts	○	○	comma-separated *AND double-quoted* list of AUM timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl
_snapshot_recovery_enabled	n/a	○	enable/disable snapshot recovery
_sort_elimination_cost_ratio	○	○	cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
_sort_multiblock_read_count	○	○	multi-block read count for sort
_sort_spill_threshold	n/a	○	force sort to spill to disk each time this many rows are received
_sort_sync_min_spill_threshold	n/a	○	controls the mininum spill size for synchronized spill (in percent)
_sort_sync_min_spillsize	n/a	○	controls the size of mininum run size for synchronized spill (in kb)
_space_align_size	○	○	space align size
_spare_test_parameter	n/a	○	Spare test parameter
_spawn_diag_opts	n/a	○	thread spawn diagnostic options
_spawn_diag_thresh_secs	n/a	○	thread spawn diagnostic minimal threshold in seconds
_spin_count	○	○	Amount to spin waiting for a latch
_spr_max_rules	○	○	maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
_spr_push_pred_refspr	○	○	push predicates through reference spreadsheet
_spr_use_AW_AS	○	○	enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
_spr_use_hash_table	○	○	use hash table for spreadsheet
_sql_analyze_enable_auto_txn	n/a	○	SQL Analyze Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_sql_analyze_parse_model	○	○	SQL Analyze Parse Model control parameter
_sql_compatibility	n/a	○	sql compatability bit vector
_sql_connect_capability_override	○	○	SQL Connect Capability Table Override
_sql_connect_capability_table	○	○	SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
_sql_diag_repo_origin	n/a	○	duarations where sql diag repository are retained
_sql_diag_repo_retain	n/a	○	retain sql diag repository to cursor or not
_sql_hash_debug	○	○	Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
_sql_hvshare_debug	n/a	○	control hash value sharing debug level
_sql_hvshare_threshold	n/a	○	threshold to control hash value sharing across operators
_sql_model_unfold_forloops	○	○	specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
_sql_ncg_mode	n/a	○	Optimization mode for SQL NCG
_sql_plan_directive_mgmt_control	n/a	○	controls internal SQL Plan Directive management activities
_sql_plan_management_control	○	○	controls various internal SQL Plan Management algorithms
_sql_show_expreval	n/a	○	show expression evalution as shared hash producer in plan
_sqlexec_progression_cost	○	○	sql execution progression monitoring cost threshold
_sqlmon_binds_xml_format	n/a	○	format of column binds_xml in [G]V$SQL_MONITOR
_sqlmon_max_plan	○	○	Maximum number of plans entry that can be monitored. Defaults to 20 per CPU
_sqlmon_max_planlines	○	○	Number of plan lines beyond which a plan cannot be monitored
_sqlmon_recycle_time	n/a	○	Minimum time (in s) to wait before a plan entry can be recycled
_sqlmon_threshold	○	○	CPU/IO time threshold before a statement is monitored. 0 is disabled
_sqltune_category_parsed	○	○	Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
_srvntfn_job_deq_timeout	○	○	srvntfn job deq timeout
_srvntfn_jobsubmit_interval	○	○	srvntfn job submit interval
_srvntfn_max_concurrent_jobs	○	○	srvntfn max concurrent jobs
_srvntfn_q_msgcount	○	○	srvntfn q msg count for job exit
_srvntfn_q_msgcount_inc	○	○	srvntfn q msg count increase for job submit
_sscr_dir	○	○	Session State Capture and Restore DIRectory object
_sscr_osdir	○	○	Session State Capture and Restore OS DIRectory
_sta_control	○	○	SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
_stack_guard_level	○	○	stack guard level
_standby_causal_heartbeat_timeout	n/a	○	readable standby causal heartbeat timeout
_standby_flush_mode	n/a	○	standby flush mode
_standby_implicit_rcv_timeout	n/a	○	minutes to wait for redo during standby implicit recovery
_standby_switchover_timeout	○	○	Number of secords for standby switchover enqueue timeout
_stat_aggs_one_pass_algorithm	n/a	○	enable one pass algorithm for variance-related functions
_static_backgrounds	○	○	static backgrounds
_statistics_based_srf_enabled	○	○	enable/disable the use of statistics for storage reduction factor
_step_down_limit_in_pct	○	○	step down limit in percentage
_stn_trace	○	n/a	SQL tracing parameter
_streams_pool_max_size	○	○	streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_subquery_pruning_cost_factor	○	○	subquery pruning cost factor
_subquery_pruning_enabled	○	○	enable the use of subquery predicates to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_mv_enabled	○	○	enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_reduction	○	○	subquery pruning reduction factor
_suppress_identifiers_on_dupkey	n/a	○	supress owner index name err msg
_switch_current_scan_scn	n/a	○	switch current uses scan scn
_switchover_timeout	n/a	○	Switchover timeout in minutes
_switchover_to_standby_option	n/a	○	option for graceful switchover to standby
_switchover_to_standby_switch_log	n/a	○	Switchover to standby switches log for open redo threads
_swrf_metric_frequent_mode	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
_swrf_mmon_dbfus	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
_swrf_mmon_flush	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
_swrf_mmon_metrics	○	○	Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
_swrf_on_disk_enabled	○	○	Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
_swrf_test_action	○	○	test action parameter for SWRF
_swrf_test_dbfus	○	○	Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
_sync_primary_wait_time	n/a	○	wait time for alter session sync with primary
_synonym_repoint_tracing	○	○	whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym repointing
_sys_logon_delay	n/a	○	failed logon delay for sys
_sysaux_test_param	○	○	test parameter for SYSAUX
_system_api_interception_debug	n/a	○	enable debug tracing for system api interception
_system_index_caching	○	○	optimizer percent system index caching
_system_trig_enabled	○	○	are system triggers enabled
_ta_lns_wait_for_arch_log	○	○	LNS Wait time for arhcived version of online log
_table_lookup_prefetch_size	○	○	table lookup prefetch vector size
_table_lookup_prefetch_thresh	○	○	table lookup prefetch threshold
_table_scan_cost_plus_one	○	○	bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by one
_tablespaces_per_transaction	○	○	estimated number of tablespaces manipulated by each transaction
_target_log_write_size	n/a	○	Do log write if this many redo blocks in buffer (auto=0)
_target_log_write_size_timeout	n/a	○	How long LGWR will wait for redo to accumulate (csecs)
_target_rba_max_lag_percentage	○	○	target rba max log lag percentage
_tdb_debug_mode	○	○	set debug mode for testing transportable database
_temp_tran_block_threshold	○	○	number of blocks for a dimension before we temp transform
_temp_tran_cache	○	○	determines if temp table is created with cache option
_temp_undo_disable_adg	n/a	○	is temp undo disabled on ADG
_tenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	tenth spare parameter - integer
_test_hm_extent_map	n/a	○	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only
_test_ksusigskip	○	○	test the function ksusigskip
_test_param_1	○	○	test parmeter 1 - integer
_test_param_2	○	○	test parameter 2 - string
_test_param_3	○	○	test parameter 3 - string
_test_param_4	○	○	test parameter 4 - string list
_test_param_5	○	○	test parmeter 5 - deprecated integer
_test_param_6	○	○	test parmeter 6 - size (ub8)
_test_param_7	n/a	○	test parameter 7 - big integer list
_test_param_8	n/a	○	test parameter 8 - cdb tests
_test_spacebg	○	n/a	test space management background task
_third_spare_parameter	○	○	third spare parameter - integer
_thirteenth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	thirteenth spare parameter - integer
_thread_state_change_timeout_pnp	n/a	○	Thread state change timeout for PnP instance (in sec)
_threshold_alerts_enable	○	○	if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
_time_based_rcv_ckpt_target	n/a	○	time-based incremental recovery checkpoint target in sec
_time_based_rcv_hdr_update_interval	n/a	○	time-based incremental recovery file header update interval in sec
_timemodel_collection	○	○	enable timemodel collection
_timeout_actions_enabled	○	○	enables or disables KSU timeout actions
_timer_precision	○	○	VKTM sleep time in milli-sec	VKTM timer precision in milli-sec
_total_large_extent_memory	○	○	Total memory for allocating large extents
_tq_dump_period	○	○	time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
_trace_buffer_wait_timeouts	○	○	trace buffer busy wait timeouts
_trace_buffers	○	○	trace buffer sizes per process
_trace_dump_all_procs	○	○	if TRUE on error buckets of all processes will be dumped to the current trace file
_trace_dump_client_buckets	○	○	if TRUE dump client (ie. non-kst) buckets
_trace_dump_cur_proc_only	○	○	if TRUE on error just dump our process bucket
_trace_dump_static_only	○	○	if TRUE filter trace dumps to always loaded dlls
_trace_events	○	○	trace events enabled at startup
_trace_files_public	○	○	Create publicly accessible trace files
_trace_kqlidp	○	○	trace kqlidp0 operation
_trace_ktfs	n/a	○	Trace ILM Stats Tracking
_trace_ktfs_mem	n/a	○	Debug memleak
_trace_navigation_scope	○	○	enabling trace navigation linking
_trace_pin_time	○	○	trace how long a current pin is held
_trace_pool_size	○	○	trace pool size in bytes
_trace_processes	○	○	enable KST tracing in process
_trace_temp	n/a	○	Trace Tempspace Management
_trace_virtual_columns	○	○	trace virtual columns exprs
_track_metrics_memory	n/a	○	Enable/disable Metrics Memory Tracking
_transaction_auditing	○	○	transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
_transaction_recovery_servers	○	○	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
_transient_logical_clear_hold_mrp_bit	○	○	clear KCCDI2HMRP flag during standby recovery
_truncate_optimization_enabled	○	○	do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
_tsenc_obfuscate_key	n/a	○	Encryption key obfuscation in memory
_tsenc_tracing	○	○	Enable TS encryption tracing
_tsm_connect_string	○	○	TSM test connect string
_tsm_disable_auto_cleanup	○	○	Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
_tstz_localtime_bypass	n/a	○	Should TTC not convert to LocalTime to preserve Timestamp with Timezone values
_tts_allow_charset_mismatch	○	○	allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible character set
_twelfth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twelfth spare parameter - integer
_twentieth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twentieth spare parameter - string
_twenty-eighth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-eighth spare parameter - boolean
_twenty-fifth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-fifth spare parameter - string list
_twenty-first_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-first spare parameter - string list
_twenty-fourth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-fourth spare parameter - string list
_twenty-second_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-second spare parameter - string list
_twenty-seventh_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-seventh spare parameter - boolean
_twenty-sixth_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-sixth spare parameter - boolean
_twenty-third_spare_parameter	n/a	○	twenty-third spare parameter - string list
_two_pass	○	○	enable two-pass thread recovery
_two_pass_reverse_polish_enabled	○	○	uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical forms
_txn_control_trace_buf_size	n/a	○	size the in-memory buffer size of txn control
_uga_cga_large_extent_size	○	○	UGA/CGA large extent size
_ultrafast_latch_statistics	○	○	maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
_undo_autotune	○	○	enable auto tuning of undo_retention
_undo_block_compression	○	○	enable undo block compression
_undo_debug_mode	○	○	debug flag for undo related operations
_undo_debug_usage	○	○	invoke undo usage functions for testing
_unified_audit_flush_interval	n/a	○	Unified Audit SGA Queue Flush Interval
_unified_audit_flush_threshold	n/a	○	Unified Audit SGA Queue Flush Threshold
_unified_audit_policy_disabled	n/a	○	Disable Default Unified Audit Policies on DB Create
_union_rewrite_for_gs	○	○	expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
_unnest_subquery	○	○	enables unnesting of correlated subqueries	enables unnesting of complex subqueries
_unused_block_compression	○	○	enable unused block compression
_update_datafile_headers_with_space_information	○	○	user requested update of datafile headers of locally managed datafiles with space information
_upddel_dba_hash_mask_bits	n/a	○	controls masking of lower order bits in DBA
_use_adaptive_log_file_sync	n/a	○	Adaptively switch between post/wait and polling
_use_best_fit	○	○	use best fit to allocate space
_use_column_stats_for_function	○	○	enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
_use_fips_mode	n/a	○	Enable use of crypographic libraries in FIPS mode
_use_hidden_partitions	n/a	○	use hidden partitions
_use_hybrid_encryption_mode	n/a	○	Enable platform optimized encryption in hybrid mode
_use_ism	○	○	Enable Shared Page Tables - ISM
_use_ism_for_pga	○	○	Use ISM for allocating large extents
_use_nosegment_indexes	○	○	use nosegment indexes in explain plan
_use_platform_compression_lib	n/a	○	Enable platform optimized compression implementation
_use_platform_encryption_lib	n/a	○	Enable platform optimized encryption implementation
_use_realfree_heap	○	○	use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
_use_seq_process_cache	○	○	whether to use process local seq cache
_use_single_log_writer	n/a	○	Use a single process for redo log writing
_use_vector_post	○	○	use vector post
_use_zero_copy_io	○	○	Should network vector IO interface be used for data transfer
_utlmmig_table_stats_gathering	n/a	○	enable/disable utlmmig table stats gathering at upgrade
_uts_first_segment_retain	n/a	○	Should we retain the first trace segment
_uts_first_segment_size	n/a	○	Maximum size (in bytes) of first segments
_uts_trace_disk_threshold	n/a	○	Trace disk threshold parameter
_uts_trace_segment_size	n/a	○	Maximum size (in bytes) of a trace segment
_uts_trace_segments	n/a	○	Maximum number of trace segments
_validate_flashback_database	○	○	Scan database to validate result of flashback database
_validate_metric_groups	n/a	○	Enable/disable SGA Metric Structure validation
_validate_readmem_redo	○	○	validate redo blocks read from in-memory log buffer
_vendor_lib_loc	○	○	Vendor library search root directory
_verify_fg_log_checksum	n/a	○	LGWR verifies redo checksums generated by foreground processes
_verify_flashback_redo	○	○	Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are available
_verify_undo_quota	○	○	TRUE - verify consistency of undo quota statistics
_very_large_object_threshold	n/a	○	upper threshold level of object size for direct reads
_very_large_partitioned_table	○	○	very_large_partitioned_table
_virtual_column_overload_allowed	○	○	overload virtual columns expression
_vkrm_schedule_interval	n/a	○	VKRM scheduling interval
_vktm_assert_thresh	n/a	○	soft assert threshold VKTM timer drift
_wait_breakup_threshold_csecs	○	○	Wait breakup threshold (in centiseconds)
_wait_breakup_time_csecs	○	○	Wait breakup time (in centiseconds)
_wait_for_sync	○	○	wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
_wait_samples_max_sections	○	○	Wait Samples maximum sections
_wait_samples_max_time_secs	○	○	Wait Samples maximum time in seconds
_wait_tracker_interval_secs	○	○	Wait Tracker number of seconds per interval
_wait_tracker_num_intervals	○	○	Wait Tracker number of intervals
_wait_yield_hp_mode	n/a	○	Wait Yield - High Priority Mode
_wait_yield_mode	n/a	○	Wait Yield - Mode
_wait_yield_sleep_freq	n/a	○	Wait Yield - Sleep Frequency
_wait_yield_sleep_time_msecs	n/a	○	Wait Yield - Sleep Time (in milliseconds)
_wait_yield_yield_freq	n/a	○	Wait Yield - Yield Frequency
_walk_insert_threshold	○	○	maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across freelist
_watchpoint_on	○	○	is the watchpointing feature turned on?
_wcr_control	○	○	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for testing!
_wcr_grv_cache_size	n/a	○	Oracle internal: Set the replay cache size for WRR$_REPLAY_DATA.
_wcr_seq_cache_size	n/a	○	Oracle internal: Set the replay cache size for WRR$_REPLAY_SEQ_DATA.
_widetab_comp_enabled	n/a	○	wide table compression enabled
_windowfunc_optimization_settings	○	○	settings for window function optimizations
_with_subquery	○	○	WITH subquery transformation
_write_clones	○	○	write clones flag
_xa_internal_retries	n/a	○	number of internal retries for xa transactions
_xds_max_child_cursors	n/a	○	Maximum number of XDS user-specific child cursors
_xengem_devname	n/a	○	override default VM GEM device name used by skgvm
_xengem_diagmode	n/a	○	set to OFF to disable VM GEM support and functionalities
_xengem_enabled	n/a	○	Enable OVM GEM support
_xpl_peeked_binds_log_size	○	○	maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)
_xpl_trace	○	○	Explain Plan tracing parameter
_xs_cleanup_task	n/a	○	Triton Session Cleanup
_xs_dispatcher_only	n/a	○	XS dispatcher only mode
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_bound	○	○	OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_type	○	○	OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
_xsolapi_build_trace	○	○	OLAP API output build info to trace file
_xsolapi_debug_output	○	○	OLAP API debug output disposition
_xsolapi_densify_cubes	○	○	OLAP API cube densification
_xsolapi_dimension_group_creation	○	○	OLAP API symmetric overfetch
_xsolapi_dml_trace	○	○	OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace file
_xsolapi_fetch_type	○	○	OLAP API fetch type
_xsolapi_fix_vptrs	○	○	OLAP API Enable vptr fixing logic in shared server mode
_xsolapi_generate_with_clause	○	○	OLAP API generates WITH clause?
_xsolapi_hierarchy_value_type	○	○	OLAP API hierarchy value type
_xsolapi_load_at_process_start	○	○	When to load OLAP API library at server process start
_xsolapi_materialization_rowcache_min_rows_for_use	○	○	OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in query materialization
_xsolapi_materialize_sources	○	○	OLAP API Enable source materialization
_xsolapi_metadata_reader_mode	○	○	OLAP API metadata reader mode
_xsolapi_odbo_mode	○	○	OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
_xsolapi_opt_aw_position	○	○	OLAP API enables AW position and count optimization?
_xsolapi_optimize_suppression	○	○	OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
_xsolapi_precompute_subquery	○	○	OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
_xsolapi_remove_columns_for_materialization	○	○	OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
_xsolapi_set_nls	○	○	OLAP API sets NLS?
_xsolapi_share_executors	○	○	OLAP API share executors?
_xsolapi_source_trace	○	○	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
_xsolapi_sql_all_multi_join_non_base_hints	○	○	OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_all_non_base_hints	○	○	OLAP API non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_dimension_hints	○	○	OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_measure_hints	○	○	OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_dimension_hints	○	○	OLAP API dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_join	○	○	OLAP API enables AW join?
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_qdr_merge	○	○	OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
_xsolapi_sql_hints	○	○	OLAP API generic hints
_xsolapi_sql_measure_hints	○	○	OLAP API measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_minus_threshold	○	○	OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
_xsolapi_sql_optimize	○	○	OLAP API enable optimization
_xsolapi_sql_prepare_stmt_cache_size	○	○	OLAP API prepare statement cache size
_xsolapi_sql_remove_columns	○	○	OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
_xsolapi_sql_result_set_cache_size	○	○	OLAP API result set cache size
_xsolapi_sql_symmetric_predicate	○	○	OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension groups
_xsolapi_sql_top_dimension_hints	○	○	OLAP API top dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_top_measure_hints	○	○	OLAP API top measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_use_bind_variables	○	○	OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
_xsolapi_stringify_order_levels	○	○	OLAP API stringifies order levels?
_xsolapi_support_mtm	○	○	OLAP API MTM mapping classes supported?
_xsolapi_suppression_aw_mask_threshold	○	○	OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
_xsolapi_suppression_chunk_size	○	○	OLAP API suppression chunk size
_xsolapi_use_models	○	○	OLAP API uses models?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml	○	○	OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml_for_rank	○	○	OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
_xt_coverage	○	○	external tables code coverage parameter
_xt_trace	○	○	external tables trace parameter
_xtbuffer_size	○	○	buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
_xtts_allow_pre10	○	○	allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
_xtts_set_platform_info	○	○	set cross platform info during file header read
_yield_check_interval	○	n/a	interval to check whether actses should yield
_zonemap_control	n/a	○	control different uses/algorithms related to zonemaps
_zonemap_staleness_tracking	n/a	○	control the staleness tracking of zonemaps via trigger
_zonemap_use_enabled	n/a	○	enable the use of zonemaps for IO pruning
active_instance_count	○	○	number of active instances in the cluster database
aq_tm_processes	○	○	number of AQ Time Managers to start
archive_lag_target	○	○	Maximum number of seconds of redos the standby could lose
asm_diskgroups	○	○	disk groups to mount automatically
asm_diskstring	○	○	disk set locations for discovery
asm_power_limit	○	○	number of processes for disk rebalancing	number of parallel relocations for disk rebalancing
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups	○	○	preferred read failure groups
audit_file_dest	○	○	Directory in which auditing files are to reside
audit_sys_operations	○	○	enable sys auditing
audit_syslog_level	○	○	Syslog facility and level
audit_trail	○	○	enable system auditing
awr_snapshot_time_offset	n/a	○	Setting for AWR Snapshot Time Offset
background_core_dump	○	○	Core Size for Background Processes
background_dump_dest	○	○	Detached process dump directory
backup_tape_io_slaves	○	○	BACKUP Tape I/O slaves
bitmap_merge_area_size	○	○	maximum memory allow for BITMAP MERGE
blank_trimming	○	○	blank trimming semantics parameter
buffer_pool_keep	○	○	Number of database blocks/latches in keep buffer pool
buffer_pool_recycle	○	○	Number of database blocks/latches in recycle buffer pool
cell_offload_compaction	○	○	Cell packet compaction strategy
cell_offload_decryption	n/a	○	enable SQL processing offload of encrypted data to cells
cell_offload_parameters	○	○	Additional cell offload parameters
cell_offload_plan_display	○	○	Cell offload explain plan display
cell_offload_processing	○	○	enable SQL processing offload to cells
cell_offloadgroup_name	n/a	○	Set the offload group name
cell_partition_large_extents	○	n/a	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned tables
circuits	○	○	max number of circuits
client_result_cache_lag	○	○	client result cache maximum lag in milliseconds
client_result_cache_size	○	○	client result cache max size in bytes
clonedb	n/a	○	clone database
cluster_database	○	○	if TRUE startup in cluster database mode
cluster_database_instances	○	○	number of instances to use for sizing cluster db SGA structures
cluster_interconnects	○	○	interconnects for RAC use
commit_logging	○	○	transaction commit log write behaviour
commit_point_strength	○	○	Bias this node has toward not preparing in a two-phase commit
commit_wait	○	○	transaction commit log wait behaviour
commit_write	○	○	transaction commit log write behaviour
compatible	○	○	Database will be completely compatible with this software version
connection_brokers	n/a	○	connection brokers specification
control_file_record_keep_time	○	○	control file record keep time in days
control_files	○	○	control file names list
control_management_pack_access	○	○	declares which manageability packs are enabled
core_dump_dest	○	○	Core dump directory
cpu_count	○	○	number of CPUs for this instance
create_bitmap_area_size	○	○	size of create bitmap buffer for bitmap index
create_stored_outlines	○	○	create stored outlines for DML statements
cursor_bind_capture_destination	n/a	○	Allowed destination for captured bind variables
cursor_sharing	○	○	cursor sharing mode
cursor_space_for_time	○	○	use more memory in order to get faster execution
db_16k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 16K buffers
db_2k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 2K buffers
db_32k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 32K buffers
db_4k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 4K buffers
db_8k_cache_size	○	○	Size of cache for 8K buffers
db_big_table_cache_percent_target	n/a	○	Big table cache target size in percentage
db_block_buffers	○	○	Number of database blocks cached in memory
db_block_checking	○	○	header checking and data and index block checking
db_block_checksum	○	○	store checksum in db blocks and check during reads
db_block_size	○	○	Size of database block in bytes
db_cache_advice	○	○	Buffer cache sizing advisory
db_cache_size	○	○	Size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
db_create_file_dest	○	○	default database location
db_create_online_log_dest_1	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #1
db_create_online_log_dest_2	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #2
db_create_online_log_dest_3	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #3
db_create_online_log_dest_4	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #4
db_create_online_log_dest_5	○	○	online log/controlfile destination #5
db_domain	○	○	directory part of global database name stored with CREATE DATABASE
db_file_multiblock_read_count	○	○	db block to be read each IO
db_file_name_convert	○	○	datafile name convert patterns and strings for standby/clone db
db_files	○	○	max allowable # db files
db_flash_cache_file	n/a	○	flash cache file for default block size
db_flash_cache_size	n/a	○	flash cache size for db_flash_cache_file
db_flashback_retention_target	○	○	Maximum Flashback Database log retention time in minutes.
db_index_compression_inheritance	n/a	○	options for table or tablespace level compression inheritance
db_keep_cache_size	○	○	Size of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers
db_lost_write_protect	○	○	enable lost write detection
db_name	○	○	database name specified in CREATE DATABASE
db_recovery_file_dest	○	○	default database recovery file location
db_recovery_file_dest_size	○	○	database recovery files size limit
db_recycle_cache_size	○	○	Size of RECYCLE buffer pool for standard block size buffers
db_securefile	○	○	permit securefile storage during lob creation
db_ultra_safe	○	○	Sets defaults for other parameters that control protection levels
db_unique_name	○	○	Database Unique Name
db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking	n/a	○	Track nologging SCN in controlfile
db_writer_processes	○	○	number of background database writer processes to start
dbwr_io_slaves	○	○	DBWR I/O slaves
ddl_lock_timeout	○	○	timeout to restrict the time that ddls wait for dml lock
deferred_segment_creation	n/a	○	defer segment creation to first insert
dg_broker_config_file1	○	○	data guard broker configuration file #1
dg_broker_config_file2	○	○	data guard broker configuration file #2
dg_broker_start	○	○	start Data Guard broker framework (DMON process)	start Data Guard broker (DMON process)
diagnostic_dest	○	○	diagnostic base directory
disk_asynch_io	○	○	Use asynch I/O for random access devices
dispatchers	○	○	specifications of dispatchers
distributed_lock_timeout	○	○	number of seconds a distributed transaction waits for a lock
dml_locks	○	○	dml locks - one for each table modified in a transaction
dnfs_batch_size	n/a	○	Max number of dNFS asynch I/O requests queued per session
drs_start	○	n/a	start DG Broker monitor (DMON process)
dst_upgrade_insert_conv	n/a	○	Enables/Disables internal conversions during DST upgrade
enable_ddl_logging	○	○	enable ddl logging
enable_pluggable_database	n/a	○	Enable Pluggable Database
event	○	○	debug event control - default null string
fal_client	○	○	FAL client
fal_server	○	○	FAL server list
fast_start_io_target	○	○	Upper bound on recovery reads
fast_start_mttr_target	○	○	MTTR target in seconds
fast_start_parallel_rollback	○	○	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
file_mapping	○	○	enable file mapping
fileio_network_adapters	○	○	Network Adapters for File I/O
filesystemio_options	○	○	IO operations on filesystem files
fixed_date	○	○	fixed SYSDATE value
gc_files_to_locks	○	n/a	mapping between file numbers and global cache locks
gcs_server_processes	○	○	number of background gcs server processes to start
global_context_pool_size	○	○	Global Application Context Pool Size in Bytes
global_names	○	○	enforce that database links have same name as remote database
global_txn_processes	○	○	number of background global transaction processes to start
hash_area_size	○	○	size of in-memory hash work area
heat_map	n/a	○	ILM Heatmap Tracking
hi_shared_memory_address	○	○	SGA starting address (high order 32-bits on 64-bit platforms)
hs_autoregister	○	○	enable automatic server DD updates in HS agent self-registration
ifile	○	○	include file in init.ora
instance_groups	○	○	list of instance group names
instance_name	○	○	instance name supported by the instance
instance_number	○	○	instance number
instance_type	○	○	type of instance to be executed
java_jit_enabled	○	○	Java VM JIT enabled
java_max_sessionspace_size	○	○	max allowed size in bytes of a Java sessionspace
java_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of java pool
java_soft_sessionspace_limit	○	○	warning limit on size in bytes of a Java sessionspace
job_queue_processes	○	○	maximum number of job queue slave processes
large_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of large pool
ldap_directory_access	○	○	RDBMS's LDAP access option
ldap_directory_sysauth	○	○	OID usage parameter
license_max_sessions	○	○	maximum number of non-system user sessions allowed
license_max_users	○	○	maximum number of named users that can be created in the database
license_sessions_warning	○	○	warning level for number of non-system user sessions
listener_networks	n/a	○	listener registration networks
local_listener	○	○	local listener
lock_name_space	○	○	lock name space used for generating lock names for standby/clone database
lock_sga	○	○	Lock entire SGA in physical memory
log_archive_config	○	○	log archive config parameter
log_archive_dest	○	○	archival destination text string
log_archive_dest_1	○	○	archival destination #1 text string
log_archive_dest_10	○	○	archival destination #10 text string
log_archive_dest_11	n/a	○	archival destination #11 text string
log_archive_dest_12	n/a	○	archival destination #12 text string
log_archive_dest_13	n/a	○	archival destination #13 text string
log_archive_dest_14	n/a	○	archival destination #14 text string
log_archive_dest_15	n/a	○	archival destination #15 text string
log_archive_dest_16	n/a	○	archival destination #16 text string
log_archive_dest_17	n/a	○	archival destination #17 text string
log_archive_dest_18	n/a	○	archival destination #18 text string
log_archive_dest_19	n/a	○	archival destination #19 text string
log_archive_dest_2	○	○	archival destination #2 text string
log_archive_dest_20	n/a	○	archival destination #20 text string
log_archive_dest_21	n/a	○	archival destination #21 text string
log_archive_dest_22	n/a	○	archival destination #22 text string
log_archive_dest_23	n/a	○	archival destination #23 text string
log_archive_dest_24	n/a	○	archival destination #24 text string
log_archive_dest_25	n/a	○	archival destination #25 text string
log_archive_dest_26	n/a	○	archival destination #26 text string
log_archive_dest_27	n/a	○	archival destination #27 text string
log_archive_dest_28	n/a	○	archival destination #28 text string
log_archive_dest_29	n/a	○	archival destination #29 text string
log_archive_dest_3	○	○	archival destination #3 text string
log_archive_dest_30	n/a	○	archival destination #30 text string
log_archive_dest_31	n/a	○	archival destination #31 text string
log_archive_dest_4	○	○	archival destination #4 text string
log_archive_dest_5	○	○	archival destination #5 text string
log_archive_dest_6	○	○	archival destination #6 text string
log_archive_dest_7	○	○	archival destination #7 text string
log_archive_dest_8	○	○	archival destination #8 text string
log_archive_dest_9	○	○	archival destination #9 text string
log_archive_dest_state_1	○	○	archival destination #1 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_10	○	○	archival destination #10 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_11	n/a	○	archival destination #11 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_12	n/a	○	archival destination #12 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_13	n/a	○	archival destination #13 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_14	n/a	○	archival destination #14 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_15	n/a	○	archival destination #15 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_16	n/a	○	archival destination #16 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_17	n/a	○	archival destination #17 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_18	n/a	○	archival destination #18 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_19	n/a	○	archival destination #19 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_2	○	○	archival destination #2 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_20	n/a	○	archival destination #20 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_21	n/a	○	archival destination #21 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_22	n/a	○	archival destination #22 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_23	n/a	○	archival destination #23 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_24	n/a	○	archival destination #24 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_25	n/a	○	archival destination #25 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_26	n/a	○	archival destination #26 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_27	n/a	○	archival destination #27 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_28	n/a	○	archival destination #28 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_29	n/a	○	archival destination #29 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_3	○	○	archival destination #3 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_30	n/a	○	archival destination #30 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_31	n/a	○	archival destination #31 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_4	○	○	archival destination #4 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_5	○	○	archival destination #5 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_6	○	○	archival destination #6 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_7	○	○	archival destination #7 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_8	○	○	archival destination #8 state text string
log_archive_dest_state_9	○	○	archival destination #9 state text string
log_archive_duplex_dest	○	○	duplex archival destination text string
log_archive_format	○	○	archival destination format
log_archive_local_first	○	○	Establish EXPEDITE attribute default value
log_archive_max_processes	○	○	maximum number of active ARCH processes
log_archive_min_succeed_dest	○	○	minimum number of archive destinations that must succeed
log_archive_start	○	○	start archival process on SGA initialization
log_archive_trace	○	○	Establish archivelog operation tracing level
log_buffer	○	○	redo circular buffer size
log_checkpoint_interval	○	○	# redo blocks checkpoint threshold
log_checkpoint_timeout	○	○	Maximum time interval between checkpoints in seconds
log_checkpoints_to_alert	○	○	log checkpoint begin/end to alert file
log_file_name_convert	○	○	logfile name convert patterns and strings for standby/clone db
max_commit_propagation_delay	○	n/a	Max age of new snapshot in .01 seconds
max_dispatchers	○	○	max number of dispatchers
max_dump_file_size	○	○	Maximum size (in bytes) of dump file
max_enabled_roles	○	○	max number of roles a user can have enabled
max_shared_servers	○	○	max number of shared servers
max_string_size	n/a	○	controls maximum size of VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW types in SQL
memory_max_target	○	○	Max size for Memory Target
memory_target	○	○	Target size of Oracle SGA and PGA memory
nls_calendar	○	○	NLS calendar system name
nls_comp	○	○	NLS comparison
nls_currency	○	○	NLS local currency symbol
nls_date_format	○	○	NLS Oracle date format
nls_date_language	○	○	NLS date language name
nls_dual_currency	○	○	Dual currency symbol
nls_iso_currency	○	○	NLS ISO currency territory name
nls_language	○	○	NLS language name
nls_length_semantics	○	○	create columns using byte or char semantics by default
nls_nchar_conv_excp	○	○	NLS raise an exception instead of allowing implicit conversion
nls_numeric_characters	○	○	NLS numeric characters
nls_sort	○	○	NLS linguistic definition name
nls_territory	○	○	NLS territory name
nls_time_format	○	○	time format
nls_time_tz_format	○	○	time with timezone format
nls_timestamp_format	○	○	time stamp format
nls_timestamp_tz_format	○	○	timestampe with timezone format	timestamp with timezone format
noncdb_compatible	n/a	○	Non-CDB Compatible
object_cache_max_size_percent	○	○	percentage of maximum size over optimal of the user session's object cache
object_cache_optimal_size	○	○	optimal size of the user session's object cache in bytes
olap_page_pool_size	○	○	size of the olap page pool in bytes
open_cursors	○	○	max # cursors per session
open_links	○	○	max # open links per session
open_links_per_instance	○	○	max # open links per instance
optimizer_adaptive_features	n/a	○	controls adaptive features
optimizer_adaptive_reporting_only	n/a	○	use reporting-only mode for adaptive optimizations
optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines	○	○	automatic capture of SQL plan baselines for repeatable statements
optimizer_dynamic_sampling	○	○	optimizer dynamic sampling
optimizer_features_enable	○	○	optimizer plan compatibility parameter
optimizer_index_caching	○	○	optimizer percent index caching
optimizer_index_cost_adj	○	○	optimizer index cost adjustment
optimizer_mode	○	○	optimizer mode
optimizer_secure_view_merging	○	○	optimizer secure view merging and predicate pushdown/movearound
optimizer_use_invisible_indexes	○	○	Usage of invisible indexes (TRUE/FALSE)
optimizer_use_pending_statistics	○	○	Control whether to use optimizer pending statistics
optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines	○	○	use of SQL plan baselines for captured sql statements
os_authent_prefix	○	○	prefix for auto-logon accounts
os_roles	○	○	retrieve roles from the operating system
parallel_adaptive_multi_user	○	○	enable adaptive setting of degree for multiple user streams
parallel_automatic_tuning	○	○	enable intelligent defaults for parallel execution parameters
parallel_degree_level	n/a	○	adjust the computed degree in percentage
parallel_degree_limit	n/a	○	limit placed on degree of parallelism
parallel_degree_policy	n/a	○	policy used to compute the degree of parallelism (MANUAL/LIMITED/AUTO/ADAPTIVE)
parallel_execution_message_size	○	○	message buffer size for parallel execution
parallel_fault_tolerance_enabled	n/a	○	enables or disables fault-tolerance for parallel statement
parallel_force_local	n/a	○	force single instance execution
parallel_instance_group	○	○	instance group to use for all parallel operations
parallel_io_cap_enabled	○	○	enable capping DOP by IO bandwidth
parallel_max_servers	○	○	maximum parallel query servers per instance
parallel_min_percent	○	○	minimum percent of threads required for parallel query
parallel_min_servers	○	○	minimum parallel query servers per instance
parallel_min_time_threshold	n/a	○	threshold above which a plan is a candidate for parallelization (in seconds)
parallel_server	○	○	if TRUE startup in parallel server mode
parallel_server_instances	○	○	number of instances to use for sizing OPS SGA structures
parallel_servers_target	n/a	○	instance target in terms of number of parallel servers
parallel_threads_per_cpu	○	○	number of parallel execution threads per CPU
pdb_file_name_convert	n/a	○	PDB file name convert patterns and strings for create cdb/pdb
permit_92_wrap_format	n/a	○	allow 9.2 or older wrap format in PL/SQL
pga_aggregate_limit	n/a	○	limit of aggregate PGA memory consumed by the instance
pga_aggregate_target	○	○	Target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed by the instance
plscope_settings	○	○	plscope_settings controls the compile time collection, cross reference, and storage of PL/SQL source code identifier data
plsql_ccflags	○	○	PL/SQL ccflags
plsql_code_type	○	○	PL/SQL code-type
plsql_debug	○	○	PL/SQL debug
plsql_native_library_dir	○	n/a	plsql native library dir
plsql_native_library_subdir_count	○	n/a	plsql native library number of subdirectories
plsql_optimize_level	○	○	PL/SQL optimize level
plsql_v2_compatibility	○	○	PL/SQL version 2.x compatibility flag
plsql_warnings	○	○	PL/SQL compiler warnings settings
pre_page_sga	○	○	pre-page sga for process
processes	○	○	user processes
processor_group_name	n/a	○	Name of the processor group that this instance should run in.
query_rewrite_enabled	○	○	allow rewrite of queries using materialized views if enabled
query_rewrite_integrity	○	○	perform rewrite using materialized views with desired integrity
rdbms_server_dn	○	○	RDBMS's Distinguished Name
read_only_open_delayed	○	○	if TRUE delay opening of read only files until first access
recovery_parallelism	○	○	number of server processes to use for parallel recovery
recyclebin	○	○	recyclebin processing
redo_transport_user	○	○	Data Guard transport user when using password file
remote_dependencies_mode	○	○	remote-procedure-call dependencies mode parameter
remote_listener	○	○	remote listener
remote_login_passwordfile	○	○	password file usage parameter
remote_os_authent	○	○	allow non-secure remote clients to use auto-logon accounts
remote_os_roles	○	○	allow non-secure remote clients to use os roles
replication_dependency_tracking	○	○	tracking dependency for Replication parallel propagation
resource_limit	○	○	master switch for resource limit
resource_manager_cpu_allocation	○	○	Resource Manager CPU allocation
resource_manager_plan	○	○	resource mgr top plan
result_cache_max_result	○	○	maximum result size as percent of cache size
result_cache_max_size	○	○	maximum amount of memory to be used by the cache
result_cache_mode	○	○	result cache operator usage mode
result_cache_remote_expiration	○	○	maximum life time (min) for any result using a remote object
resumable_timeout	○	○	set resumable_timeout
rollback_segments	○	○	undo segment list
sec_case_sensitive_logon	○	○	case sensitive password enabled for logon
sec_max_failed_login_attempts	○	○	maximum number of failed login attempts on a connection
sec_protocol_error_further_action	○	○	TTC protocol error continue action
sec_protocol_error_trace_action	○	○	TTC protocol error action
sec_return_server_release_banner	○	○	whether the server retruns the complete version information
serial_reuse	○	○	reuse the frame segments
service_names	○	○	service names supported by the instance
session_cached_cursors	○	○	Number of cursors to cache in a session.
session_max_open_files	○	○	maximum number of open files allowed per session
sessions	○	○	user and system sessions
sga_max_size	○	○	max total SGA size
sga_target	○	○	Target size of SGA
shadow_core_dump	○	○	Core Size for Shadow Processes
shared_memory_address	○	○	SGA starting address (low order 32-bits on 64-bit platforms)
shared_pool_reserved_size	○	○	size in bytes of reserved area of shared pool
shared_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of shared pool
shared_server_sessions	○	○	max number of shared server sessions
shared_servers	○	○	number of shared servers to start up
skip_unusable_indexes	○	○	skip unusable indexes if set to TRUE
smtp_out_server	○	○	utl_smtp server and port configuration parameter
sort_area_retained_size	○	○	size of in-memory sort work area retained between fetch calls
sort_area_size	○	○	size of in-memory sort work area
spatial_vector_acceleration	n/a	○	enable spatial vector acceleration
spfile	○	○	server parameter file
sql92_security	○	○	require select privilege for searched update/delete
sql_trace	○	○	enable SQL trace
sql_version	○	n/a	sql language version parameter for compatibility issues
sqltune_category	○	○	Category qualifier for applying hintsets
standby_archive_dest	○	○	standby database archivelog destination text string
standby_file_management	○	○	if auto then files are created/dropped automatically on standby
star_transformation_enabled	○	○	enable the use of star transformation
statistics_level	○	○	statistics level
streams_pool_size	○	○	size in bytes of the streams pool
tape_asynch_io	○	○	Use asynch I/O requests for tape devices
temp_undo_enabled	n/a	○	is temporary undo enabled
thread	○	○	Redo thread to mount
threaded_execution	n/a	○	Threaded Execution Mode
timed_os_statistics	○	○	internal os statistic gathering interval in seconds
timed_statistics	○	○	maintain internal timing statistics
trace_enabled	○	○	enable in memory tracing
tracefile_identifier	○	○	trace file custom identifier
transactions	○	○	max. number of concurrent active transactions
transactions_per_rollback_segment	○	○	number of active transactions per rollback segment
undo_management	○	○	instance runs in SMU mode if TRUE, else in RBU mode
undo_retention	○	○	undo retention in seconds
undo_tablespace	○	○	use/switch undo tablespace
unified_audit_sga_queue_size	n/a	○	Size of Unified audit SGA Queue
use_dedicated_broker	n/a	○	Use dedicated connection broker
use_indirect_data_buffers	○	○	Enable indirect data buffers (very large SGA on 32-bit platforms)
use_large_pages	n/a	○	Use large pages if available (TRUE/FALSE/ONLY)
user_dump_dest	○	○	User process dump directory
utl_file_dir	○	○	utl_file accessible directories list
workarea_size_policy	○	○	policy used to size SQL working areas (MANUAL/AUTO)
xml_db_events	○	○	are XML DB events enabled